Second, the interpretation of difficulties: 1, Tao, can make people have their own ethics, make people unshakable, not sad, not afraid, this is the "Tao." Tao Yuanming emphasized personal morality and moral integrity, which embodied Confucianism. Love, personal desire. 2, expensive, self-suffering. 3. Tintin, noisy and prosperous, is described as a busy state for fame and fortune. This means "the name of the world".
3. Translation: Confucianism and Taoism have declined for nearly a thousand years, and everyone is selfish and stingy. There is wine you refuse to drink, and you only care about worldly vanity. So I cherish myself, isn't it because I only have this life? How long can a life last? It's as fast as lightning. Busy life is fame and fortune, how can you achieve something! Excerpted from (360 Encyclopedia), or Meng Erdong's Notes on Tao Yuanming's Collection.
Appreciation: 1. This chapter tells us that the world only cares about love and pursues fame and fortune, but what is left after a hundred years? Excerpted from Guo Weisen/Bao Jingcheng's Complete Translation of Tao Yuanming's Collected Works
2. By denying those who only care about themselves and pursue fame and fortune, they show the poet's attitude towards life. Excerpted from Meng Erdong's Notes on Tao Yuanming's Works.
3. Take the road for thousands of years and everyone is indifferent, and discuss it, pointing out that the reason is "but care about the world's fame". Then with a stroke of a pen, he said that a person should protect his reputation, not for a while but for life. However, people's life is also short, so we should eat, drink and be merry in time. Obviously, this poem has a sentimental feeling. This is not worth taking. The poet's mood seems to be in contradiction with the idea of advocating fame after death in the poem "Accumulated good clouds are rewarded". In fact, these two songs are related. Tao Yuanming lives in a transitional period. The war-torn society and sinister environment made his ambition "not show" and he had to "send wine as a trace". Therefore, the reason why he laments that life is short and advocates eating, drinking and having fun in time is a kind of helplessness caused by the failure to realize his ideal. Excerpt from Liu Jicai's translation of Tao Yuanming's poems.
4. Ye Jiaying's "Ye Jiaying said that Tao Yuanming drank and imitated ancient poems" said that "Taoism has been lost for thousands of years". There should be such a "Tao" in the universe. ..... but later people, they lost, they don't know, they lost one of the most important and precious things. How long has Tao been lost and lost? Incense Millennium: "Incense" means about, nearly, almost, and people have been unable to find this "Tao" for almost a thousand years. From Confucius meeting Rong Qi to Tao Yuanming, he lived for almost 900 years, which can be said to be "a thousand years". The highest principle of being a man has been forgotten for a thousand years. Now people have stopped pursuing Tao, so what do they pursue? "Everyone cherishes love", the Tao has been lost in the world, and everyone does not know how to seek it. What do you pursue? It is "affection", the enjoyment of lust, fame, wealth and splendor. People no longer value the existence and gains and losses of Tao, but only see the material desires and passions in front of them. Tao Yuanming's following two sentences, we need to have a special view to understand him, because what he said later is: "I refuse to drink, but I care about human names." These two sentences are easily misunderstood by readers. He said that those who only know "cherish love" are "unwilling to drink", so what do they pursue? It means "but care about the fame and fortune of the world", and "but care" means that they always care about and care about the fame and fortune of the world. One day, I saw some drunks on the road. They were drunk on the side of the road, acting like they didn't know anything. Why does Tao Yuanming say here that it is not good for you to pursue fame and fortune in the world without drinking? So, in Tao Yuanming's view, is drinking better than pursuing fame and fortune in the world? If you drink in the street and look like a drunk, is that ok? During the Liang Dynasty, Prince Xiao Tong of Zhaoming said that although Tao Yuanming's poems were about wine, he was not interested in wine, which was the most important thing to pay attention to, otherwise these two poems would be incomprehensible. According to the superficial meaning of Tao Yuanming's two poems, is it better to lead a drunken life than to pursue fame and fortune? Actually, that's not what Tao Yuanming meant. What was Tao Yuanming thinking when he was drinking? He thought of "ups and downs, seeing more of each other"; Thinking of "if you don't break the poverty-stricken festival, the immortal will pass it on", he thought of the ethical view of "a gentleman can help the poor". Can those drinkers who are drunk on the street have poor integrity? How did Tao Yuanming think of so many life problems out of thin air? Isn't it because of drinking that these thoughts about the truth of life are brought out? Therefore, the "wine" mentioned in his poems is not wine in the general sense, but a medium that triggers and touches his ideological activities. When commenting on Tao Yuanming's drinking poems, Su Shi asked Tao Yuanming why he thought of so many life problems when drinking. In fact, it is the role played by the medium of "wine" and the real motivation and purpose of the wine delivery person. In addition to these reasons, I think Tao Yuanming regards wine as a tool for self-liberation and self-release, so that his will and desire can be liberated in drinking and he can find something that belongs to his heart. You know, life is short, and because of this, life is always tense. The success or failure of the world will always haunt your life and make you feel very tired. But when you drink, all of a sudden, you relax this nervous nerve, this mental burden is gone, and you will sincerely feel the value of freedom and relaxation. I think that's why Tao Yuanming drinks, and that's why he wants to say, "I refuse to drink, but I care about the world." Tao Yuanming really realized the freedom and joy after liberation when drinking, and got a kind of consciousness and comfort from it. This is what "wine" does to Tao Yuanming, so he writes about wine and drinks. However, some people can't let their will be free and find opportunities for self-liberation. This is the intention of the poem "I refuse to drink, but I care about the name of the world". Then he went on to say, "So this is not your life." He said that the most important thing for each of us is our own flesh and blood. It is precisely because of this purely tangible body that we have had so many influences, so many problems and relationships in this world. The word "so" means "why". Why does he say that the body is precious? Isn't it because there is such a tangible life in your life? But how long will this life be yours? "How many times can you recover in your life? This is like an impact. " . The beauty of the body is that you have lived for decades, but the ancients said that "life is seventy years old and rare", and life passes quickly, just like a bolt of lightning in the sky, fleeting. "How many times can you recover in your life, such as lightning" has two meanings. First, the value of your life lies in your life, but there is also a priceless and even sad side, that is, your life is short and empty like lightning, which everyone should reflect and experience. According to Buddhism, what you have done in your life, what you have left behind, what impact you have had on the world, and the relationship between them are all causal. Don't take life's gains and losses, fame and fortune, honor and disgrace seriously. Those are illusory and worthless. But at the same time, you should realize that your life is valuable, and every thought, thought and action you have may have an infinite influence in the universe. As Hua Yan Jing said, "For example, in many mirrors, many shadows reappear." If we are surrounded by mirrors, these mirrors reflect each other, so they also reflect each other. Don't think that your words and thoughts are nothing, but it is in this interaction that a chain reaction may be formed. Therefore, there are things in life that deserve your attention. Don't neglect that you can lead a drunken life. But don't think that the immediate gains and losses are important. In a word, life has both valuable and despicable aspects. Tao Yuanming has repeatedly thought about many valuable and contemptible questions in his life: "I refuse to drink, but I care about the world name"; "So I am expensive, not expensive in this life." So at last he said, "What can you do with this desire in a hundred years?" The word "Dingding" has always been said differently by people who talk about Tao Yuanming's poems. The Book of Rites Tan Gong said: "Tintin is a villain." Zheng Zhu explained that "Dingding" means great comfort. What is "Dashu"? Shu means relax. "Shu" was originally slack in the Book of Rites, which means doing things carelessly, casually and lazily. If you follow this meaning, it is also possible. Tao Yuanming's poems are sometimes difficult to tell, just as Chen Houshan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Tao Yuanming is not a poem, but a wonderful ear in his chest." He wrote down his feelings and thoughts. He wrote about how the thoughts in his heart moved. His heart fluctuated, and he wrote down this fluctuation. Later people sometimes don't understand what he is saying, and he doesn't care if you understand. The reason why these two poems are difficult to understand is that he wrote them entirely with the flow of his own thoughts and ideas, saying that life has a valuable side and a priceless and illusory side, and everyone can't grasp this, so there is an argument. According to the meaning of the Book of Rites Tan Gong, that is to say, you should make good use of this life. If you relax, slack off and degenerate, your century-old life will become an illusion in the blink of an eye. "Persist in this desire" and "persist" are persistence. What can this lazy, casual and unruly attitude towards life achieve? Therefore, this "Tintin" can be relaxed. But we use a lot of annotation materials, such as Tao Yuanming's poems, just because he looks simple on the surface and just writes down his inner activities, but in fact he is very complicated, and his inner activities are so rich and tortuous that it is difficult to understand. The ancient Chinese annotation we use is different from the explanation in Zhengzhu. He thinks "Dingding" means noisy, which means what you can accomplish in such a noisy and chaotic environment. There are other people's comments. They think "Dingding" means fast, which means what you can accomplish in this short time. In a word, Tao Yuanming's poems are profound. He saw that life has both a valuable side and a despicable side. How can we master and improve ourselves in this life? It's not that you have become a thing outside, for example, you have become a millionaire, but a million dollars is a thing outside. What he said is what you have accomplished by yourself, which means "How can you achieve this goal in a hundred years?"
Although this poem is short, it is not stagnant, but meaningful.
Verb (short for verb) evaluation:
Liu Lu's Notes on Selected Poems, Volume 5: This statement has been lost for a long time, and the lust is growing. People in this world refuse to be loyal to their sexuality, but cherish the glory of the world. I didn't know it was like electricity in my life. Now is to relieve laziness, not to realize it quickly, but to seize the past. What do you want to achieve and become famous? The cover is not particularly ironic, but also a self-warning.
Tao Biquan's Yujiang Poetry: How insightful this poem is! During the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, people regarded foreigners as a substitute, but they knew nothing about worldly fame. Those who "want to succeed" will also join hands in the whole ceremony. There is no trace of words, so it is super.
Juck Zhang is equivalent to reading "Three Poems by Cao Tao Ji" Volume III: If you forget your worries after drinking, you will be happy and carefree. Why can people forget their innocence when they are tired of fame? So, Jingjie said it without hesitation.