1. The beauty of simplicity in Shishuo Xinyu essays

People in the Wei and Jin Dynasties paid great attention to concise and concise rhetoric, sharp rhetoric, strong thinking and profound meaning.

Therefore, people also pursue appropriate responses on other occasions, either implicitly or subtlely, which must be rich in literary talent and meaningful. The ancients paid attention to language cultivation and developed language skills from childhood.

This book pays great attention to collecting such wise sayings and sayings, and many of them are recorded in the chapters of "Speech", "Literature" and "Pai Tiao". Some are responsive, quick-thinking, and good at adapting to circumstances.

For example, Chapter 3 of "Words" tells that Kong Rong, who was ten years old, went to visit the famous Li Yuanli. When the guests present were admiring Kong Rong's intelligence, Chen Wei said that he was "too young. Big is not necessarily good." Kong Rong immediately responded: "I miss you when you are young, and you will become a king."

This is to use the spear of the son to attack the shield of the son, which shows Kong Rong's reputation. of wit and sharp rhetoric. Another example is Chapter 51 of "Yu", which says that Gu He favored his grandson Gu Fu, which caused dissatisfaction with his grandson Zhang Xuanzhi.

Once when the three of them were in the temple, Gu He asked the disciples beside the reclining Buddha statue why some were crying and some were not. Zhang Xuanzhi took the opportunity to say: "I cry when I am loved by someone. "Don't cry unless you are loved by someone close to you." Gu Fu knew that Zhang Xuanzhi was obsessed with Gu He, so he said, "You should never cry because you forget your feelings."

Both of them are good at catching. Opportunities can be exploited without revealing any traces. From the above two examples, we can see that people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties paid attention to the cultivation and training of rhetoric from childhood.

Sometimes, if you can’t speak directly, you need to hint tactfully. For example, Chapter 8 of "Yu" says that the talented Zheng Heng offended Cao Cao. Cao Cao deliberately appointed him as a lowly drummer and asked him to play drums. Kong Rong advised him that Zheng Heng's crime was "not being able to invent." King's Dream".

The words were very subtle and thought-provoking, but they were a sharp satire on Cao Cao and made Cao Cao feel ashamed and unable to get angry. If you speak appropriately, you may be able to turn a bad situation into a good one and avoid a lot of gossip.

For example, Chapter 86 of "Pin Zao" says that Taifu Huanxuan suddenly asked Wang Zhenzhi when the courtiers were gathering: Who is better, me or your seventh uncle? When the guests heard this, they all worried nervously for Wang Zhenzhi, but Wang Zhenzhi slowly replied: "The deceased uncle is a hero of a moment, but the Duke is a hero of thousands of years." By saying this, he neither belittled his uncle nor belittled his uncle. He was not killed for praising his uncle and offending the ambitious Huan Xuan. Everyone present was relieved for him.

Pay attention to your words, especially in official circles. Once you make a mistake, the consequences will be disastrous. For example, Chapter 11 of "Slight Slander" says that one time Huan Wen believed that Wang Yifu and others were responsible for the loss of Northern China, but Yuan Hu rashly expressed his dissent and said: "There will be failure and prosperity of fortune, so how can it be everyone's fault?" After hearing this, Huan Wen's face was full of anger, and he revealed his murderous intention to Yuan Huyu on the spot.

As for those flattery and self-deprecating words, they are not worthy of praise. For example, Chapter 18 of "Yu" says that Xiang Ziqi, who was determined to live in seclusion, later came to Kyoto to seek a way to enter the world. Sima Zhao asked him why he came out of the mountain, and Xiang Ziqi replied that ancient hermits "were not much admirers."

This is nothing more than brazen argument. 2. The unique concise style of classical Chinese

The simple beauty of classical Chinese is related to grammar.

Compared with Latin languages, Chinese grammar is more simple and flexible. Chinese verbs are all in the original form, so it’s easy to avoid “number” and “hour”! Both simple and flexible.

Li Bai's "Traveling is Difficult" only uses the word "行". Is it a journey alone or in a group? Is it "doing it now" or "doing it soon"? Experience it yourself, do whatever you want, it varies from person to person, leaving plenty of room for imagination for readers. The simplicity of classical Chinese writing is also closely related to the use of allusions.

The beauty of using allusions is to use a few words to arouse readers' memories of the past events recorded in ancient books. It not only makes the article look simple, but also shows the ultimate simplicity and beauty.

In the hundred-character poem "Yong Yu Le·Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgic for the Past", Xin Qiji cited six allusions in one breath, dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty and continuing to the Southern Song Dynasty.

Reading it is soul-stirring and makes you think about the ancient feelings. 3. Looking for beautiful artistic conception, hazy beauty, simple and beautiful words, poems, ancient prose, prose

1. From the Southern Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli's "Dawn out of Jingci Temple to see Lin Zifang" After all, the scenery of West Lake is not the same in June. Same as the four seasons.

The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers reflecting the sun are uniquely red. Appreciation The beautiful scenery of the West Lake has always been the object of description by literati. This poem by Yang Wanli has been passed down through the ages with its unique technique and is worth savoring.

"After all, the scenery of the West Lake in June is different from that of the four seasons." The first sentence seems abrupt, but the actual sentence is grand. Although the readers have not yet appreciated the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, they can already appreciate it from the poet's tone of admiration I feel it. This sentence seemed to blurt out. It was the most intuitive feeling after being surprised and overjoyed, which further enhanced the beauty of West Lake.

Sure enough, "The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus reflecting the sun is uniquely red." The poet uses "blue" and "red" to highlight the strong visual impact of lotus leaves and lotus. With great impact, the boundless lotus leaves seem to be connected to the sky and the sky, and the atmosphere is grand. It not only depicts the boundless lotus leaves, but also renders the magnificence of heaven and earth, and has an extremely rich sense of spatial modeling. "Reflecting the sun" and "lotus" complement each other, making the whole picture gorgeous and vivid.

The whole poem is clear and clear. What is outstanding is that it first writes feelings and then describes the actual scene, thus creating an effect of first virtuality and then reality. After reading it, I can really feel the "unpleasant" feeling of West Lake in June. Beautiful scenery that coincides with the four seasons. The poet stopped at the West Lake in June to say goodbye to his friend Lin Zifang. The whole poem expresses his deep attachment to his friend in a tortuous way through his extreme praise of the beautiful scenery of the West Lake.

The poet begins by saying that after all, the scenery of West Lake in June is different from that of the four seasons. These two simple and unpretentious poems show that the scenery of West Lake in June is different from that of other seasons, and it is enough to miss it. Then, the poet uses sentences full of strong color contrast to paint a wonderful picture of bright red and green for the readers: the emerald green lotus leaves surge to the horizon, making people feel like they are in the endless green; and the beautiful The lotus flowers look even more beautiful under the scorching sun.

Although this kind of transformation in plot has ups and downs, it does not feel abrupt. The seemingly plain writing and ink show readers an evocative artistic realm.

Artist Zhu Xuanxian created the Chinese painting "Reflecting the Sun Red" based on the poetic sentiment of Yang Wanli's "Dawn Leaving Jingci Temple - Farewell to Lin Zifang", which vividly and vividly reflects this poetic sentiment. 2. From "Dwelling in the Mountains in the Dark Autumn" by Wang Wei, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. After the new rain in the empty mountains, autumn comes late.

The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows upstream from the rocks. The bamboo noises return to Huan Nu, and the lotus moves off the fishing boat.

Let the spring fragrance rest at will, and the kings and grandsons can stay. Appreciation This poem describes the fresh, quiet, tranquil and beautiful dusk scenery of autumn in the mountains.

The Wangchuan Villa where Wang Wei lives is at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain, so it is called Mountain Residence. After an autumn rain, the autumn mountains are like wash, refreshing and pleasant.

It was almost dusk, the sun was setting and the moon was rising. The pine forest was quiet and the stream was clear. Huan Nu returned and the fishing boat followed. Such a beautiful autumn scene, elegant and interesting, can make the princes and grandsons be intoxicated and forget the worldly things.

This poem starts with the word "empty" and has a noble rhyme, setting an ethereal and pure tone for the whole poem. The whole poem combines movement and stillness, complementing each other and bringing out the best in each other.

The moonlight shining on the pine forest is static, while the clear spring overflowing is dynamic. The first four sentences describe the tranquility of the evening scene in the autumn mountains, and the five or six sentences describe the noise of Huannu's fishing boat.

The four couplets of the poem describe feelings, vision, hearing, and feelings respectively. They are interesting because of the images and emotional because of the scenery. It reflects the laziness and greed of officials and officials in today's society, writes the poet's own noble sentiments, writes about the carefree life, and expresses the author's longing for this kind of life.

It also expresses the author's advocating for a quiet and indifferent pastoral life, not wanting to join in the bad, and a clean and self-sufficient attitude towards life. There is another point worth noting: ancient literati often used Qingqiu to write about sadness, and this poem is a masterpiece of Qingqiu.

Guo Yun: "The color and rhyme are pure and pure." "Explanation of Tang Poetry": "Elegance and blandness are interesting.

"Tang Poetry Ju": "Youcheng's edition starts from Gongli. , become dull in old age, and then become perfect.

"Detailed Explanation of Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty" Wang Yunyi said: "The first part is about the autumn scenery of living in the mountains, and the second part is about romance, and the intention of not wanting to be an official can be seen."

" This famous landscape poem embodies the poet's noble feelings and pursuit of the ideal state in the poetic and picturesque atmosphere. The two middle couplets of the poem both describe the scenery, but each has its own emphasis.

The chin couplet focuses on describing objects, which are fragrant and bright, while the neck couplet focuses on people, focusing on harmony and political integrity. At the same time, the two complement each other. It can be said that springs, green pines, green bamboos, and green lotuses are all poets. The portrayal of noble sentiments is the environment of the poet's ideal state.

Since the poet is so noble, and he has found a satisfactory paradise in the seemingly "empty mountain", he can't help but feel happy. Said: "Let the spring fragrance rest at will, and the kings and grandsons can stay!" "Originally, "Chu Ci: Recruiting Hermits" said: "When Wang Sunxi returns, he cannot stay in the mountains for long! "The poet's experience was exactly the opposite. He felt that "in the mountains" was better than "in the court". It was clean and simple, and he could stay away from officialdom and keep himself clean, so he decided to go into seclusion. An important artistic technique in this poem is to use natural beauty to express the poet's feelings. Personal beauty and an ideal social beauty.

On the surface, this poem only uses the method of "fu" to model mountains and rivers, and to describe the scenery in detail and touchingly. In fact, it is the whole poem. Bixing. The poet expresses his ambition through the description of the landscape, which is rich and thought-provoking.

Wang Wei's life ambition is also hidden in the lines. The center: writing about the quiet and peaceful environment expresses the poet's compliance with his nature. Feeling at ease.

3. "Lotus Picking Song" by a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The lotus leaves are cut in one color, and the hibiscus is spread out on both sides of the face. I can't see anyone when I hear the song.

Appreciation of this poem is like a wonderful picture of lotus picking, which describes the working life and youthful joy of the lotus picking girls in the south of the Yangtze River. This poem is about the lotus picking girls, but the poem does not describe it positively. Instead, the lotus leaves are as green as the skirt, the lotus flowers are as red as the face, and no one can be seen and the singing is heard, etc., to subtly integrate the beauty of the lotus picking girl with nature.

The poem is lively, poetic and full of interest in life. The description of the first two sentences of the poem makes people feel that these lotus-picking girls are simply a part of the beautiful nature; the last two sentences describe the moments of those who stand and gaze. The resulting feeling is that people and flowers are indistinguishable.

The first two sentences focus on objective description, and the last two sentences focus on subjective feelings. The combination of objective description and subjective feelings is a good expression. If we regard this poem as a "Picture of Lotus Picking", the center of the picture is naturally the girls picking lotus.

However, the author does not let them appear in this picture from beginning to end, but allows them to be included. 4. "The Most Beautiful Classical Chinese"

1. The beauty of rhythm

2. The beauty of simplicity

3. Reflects China’s five thousand years of cultural heritage and historical precipitation

As the only language in the world that uses form to express meaning, classical Chinese expresses this depth incisively and vividly

Ancient prose is an article that is both beautiful in quality and contains the author’s feelings. It cannot be regarded as a linguistic material made up of ancient characters. Once you understand it, you can discover the profound ancient culture that permeates the article.. Ancient prose All of them contain splendid ancient culture. How many ideas and principles are derived from them: "After learning, you will know your shortcomings, and after teaching, you will be trapped." Don't know the disease", "Be worried about the worries of the world first, and be happy after the happiness of the world", "Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself", "If people are kind to me, I will be kind to them, and if people are not kind to me, I will be kind to them", "The best thing is like water", "Give me a peach, and give me a plum", "If you don't learn enough, you are afraid of losing it", etc. These wonderful sentences are everywhere, which can be recalled and used throughout life.

5. Looking for ancient texts, classical Chinese texts and famous aphorisms related to beauty

1. "The five colors make people blind":

Laozi said, "The five colors make people blind" and "the five sounds make people blind." "Deafness", mainly based on his simple dialectical theory, generally discusses the "five colors" and "five tones" as the objects of artistic beauty appreciation. If it becomes excessive sensory enjoyment and unbridled satisfaction, the ability to appreciate artistic beauty will be lost. The original intention may even lose its aesthetic value and become a spiritual burden and aesthetic "disaster" that backfires and harms the body and mind.

Laozi’s aesthetics is directly related to the doctrine of “Tao” in his philosophical outlook and the thought of “inaction” in his political outlook. He believes that any kind of beauty that "serves literary talent and carries a sharp sword" (Chapter 53), like all promising things, can only be harmful to people. The so-called "five colors make people blind, five tones make people deaf, and five flavors make people deaf." The population is happy, and hunting in the fields makes people crazy" (Chapter 12), which all means that the beauty of "doing something" will inevitably damage human nature. In Lao Tzu's view, true beauty does not lie in external things such as sex, wealth, and honor, but can only be found in nature itself, which can be reflected through the approach of "seeing simplicity, embracing simplicity, and being less selfish and reticent" (Chapter 19). This kind of beauty is expressed as "big sounds sound, but elephants are invisible" (Forty-one Chapter). That is to say, the most perfect music is heard from a place without sound, and the most beautiful image appears from a place without image; once there are specific sounds and images, it destroys the perfection of nature. This is the beauty that conforms to the "Tao". These insights of Laozi come into contact with the issue of aesthetic realm, reveal an aesthetic experience in aesthetic activities that goes beyond the simple perception of art, and open up the ancient Chinese aesthetics pursuit of "nature", "true beauty", "meaning beyond words" and "full sound". The forerunner of theories such as "the beauty of beauty" also laid the foundation for Taoist aesthetics, which confronts the twin peaks of Confucian aesthetics.

2. "Music comes from the heart":

"Music" has an incisive discussion of the nature of music, affirming that music is an art that expresses emotions. It believes that:

p>

"Every sound comes from the human heart, and the movement of the human heart is caused by things."

"Every sound comes from the human heart, and emotions are moved in it, so Shape in sound: sound is written in words, which is called sound. "

Xunzi has a book called "Music Theory", which can be corroborated.

Each of the above can be seen as a system. Here are some sentences:

1. Seeing the dance "Da Wu", he said: 'How beautiful! The prosperity of Zhou Dynasty is like this! ’” "Historical Records: The Family of Wu Taibo"

2. Beautiful and sweet. ——"Shuowen"

3. Plum blossoms are beautiful because of their curves, but they have no appearance when they are straight. ——Gong Zizhen's "Bing Mei Guan Ji"

4. "Zi said of Shao: 'It is perfectly beautiful, but it is also good.' He said of Wu: 'It is perfectly beautiful, but it is not good.' " "The Analects of Confucius·Eight Yi"

5. Zhong Rong's "Shi Pin" also systematically discusses beauty from the perspective of poetry. He opposed artificial rhythm, advocated natural rhythm, and maintained the natural beauty of poetry. Its "natural elegance" refers to natural elegance, that is, true beauty.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Human beauty is an important expression of beauty. , cannot be ignored. 6. Relatively simple classical Chinese

Book of Commandments

A husband and a gentleman should practice tranquility to cultivate their moral character and be frugal to cultivate their virtues. Without indifference, there is no clear ambition; without tranquility, there is no far-reaching goal. Learning requires tranquility, and talent requires learning. Without learning, there is no way to expand talents, and without ambition, there is no way to achieve learning. If you are impatient and slow, you will not be able to stimulate your essence, and if you are dangerous and impetuous, you will not be able to cure your nature. Years go with the times, thoughts go with the sun, and they become withered and withered. Many people do not take on the world, and they stay in the poor house with sadness. How will they be able to get back to you!

Translation: People with moral cultivation carry out self-cultivation and exercise in this way. They use meditation and reflection to perfect themselves, and they cultivate their noble character by being frugal and saving money. If you don't have a clear mind and few desires, you won't be able to make your ambitions clear and firm. If you don't have stability and tranquility, you won't be able to realize your lofty ideals and study hard for a long time.

To learn true knowledge, one must study and explore in tranquility, both physically and mentally. People’s talents are accumulated from continuous learning. If you don’t study hard, you can’t grow and develop your talents. If you don’t have an unwavering will, you can’t make progress in your studies. success. Indulgence and debauchery, negativity and neglect cannot inspire the mind and spirit; careless adventure, impatience and restlessness cannot cultivate the temperament and ennoble moral integrity. If the years and years are wasted and the time is wasted, eventually it will age like a fallen leaf day by day. Such people will not be used by society and benefit society. They will only be sadly trapped in their poor homes. By then it will be too late to regret.