On April 12th, Beijing Daily Theory Weekly published an article by Qian Xuesen, a professor at China Renmin University, introducing Qian Xuesen's "Dacheng Wisdom".
Qian Lao once said, "Human wisdom consists of two parts: quantitative intelligence and sexual intelligence. You can't be wise without one! This is' Dacheng Wisdom'. " What are "quantitative intelligence" and "sexual intelligence"? Qian Lao believes that the knowledge of the ten major scientific and technological departments in the modern scientific and technological system, such as mathematics science, natural science, system science, military science, social science, thinking science, human science, geography science, behavior science and architecture science, is a combination of sexual intelligence and quantitative intelligence, which is mainly manifested as "quantitative intelligence"; Literary creation, literary theory, aesthetics and various literary practice activities are also the combination of sexual intelligence and quantitative intelligence, but they are mainly manifested as "sexual intelligence". "Sexual intelligence" and "quantitative intelligence" are interlinked.
Qian Lao said: "Quantitative intelligence" is mainly science and technology, which means that science and technology always go from part to whole, from quantitative research to qualitative change, and "quantitative" is very important. Of course, science and technology also attach importance to qualitative change caused by quantitative change, so science and technology also have' sexual intelligence', which is also very important. Great scientists must have' sexual intelligence' in particular. Sexual intelligence' is to understand things from the overall feeling, and to understand the world from the' quality'. The theory of traditional Chinese medicine is like this, from "observing, smelling, asking and feeling" to "treating according to syndrome differentiation", but in the end there is also "quantity", and the medication is quantitative.
Regarding the inseparability of "quantitative intelligence" and "natural intelligence", logical thinking and image thinking, and their role in the process of scientific and artistic creation, Qian Lao analyzed: "From the perspective of thinking science, scientific work always starts with a guess, and then scientific argumentation; In other words, scientific work originates from image thinking and ends with logical thinking. Thinking in images originates from art, so scientific work is art first, then science. On the contrary, artistic work must have a scientific understanding of things before artistic creation. In the past, people always only saw the second half, so science and art were separated, but in fact they could not be separated; Science needs art, and art needs science. "
on December 11th, 21, it was the ninetieth birthday of Qian Xuesen, an outstanding scientist.
"Dacheng Wisdom" is a masterpiece of relevant experience, knowledge and wisdom at all times and at home and abroad, guided by Marxist dialectical materialism, and based on modern information network and man-machine combination.
At present, all countries in the world are stepping up their research on how to train talents to meet the needs of the 21st century as soon as possible. The United States has put forward the "261 Plan", which wants to break the old rules, reorganize teaching materials, and cultivate students' quality through multiple disciplines; Japan plans to spend a lot of money on brain science to reform education and improve national intelligence. Qian Lao advocates that young people should strive to master "great wisdom", which is actually an idea for China's education in the 21st century.
Idea of Dacheng Wisdom Education
Education is the basic cause that Qian Lao attaches great importance to. He believes that China people are smart, diligent and hard-working. As long as they are well organized and led and have certain conditions, there is no high-tech difficulty that cannot be overcome. At present, there are many high-tech talents in China who work all over the world. China's education has also made great progress, but our basic education, from a national perspective, should be said to be still seriously lagging behind. He stressed that it is impossible for education to achieve immediate results. Therefore, we must look forward when formulating educational policies. Innovate educational concepts, update teaching methods, reform educational system and increase educational funds as soon as possible. We should mobilize all experienced and knowledgeable people in the whole society to become teachers or part-time teachers, and try our best to create a relaxed, democratic and superior environment, attract foreign high-tech talents and our overseas students, and pass on the most advanced scientific and technological achievements and the latest practical experience to our next generation.
In the past ten years, Qian Lao has repeatedly designed China's education in the 21st century while collecting the essence of the times and exploring "Dacheng Wisdom". Only in October 1993, Qian Lao wrote a letter to the author, we can see his general vision of future education and his ardent desire to run Dacheng Wisdom Education well. He wrote: "I have been thinking about China's education in the 21st century these days, and my article in 1989 is not enough;" Everyone should graduate from university to become a master, an 18-year-old master, but what kind of master? Now I think it's a master's degree in Dacheng Wisdom. Specifically: ① Familiar with the system of science and technology and Marxist philosophy; (2) the combination of science, engineering, literature and art, with wisdom; (2) familiar with information network, good at using computer to process knowledge. Such people are all-rounders. We went from a great all-rounder in the Western Renaissance to an expert education with separation of science, engineering, literature and art in the mid-19th century. Then go to the education system of combining science and engineering with literature and art in the 194s; Then go to today's budding of the combination of science, engineering and social sciences. In the 21st century, we have returned to the all-rounder like the Western Renaissance. But there is one difference: the all-rounder in the 21st century does not deny the expert, but he, the all-rounder, can transfer from one major to another in about a week's study and exercise. This is the dialectical unity of comprehensiveness and specialization. It can be roughly regarded as the following periods of education: ①8-year compulsory primary education, from 4 to 12 years old, is to lay the foundation. ② The next five years (high school plus university), from the age of 12 to 17, is to complete the study of great wisdom. (3) the next year is an' internship', learning to be an expert in an industry and writing a graduation thesis. Such a master of Dacheng Wisdom can enter any job. If he is not good at it, he can become an expert in a week. In the future, if the work needs it, there will be no difficulty in changing careers. Of course, he can also pursue further studies as a doctor, which is mainly to engage in scientific and technological research and expand the field of knowledge. What do you think of this bold idea? A new' Renaissance'! "
dialectical unity of all-round and specialized
A remarkable feature of Dacheng wisdom education is to make full use of the advantages of information network and the combination of man and machine to complement each other, so that people can continuously obtain extensive and fresh knowledge, information and wisdom in time, thus cultivating innovative ability. However, the combination of man and machine is not for anyone. The key lies in the intelligence and quality of the person. Because, on the one hand, the software and hardware of microelectronics information technology such as computer, multimedia and spiritual realm are gradually improving to intelligence; The appearance of nanotechnology will make the research and development of computers enter the molecular and atomic level; Artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering, computer simulation and other technologies have developed rapidly. They are good at dealing with things that can be formalized, digitized, or understood and solved by using formal logic reasoning. Through the internet, the amount of information that can be stored, mobilized, retrieved and transmitted is like the sea and the speed is like light. Its calculation and operation are hundreds of millions of times faster than the human brain, and it is very accurate. This amazing high performance is unprecedented.
However, on the other hand, computer, multimedia, spiritual realm and other technologies can activate information, for complex things that can only be understood but not expressed, which are difficult to be formalized and digitized, that is, for those things that need to use image thinking or must be flexibly interwoven with image thinking to grasp their key and mechanism, and for some irrational and empirical things that are mixed with human spirit and mechanism.
and the wisdom and quality that it is possible to correctly understand and make decisions on complex things in time are unique to the human brain. Of course, it is not innate, it depends on great scientific spirit and lofty moral character, long-term exercise in social practice, effective integration and accumulation of knowledge by people in complementary advantages with computers, that is, it depends on "great wisdom". And this is what computers alone will never be able to catch up with.
Qian Lao's specific requirements for Dacheng's Master of Wisdom reflect the rich connotation of Dacheng's wisdom education. His three requirements are the three levels of thinking structure that Dacheng Master of Wisdom should have:
1. Knowledge level: it is composed of various scientific and technological knowledge, information, experience, feelings (including knowledge and experience that have been included and not included in the system of modern science and technology). It is the most important and basic level in the thinking structure. Without all kinds of knowledge, information, experience, feelings and other elements, there is no thinking. These elements are integrated with the information network of man-machine combination, which stimulate, collide, penetrate and synthesize each other ... It is the premise and foundation for the activity and development of thinking and the soil for cultivating great wisdom. Generally speaking, the more solid, profound, rich and broad the knowledge layer is, the higher its thinking ability and quality may be.
2. Emotional layer: It is composed of people's values, needs, spirit, morality, will, intention, interest and other factors. It is an indispensable driving force and regulation level in the thinking structure. The choice of thinking objects, the motivation of thinking, the efficiency and vitality of thinking, etc. are generally influenced and controlled by them. "Qian Lao believes that" science is the pursuit of truth. " Great scientific spirit, lofty moral character, high patriotic enthusiasm, collectivism and strict organizational discipline are often infinite forces to understand and transform the world. The combination of science, engineering, literature and art will not only have profound knowledge, but also pay equal attention to scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, which will make people show great enthusiasm and power in generate. This is the core of quality education and the soul of wisdom education.
3. Wisdom layer: It is based on the overall integration of knowledge layer and emotion layer. It is composed of materialistic and dialectical world outlook, outlook on life, methodology, way of thinking, modern science and technology system view, open complex giant system view, great wisdom project combining man and machine, etc. It is the most profound, complex and philosophical level in the thinking structure. The requirements for the construction of this level are mainly to "unify philosophy with science and technology", to combine science with art, to combine logical thinking with image thinking, and to use all kinds of scientific and technological knowledge and experience flexibly and effectively. In this way, it is possible to truly integrate the knowledge of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, gain great wisdom and creative inspiration, and explore and innovate.
In short, Qian Lao's three requirements for Dacheng's Master of Wisdom are to adopt a variety of educational methods to cultivate young people's thinking structure and connotation with great wisdom and virtue, and to provide a broad and scientific world for young people's unrestrained thinking. With such a master's degree with ideological and cultural foundation, they can enter any professional work without any difficulty. They are all-rounders, experts and talents with dialectical unity of all-round and specialized.
A new "Renaissance"
The 14th-16th century Renaissance in Europe was also a great renaissance of science. It liberates people from thousands of years of feudal shackles and theological shackles, and makes people know the world and people themselves again. Therefore, giving people endless strength and courage has opened up a broad future for the display of human talents and wisdom. Engels said: "This is the greatest and progressive change that mankind has never experienced. It is an era that needs giants and produces giants-giants in terms of thinking ability, enthusiasm and personality, versatility and erudition."
These great men of the Renaissance are both experts in a certain field and all-rounders. For example, Leonardo da Vinci is not only a great artist, but also an outstanding scientist. He consciously combines scientific understanding with artistic imagination. Bruno is not only an astronomer who dares to pursue truth, but also dares to challenge theology with science and unify scientific theory with advanced philosophical thought. They are all great generalists with extensive knowledge and profound thoughts.
in the following 3 years, due to the in-depth development of science and technology and the influence of metaphysical thinking mode, the separation of science, engineering, literature and art was very popular. Until the middle of the 2th century, due to the development of large-scale industrial production and military science and technology, talents combining science with engineering began to be in great demand. Today, on the one hand, modern science and technology are highly divided, on the other hand, they are highly integrated. Mathematics, natural science and technology, economy, society, military, geography, architecture, literature, art, sports and other disciplines are closely intertwined, promoting each other and developing with each other at a rapid pace. The demand for talents is also changeable and multifaceted. Therefore, today's education is bound to combine science, engineering, social science and literature. Cultivating all-rounders who meet the needs of the 21st century, of course, does not deny that experts are all-round, expert and full of great wisdom. This is the educational goal envisioned by Qian Lao, which is "a new' Renaissance'!"
it is a worldwide problem to uncover the mystery of wisdom. How to cultivate intelligent and creative talents is a hot spot in the world today, and each has its own unique tricks. For many years, Qian Lao has always advocated that education should make students develop morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically and laboriously. Gradually implement Dacheng wisdom education. It also emphasizes the use of high technology, especially information technology, to promote the reform of education system, education methods and even education content, to carry out audio-visual education and network education, and to form an educational system project combining man and machine. Let people learn more, learn better and learn more easily.
He once said: "The main influence of the information revolution is that it liberates the human brain from the heavy work of memorizing a large number of observed facts. Once upon a time, there was a word called' Haoshou Poor Classics', which meant studying for a lifetime to learn the knowledge and experience of predecessors. It's not necessary now. It's all in the computer. As long as you learn how to operate it, just look it up. How to check? Then use the science and technology system we used to talk about, and look for it according to this system. This set of things has two inspirations: first, there has been a saying of cultivating' prodigies' since ancient times, but on the issue of how to cultivate them, they have different opinions and have not found an effective way. Today, with the information revolution, there is an operable route to cultivate' prodigies', which is what I call Dacheng wisdom education. The second is the social change of production. In the past, manual labor was the main part of human social production, and mental labor accounted for a small proportion, even in capitalist society. One of the changes brought about by the information revolution is that manual labor will gradually decrease, while mental labor will gradually increase, accounting for more than manual labor. Even people who do manual labor should have mental labor. Therefore, the focus of human labor will shift from manual labor to mental labor. Due to the development of society and the improvement of people's lives, such social conditions can also be provided. It can be seen that this great wisdom we are engaged in today is not only a science, but also a great revolution. "
Qian Lao, who is 9 years old, still loves his motherland and people as deeply as he did when he was young, and has devoted all his wisdom and energy to it. The research and exploration of "Dacheng Wisdom" is a great event in his mind. He longs for a strong motherland and wishes the people of the world happiness. He said with great pride and expectation: "I think our people China should innovate and make great wisdom and do good things for the world!"