Teaching plan 1 teaching points of "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing";
Learn the selected works expressing Confucius' survival wisdom, and discuss and understand Confucius' survival wisdom.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
1. key point: learn relevant language knowledge, and speak all the selected texts well except No.6, 10,1,12.
2. Difficulties: Combining students' life experiences and related situations, try to make students understand Confucius' wisdom of survival.
First, the introduction of new courses.
In our daily life, we often use some well-known idioms, such as "haste makes waste", "He who has no foresight will have immediate worries", "He who can't bear a little will make great plans", "There must be a teacher for a threesome", "We don't seek common ground for different ways" and "We must sharpen our tools first if we want to do good things", all of which actually come from Confucius' mouth and contain his wisdom in life.
In this lesson, we will learn several quotations that show the wisdom of Confucius' life.
Second, unblock 12 quotation
(1) Instruct students to read 12 quotations collectively and correct pronunciation errors.
(2) Explore keywords. Students ask questions, solve them interactively, and be guided by teachers.
Know: the end of wisdom: no food: the erosion of words: cover up (mistakes in whitewashing words)
Hong: expand and carry forward the bow: self-destruction: the Lord has nothing: pass or fail, don't.
And: conjunction, used between subject and predicate, means "if" or "indeed", which can be understood as "indeed" here.
Soldier: Age of Weapons: Season House: Stop.
(3) Translate 12 quotation. Student translation, interactive solutions, teacher guidance.
1, the original Confucius said, "What do you know? Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. "
Confucius said, "Lutz, shall I tell you?" What you know is what you know and what you don't know is what you don't know. This is about the true meaning of knowing. "
2, the original Confucius said: "Don't say' what? So what? "Dear friend, I have come to the end of my life. "
Confucius said, "People who don't make progress don't know what to do."
3. The original Confucius said, "If you don't change, you will pass."
Confucius said: "If you make a mistake and don't correct it, that's the real mistake."
4. Yuan Zi Gong said, "Mistakes of a gentleman are like the eclipse of the sun and the moon. Too many, everyone has seen it; What's more, everyone is very admired. "
Zi Gong said, "A gentleman's fault is like the eclipse of the sun and the moon. Everyone can see the flaw; Once corrected, everyone will admire it. "
5, the original Xia Zi said: "The mistakes of villains should also be written."
Xia Zi said: "The villain must cover up his mistakes."
6. The original Confucius said: "People can be Taoist, but not Taoist."
Confucius said: "people can carry forward morality, not morality can strengthen people's facade."
7. The original Confucius said: "If you defeat others and complain about others, you are far from complaining."
Confucius said, "If you blame yourself more and others less, you can avoid resentment."
8. It turns out that Xia Zi was slaughtered by his father and asked about politics. Confucius said, "Haste makes waste. Haste makes waste, but seeing small profits can't be a big deal. "
Xia Zi, the father of Mayor Ju, asked about politics. Confucius said: "Don't just seek speed, don't covet small profits." Just seeking speed often fails to achieve the goal; You can't do great things if you are greedy for small profits. "
9. Confucius said: "People without faith don't know what they can do. If there is no cart, what can it do? "
Confucius said, "What can people do without faith? Just like a big car without an axle and a small car without an axle, how can it be started? "
10, the original Zigong asked about politics. Confucius said, "Food is sufficient, soldiers are sufficient, and people trust." Zi Gong said, "I have to go, which comes first?" He said, "Go and be a soldier." Zi Gong said, "If you have to leave, which one will come first?" Say, "Go and eat. There has been death since ancient times, and the people have no faith. "
Zi Gong asked about politics. Confucius said, "Ensure food and clothing, strengthen the army and win the trust of the people." Zi Gong said, "You can't have both, so which of the above three can be removed?" Military. "If not, which of the remaining two items can be deleted?" "Food and clothing. Death has existed since ancient times. Without the trust of the people, the country will perish. "
1 1, the original Confucius said: "When the cold comes and the summer goes, you will know that the pine and cypress are withered."
Confucius said, "It's cold, and the pine and cypress finally wither."
12, the atom said in Sichuan: "The deceased is like a husband! Don't give up day and night. "
Confucius said by the river: "Time is like running water! Don't stay all day. "
Third, explore the ideological content of 12 quotations.
Students discuss their reading experience of 12 quotations in groups. Each group sends a representative to speak on the stage, and other students in the group can supplement it.
Teachers summarize and deepen the students' speeches. The main points are as follows:
1, combined with the content of the article, how should we treat our "ignorance" equally?
A person's cleverness is not that he knows more than others, but that he frankly admits his ignorance. Facing the problem of "ignorance", we should always say "what to do" and try to solve it.
Rule 1: Know what you know. Don't pretend to know if you don't know. This is wisdom. This sentence has the following enlightenment to us.
First, don't be ignorant. Life is limited and knowledge is infinite. It's normal not to know. Pretending to know if you don't know may make a joke. Second, pretending to know will close the door to learning and seeking knowledge, and honestly admitting that you don't know will have the motivation to seek knowledge; The third is to distinguish between what you know and what you don't know. What you know doesn't need excessive research, but what you don't know is the focus of learning and research.
Second: these words have the following enlightenment to us.
First of all, we must face the problem squarely. When you encounter problems that can't be solved, you must find a way, and you can't shirk it. Only those who face up to the problem will think about the solution to the problem, and others can provide him with concrete help. No one can help him and no one can help him if he encounters problems. Second, in the process of learning and seeking knowledge, teachers are only useful to him if they don't disconnect their brains. Teachers are of little use to him if they don't ask questions and think.
Please tell us how to treat our mistakes according to the content of the article.
In the journey of life, mistakes are inevitable. The real mistake is to make a mistake and not correct it. If you want to correct your mistakes, you must first face up to your own mistakes and don't try to cover them up.
Third: First, everyone makes mistakes. It's normal to make mistakes, so don't be afraid of them. People who are afraid of making mistakes will not make progress. Second, it is true to make mistakes and not change. Third, learn to learn from mistakes and sum up experience, and don't fall down twice in the same place.
Fourth: first, if there is a fault, others can see it, and don't think that others don't know it, especially to leaders and public figures; The second is to admit mistakes and correct them, which will win people's respect.
Fifth: first, covering up mistakes is a sign of humble personality, which will make jokes and make people look down on it; Second, we must have the courage to expose mistakes, because only by exposing mistakes can we be corrected; Third, the difference between a gentleman and a villain is not whether he has made a mistake, but whether he can correct it.
3. Confucius said: "People can preach, but it is not Tao." What does "Tao" advocated by Confucius mean here?
Answers from Confucianism represented by Confucius.
Sixth: people can expand Tao, not Tao can expand people. The Tao here refers to Confucius' ideas and thoughts. People consciously cultivate themselves and can expand Tao, but Tao itself cannot expand people. Realm is self-made, not given by others.
4. Confucius said: "If you defeat others and complain about others, you will never complain!" What kind of inspiration did Confucius give us?
When you get along with others, don't just complain that others are not good to you. The key to improving the relationship with others is to change yourself: be more responsible for yourself and ask less of others.
Seventh: First, a person should be good at introspection, be good at finding reasons from himself, and blame others less, instead of always blaming others for shirking objective reasons, so as to really solve the problem. If everyone is good at finding reasons and self-criticism, it will reduce social internal friction and improve work efficiency; Second, finding reasons from oneself is an important way to avoid contradictions and reduce resentment.
The students are reading "haste makes waste". Haste makes waste, and seeing small profits can't achieve great things. What enlightenment can you get from connecting with your own reality?
Eighth: First, don't rush things. Rushing for success will violate the objective laws of things, even make people learn to cheat, affecting people's real goals; Second, we should not be attracted by small interests. If you care too much about small interests, you will forget the big fundamentals. It is very important to distinguish between small interests and big fundamentals.
6. How did Confucius emphasize honesty?
Confucius is good at understanding profound philosophy from ordinary things and phenomena.
Confucius believes that people can't live without credit, just as a big car has no hook and a small car has no hook. What can we walk on? Honesty is the foundation of personal life. People without integrity can succeed temporarily, but they can't succeed in the end. For the society, honesty is the basis of the effective operation of the government. If the government loses the trust of the people, it can't be stable. Honesty is the foundation of harmonious social development.
Ninth: First, credit is the foundation of people's foothold. Without credit, people can't stand in society; Second, it is emphasized that credit is not only about keeping faith with people, but also paying attention to being responsible for yourself, keeping faith with your own beliefs and goals, and not losing yourself.
Tenth: For a government, keeping its promise to the people is the foundation of its establishment.
Eleventh: A person's quality can only be shown when there are contradictions and conflicts.
Twelfth: first, time, like running water, keeps passing and will not stop because of anyone or anything; Second, time is gone forever; Third, cherish time, which is the basic requirement to realize the ideal of life.
(2) Discuss the second question after class. First, guide students to understand the material, and then guide students to analyze Confucius' dialectical analysis of "faith"
Fourth, homework
Please talk about the quality of pine and cypress, and write a short article in connection with the reality of life.
"Know is know, don't know is don't know" The second lesson emphasis and difficulty.
1, mainly teaching the selections of 1 rule, rule 2, rule 3, rule 4, rule 5, rule 7, rule 8 and rule 9.
2. Guide students to understand Confucius' wisdom of existence.
Autonomous learning:
Read the translated text and recite it by yourself. The teacher gave guidance.
Cooperative investigation:
Thinking:
1, I don't know, why is it also "knowledge"?
2. Why do people "live and stay the same"?
3. How to understand "haste makes waste"? Contact life and talk about your feelings.
"Haste makes waste, and forgetting righteousness at the sight of profit can't be a big deal." It means that the desire for quick success can't achieve the goal, and the desire for small interests can't achieve great things. There are two main points in Confucius' sentence: the first point is that you can't do things quickly. As the saying goes, "You can't eat hot tofu in a hurry" and "You can't get fat in one bite, but you can't cross the horizon in one step". The second point is not to get quick success and instant benefit, but to take care of a century-old plan. "Burning forest to cultivate land, exhausting the resources and fishing" is a typical example that only pays attention to immediate interests and lacks long-term consideration.
4. Confucius emphasized "faith" ... Try to talk about the principle of "faith" with the following two materials.
Tip: Confucius said that people must be honest, which is in the general sense, not to advocate "faith" unconditionally. Confucius stresses honesty on the premise of not violating morality. Therefore, we can't understand Confucius's "faith" as a general "words must be done, and actions must be fruitful." According to Confucius and Mencius, a man of noble character does not necessarily "keep his word". Confucius said: "Words must be done, and actions must be fruitful. That's what I mean!" (The Analects of Confucius Lutz) That is to say, words must be kept, and actions must be fruitful. This is a villain who only knows how to carry out his words and deeds without asking right and wrong! Mencius said, "My Lord, you don't have to believe what you say or what you do. What you believe is what you mean." According to Confucius, Gong Shu's rebellion is a kind of helpless performance, so although he promised the Pu people not to defend their country in order to get away, he finally went to the countryside and told them about the rebellion. Wei Linggong asked Confucius: Can Pu become a place of crusade? Confucius replied: Yes. Gong Ling said: My doctor thinks that the crusade is impossible, because Pu is now a barrier to Jin Chu. I'm afraid it is impossible to attack with our patriotic army. Confucius said: Pudong men have the determination to swear allegiance to the country, while women have the desire to defend the land of Xihe River. I'm just talking about four or five leading rebels.
5. What do you think of "When you are cold, you will know that the pine and cypress will carve later" and "My son said in Sichuan"?
Reference:
Comment on the sentence "You will know that pine and cypress will carve after you when you are cold";
The meaning is beyond words, and there is infinite emotion.
Don't say "not engraved", say "later engraved", and the words should be directly considered. (four book reviews)
Comments on Free Sichuan Last Month and Other Chapters
Heaven and earth change, the past has passed, the new has continued, and there is no rest. This is the nature of Tao. However, it can be pointed and easy to see, such as a stream. Therefore, I send it here to show people that I hope scholars will check it from time to time without any loss. Cheng Zi said, "This Taoist wind is also. There is no way out for heaven, and there is no way out for cold water. Things are born without poverty, and they are all with the Tao, and they are transported day and night. It is a gentleman's law, constantly striving for self-improvement. But also pure. " ..... silly press: from now on to the end of the article, encourage everyone to learn. Song Zhuxi notes "The Analects of Confucius")
Or ask: "Confucius said in Sichuan:' The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night!'" ""Yue: "In ancient times, it was said that I sighed when I saw a stream. Generally speaking, the endless substrate in the past and the endless fate of Judah also warned scholars to be so endless. The heart of a saint is' clean and boundless', so I see it. "(Song Li jingde, editor. "Zhuzi", volume 36).
The Analects of Confucius describes the style of Taoism, only pointing and chanting, without saying much. Such as "Confucius said Chuanjiang:' The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night!'" ""In Sichuan, the road has been busy splashing water. For example, "Ersanzi treats me as a hermit?" I have nothing to hide. If I do nothing and don't work with my two or three sons, it will be Ye Qiu. "As long as you act as a guide, those who have nothing and nothing in a lively way will see it." What are you talking about? When you are at four o'clock, everything is born. What is the sky saying? "Sigh, the popularity, the wrong person complacent. It is really good to describe the Taoist style. Post-Confucianism focuses on subtlety, but we should think in language.
Teaching objectives of the third lesson "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing";
1. Understand and apply famous aphorisms about learning, politics and being a man, and further cultivate the reading ability of classical Chinese.
2. Combine students' life experiences and relevant situations, and try to make students understand Confucius' wisdom of survival.
Key points: Understand and apply famous aphorisms about learning, politics and being a man, and further cultivate the reading ability of classical Chinese.
Difficulties: Combining students' life experiences and related situations, try to make students understand Confucius' wisdom of survival.
Teaching methods:
1, chanting, repeating
2. Inspired inquiry type
Teaching process:
First, import
Second, read aloud
1, pronunciation
Step 2 explain the words
3. Students read aloud
4. Teacher's modification
5, chanting in unison
Third, explore:
1, students look at the translation, find out which one they like best, and talk about the reasons.
2. Students speak and teachers and students comment.
Fourth, summary.
The verb (abbreviation of verb) is extended: "Half of the Analects of Confucius rules the world", and pearls are everywhere in the book. Please talk about it and share it with everyone.
6. Homework: Take 1 to 2 in the 12 quotation of this article as the material, and actively write a short essay of about 300 words.
Blackboard design:
It's important to know your limitations.
Admitting a mistake is half corrected; Correct mistakes as soon as you know them.
Be strict with yourself and be lenient with others.
Confucius' survival wisdom is haste makes waste, and he should make long-term plans.
People should keep their promises.
People need to be honed.
Know how to cherish time