Well, your question is too complicated, so I referred to the information of Thales (about 624-547) in iask.sina/b/12667795,
Anaximander (about 61-546),
Anaximenes (about 61-546), About 588-524)
Heraclitus (about 54-48)
Pythagoras (about 68-5)
Xeno Finney (about 565-473)
Parmenides (about. From the end of the 6th century to the 5th century)
empedocles (Empedocles, about 495-435)
Anaxagoras (Anaxagoras, about 5-428)
Leucippus (Leukippos, date of birth and death unknown)
Democritus (Democritus, 46-37)
. 481-411)
Gorgias (Gorgias, 483-375)
Socrates (Sokrates, 468-4)
Plato (Plato, 427-347): Republic, Politician, Parmenides, etc. About 45-374)
Antisthenes (about 4-325)
diogenes (about 4-325)
Aristippus (born about 435)
& History of Greek Philosophy (edited by Wang Zisong and others), Research on Pre-Socratic Philosophy, Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Aristotle (384-322): Metaphysics, Instrumentalism, Nicomachean Ethics, Physics and Politics
&; The complete works of Aristotle
Epikouros (341-27)
Zhi Nuo (Zeno of Cypros, about 336-264)
Kruxipu (about 281-25)
Pyrrhon (about 36). 32-23)
Aurelius (about 98-53):
Cicero (Cicero, 16-43)
Seneca (2-65)
epiktetos (Epictetus, 5. Empiricus (2nd century man)
Plotinos (25-27): Nine Chapters
Tertullianus (about 16-23)
Augustinus, 354-43): Confessions, City of God, Manual of Doctrine
Bo Aixiu (Boethius, about 48-525): Comfort of Philosophy
Eriugena (about 8-877): On God's predestination, etc. 133-119): Monologue, Preaching, Book of Repenting Fools
Roscellinus (15-1114)
abelard (179-1142)
Thomas? Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274): Encyclopedia of Theology and Encyclopedia of Anti-paganism
Rogier? Bacon (Roger Bacon, 1214-1294): Great Works and Small Works > >
is philosophy meaningful? Where is the philosopher's contribution to society?
Definition: The so-called philosophy is a point in mathematical language, that is, an argument, a viewpoint and a starting point.
What is Nietzsche's contribution?
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844—August 25, 19) is a famous German philosopher. He is regarded as the pioneer of modern western philosophy, a linguist, a cultural critic, a poet, a composer and a thinker. His works have made extensive criticisms and discussions on religion, morality, modern culture, philosophy and science. His writing style is unique, and he often uses aphorisms and paradoxes. Nietzsche had a great influence on the development of later generations' philosophy, especially on existentialism and postmodernism.
Nietzsche was a philologist before he began to study philosophy. At the age of 24, Nietzsche became a German-speaking professor of classical Chinese in university of basel, specializing in ancient Greek and Latin literature. However, he resigned due to health problems in 1879 and has been suffering from mental illness ever since. Nietzsche had a nervous breakdown in 1889 and never recovered. He lived under the care of his mother and sister until his death in 19.
Nietzsche's main works are: Will to Power, Birth of Tragedy, Untimely Investigation, Zarathustra, Philosophy in the Age of Greek Tragedy, On the Genealogy of Morality, etc.
the influence of Nietzsche's works on later generations is undoubtedly enormous. His thought has a powerful impact, which subverts the western moral thoughts and traditional values and reveals the spiritual crisis that human beings must face after the death of God. Jaspers said that Nietzsche and Kierkegaard brought a thrill to western philosophy, and the final meaning of this thrill has not been evaluated.
A whole generation of thinkers and artists in the early 2th century found ideas and images in Nietzsche's works that inspired their creative works. Jaspers, Sartre, Heidegger, Jack London, Foucault, Derrida, Freud, etc. are all philosophers deeply influenced by Nietzsche's thought, and there are countless writers directly influenced by him: Zweig, thomas mann, Bernard Shaw, Hesse, Rilke, Gide and Lu Xun.
The acceptance of Nietzsche by modern intellectuals in China in the past half century can be divided into four stages: (1) the embryonic stage, that is, the decade of the late Qing Dynasty (192-1911); (2) The * * * period, that is, the Northern Warlords and the * * * divided North and South (1912-1926), which can also be called the first * * * period; (3) the decline period, that is, the early period of * * * rule (1927-1936); (4) The turning period, that is, the late period of the * * * rule (1937-1949), can also be called the second * * * period.
In its infancy, only four China scholars mentioned and studied Nietzsche's theory, namely Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Zhang Taiyan and Lu Xun.
During the * * * period, Liang Qichao and Cai Yuanpei, veterans of the ideological and educational circles, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, Fu Sinian, Lu Xun, Zhu Zhixin, Xie Wuliang, Mao Dun, Guo Moruo and Xu Zhimo, generals of the New Culture Movement, as well as philosophers and scholars Li Shicen, Zhu Luyun, Fan Shoukang, Zhu Zhenmei and Bao Shoumei, etc.
What contribution did Freud make in philosophy
Unconsciousness is a topic that philosophers often talk about. In the study of unconsciousness, Freud's theory of unconsciousness occupies a very important position in the whole modern western philosophy. Freud was the first to discover the research field of unconsciousness, and he was called "the father of unconsciousness". Although there are many people who study Freud's philosophy, they only give a brief introduction and summary evaluation of their knowledge. Some of them study deeply and highlight the theoretical contribution of Freud's unconscious theory. Most of them lack theoretical research on practical significance, especially in connection with the reality of China today. That is to say, they have failed to make foreign things serve China. Therefore, Freud's theory of unconsciousness is worthy of further study. In today's China, we should absorb the positive factors in Freud's unconscious theory and make foreign things serve China.
What are the contributions of Laozi?
Laozi is a saint in China, and he has made great contributions to China. Specifically, there are several aspects:
1. Philosophically, he put forward the highest philosophical category of "Tao" and introduced profound dialectical thought into the development of China's philosophy. At the same time, Lao Zi is the greatest representative of China's theory of "the unity of man and nature".
2. In aesthetics, Laozi has profoundly grasped the true meaning of beauty. His "big voice and good voice" and "elephant invisibility" are the most profound aesthetic wisdom, and their influence on the development of China's aesthetics and art is immeasurable. China's paintings, calligraphy and gardens all draw nutrition from Laozi's aesthetics and achieve high character.
3. In terms of outlook on life, Laozi's outlook on life is the most intelligent outlook on life. In the past, some people said that inaction was negative, but they actually underestimated Laozi. Laozi's inaction was actually positive and the most profound. "Inaction" was to better achieve "promising" and to retreat to advance. A generation of great men * * * applied this wisdom to the most superb. The great victory of the "Long March" is a vivid embodiment of Laozi's outlook on life.