Unit 1 Life Experience
"Qinyuanchun? Changsha
Hundred years liren
* "Life has no name"
Unit 2 Good Feeling
Excerpts from "< Border Town"
silk tree
* "How do we celebrate Mother's Day?"
Unit 3 Between People and Me
The last ivy leaf
Encounter Hawking
* A bowl of Yangchun noodles
Unit 4 Appreciation of Poetry
Farewell to Cambridge
Snow fell on the land of China.
Mast ship
* Earth, my mother
* The development and laws of China's ancient novels.
Unit 6 Appreciation of Poetry
Promote weaving
Xiangling studies poetry.
* "Heroes will be recruited in Jiang Gan"
* "Windson Snow Mountain Temple"
* The development and laws of China's ancient novels.
Senior one (below) textbook catalogue:
Lao Wang
necklace
When the stove girl
Recall Mr. Lu Xun
Xiaoping, go well.
Beethoven's Centennial Celebration
Speech at Marx's Tomb
In memory of forgetting
I have a dream.
oh! sweet snow
Metamorphosis (1)
Two mini-novels in Berlin and Out of the Desert.
Comments on "Medicine"
On the Ah Fang Palace
Four poems (going to the Phoenix Tower in Nanjing) Li Bai, Klang Ganzhou Liu Yong, Shui? Deng Jiankang's Shang Xin Ge Xin Qiji's Deng Kuaige Huang Tingjian)
Ji Xiang Xuan zhi
Huangzhou kuaizai pavilion
A poem for Jiao Zhongqing's wife.
Climb Mount Tianmu in my dream.
Three Rhymes (Lu You's Book Wrath, Du Fu's Climbing the Building, and Wang Wei's Zhong Nanshan)
Three quatrains (joining the army (4), Wang Changling, Guo Huaqing Palace (1), Du Mu, Qu (1) and Lu Lun)
Unit 5 Trees and Flowers
The Book of Songs? Qin Feng? Jia Jian
Biography of planting trees and camels
Sick plum restaurant
* Two poems (Zuo Si's Ode to an Epic and Tao Yuanming's Drinking)
(A) the theme of modern literature
We should closely follow the nine words of "knowing the whole picture, grasping its main idea and rationalizing its thinking" to do a good job in reading modern Chinese in the college entrance examination.
1, know the whole picture
"Knowing the whole picture" means focusing on the whole article, paying attention to clarifying the internal relations, guiding the article from a macro perspective and understanding the main contents of the article. In other words, to "read as a whole", browse once or twice, and understand the theme of the article and the object of writing, this is a very critical link, and it is also easy to ignore. This step should be good at "using", that is, using the title and source of the paragraph, but also depending on the author, writing time and comments after the article. In particular, it is necessary to browse what questions are asked later, guess the main idea of the article from the options of the topic, and clarify the author's main writing intention, so as to know fairly well and solve the problem. At the same time, we should be good at using the first enclosed sentence, summary sentence, turning sentence and key sentence of a paragraph, with the help of frequently appearing words and important related words. In particular, we should pay attention to separating the viewpoint from the material and see where the material is used by the author. When these materials are put aside, opinions come out. If you grasp these opinions, you will grasp the core of the paragraph.
For example, in 2004, the Beijing College Entrance Examination 2 1 was short: "(1) What is Pushkin's unique painting state? (2) Why does the author emphasize the phenomenon of free mixing of literature and pictures? Pushkin is the only one who is not in China. To answer this question correctly, we must read through the full text and search for information from the full text according to the requirements of the proposition. Throughout the whole article, this article describes that literary masters are good at painting and talk about the differences between the East and the West, which is an artistic phenomenon worthy of in-depth study. Pushkin's painting is inspired by poetry, which is another expression of the manuscript. Tolstoy believed that Pushkin "used the idea of poetry" and "used the idea of painting". According to these contents, the unique mood of Pushkin's paintings can be summarized. For example, you can answer "I have a strong desire for poetry and painting", you can answer "I use poetry and painting at the same time", you can answer "I inspire painting with poetry" and so on. According to the penultimate paragraph of the article, the second question can be answered. Generally speaking, the author should emphasize the cultural differences between the East and the West-the tools and materials of ancient oriental writing and painting are not very different, while those of western writing and painting are different; Western painting has another set of training methods and painting theory; The west emphasizes analysis and classification, does not advocate omnipotence, and pays little attention to analogy, which makes it difficult for various arts to cross barriers. The author believes that advocating crossing this barrier is conducive to giving full play to human potential.
Step 2 get to the point
The article is an organic whole. If you don't pay attention to the whole article and have no sense of overall grasp, the result can only be half the effort, or even in vain. Therefore, the improvement of reading efficiency depends on whether we can correctly grasp the main idea of the article.
So, how to grasp the main idea of the article? First of all, we should focus on the whole article, pay attention to internal relations, control the article condescendingly from a macro perspective, and understand the main idea of the article. Secondly, it depends on the author of the article, the writing time, the comments after the article and so on. In particular, it is necessary to browse what questions are asked later, guess the main idea of the article from the options of the topic, and clarify the author's main writing intention, so that the problem can be better solved.
In 2004, Sun Li's "Hometown" was selected as a Chinese test paper for the college entrance examination. This is a reminiscence article. The author misses and respects his hometown, but he doesn't want to go back. First, because there are no relatives at home; Second, because there are fewer and fewer elderly people, they don't know anyone below middle age; Third, because the new is emerging, the old will eventually disappear. Question 2 1, item a, "The more I dream of going back to my hometown, the more I know how to miss the mulberry in the evening." These two poems naturally remind people of Li Bai's "Miss the water and never be idle." The theme of this article is homesickness. Both the poems in Item A express the theme of homesickness. So it is correct. Item B: "The article begins with a poem and a dream, full of sincerity, especially the description of my two trips back to my hometown after the' Cultural Revolution', which puts my homesickness in the social background and deepens the theme." The emergence of the "Cultural Revolution" did not deepen this theme. Because the theme is homesickness, how to deepen homesickness? It's incredible. Therefore, item B is incorrect. In the penultimate paragraph of the article, the author said, "This is always a sign that I am … otherwise, I will really be forgotten." The words are meaningful, which mainly shows that the author is afraid of being forgotten by his hometown elders. Item e is contrary to the main idea of this paper and is also detrimental to the author's image. Therefore, item e is incorrect.
Third, rational thinking.
Generally speaking, the reading of information-gathering articles is different from that of specialized research articles, and its purpose is to understand the author's views, opinions, attitudes and feelings. According to the language expression of the article, after reading the article, we must carefully examine the traces of thinking left by the author in the article, and make a comprehensive induction on this basis, so as to reproduce the views, attitudes and feelings of the product person in our own mind.
What needs to be explained here is that clarifying the author's thinking refers to grasping the macro of the article. The purpose of macro-grasping is not to simply analyze the structure of the article, nor to let us memorize the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the article structure, but to train and improve our Chinese practical ability in the process of perceiving the text as a whole.
In 2004, Ji Bolun's "Know Yourself" was selected into the Chinese examination paper of Liaoning College Entrance Examination. This essay is full of love and words, and it contains the philosophy of understanding life. The full text of Know Yourself has nine natural paragraphs. The article begins with "Know yourself". He muttered Socrates' famous words, suddenly stood up from his chair, stretched out his arms and sighed loudly. "Yes! I must know myself and gain insight into my secret mind, so that I can get rid of all doubts and anxieties and find my spiritual person from my material person ... "The emotional context of this part is" from self-doubt at the beginning to making up my mind to re-recognize my thoughts "; "Yes, my body is flawed, but it should be pointed out that this is the same feature of great thinkers. What is even more strange is that, like Balzac, when reading and writing, the coffee pot must be placed beside him; Like Tolstoy, I am willing to talk to vulgar people ... "The emotional context of this part is" to find myself in comparison with the appearance characteristics of celebrities "; At the end of the article, "Yes, I know myself, and the gods know me." Ah! Long live my soul! Long live the self! This part of the emotional context is "finally gain confidence and identify with yourself"
Clear the train of thought of the article, question 18: "Please briefly summarize the process of Syme's' knowing yourself'." We can sum up as follows: "From the initial self-doubt to re-understanding your own ideas, and then find yourself by comparing with the appearance characteristics of celebrities, and finally gain self-confidence and identify with yourself." Question 2 1: "Please briefly evaluate the image of Syme." We can also conclude that Saim is a person who is addicted to fantasy, lacks motivation and seeks spiritual satisfaction in fantasy.
As the saying goes, sharpening a knife does not miss the woodcutter. Perceive the whole picture of the article, grasp the main idea of the whole article, sort out the context of the article, and then answer the questions behind the article, just like riding the wind and waves, get twice the result with half the effort. If you don't work hard in this respect, skim the article and rush to answer the following questions, the result is haste makes waste, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also easy to answer wrong.
(B) Modern writing skills
narrate
1, human determination:
First, second and third person. The second person says that it is rarely used, which is generally convenient for direct lyric and brings readers closer.
2 center induction:
Express (thoughts and feelings) through (what people do)
3 Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
4 The role of scenery writing: (1) Renders the atmosphere and sets off the emotions of the characters. (2) Describe the scenery and express feelings. (3) promoting the development of the plot
Five narrative elements:
The person, time, place, cause, process and result of the event.
6 narrative clues: pay attention to emotional lines
7 detail handling: detail handling is to highlight the center.
Expression: narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism.
(1) Narrative is mainly narrative and description, and discussion often sublimates the theme.
(2) Pay attention to description: the method and function of character description: appearance, language, movement and psychology reveal the character characteristics of characters.
Social environment and natural environment.
9. Expression skills:
Contrast, contrast, contrast,
Look at the scenery (things), support the ambition with things, and want to be promoted first. (Lenovo, imagination) The emotion in the scene is integrated into the scene.
10, Chinese appreciation
If you test the function of a sentence, you must first understand the function of the structure.
Secondly, pay attention to the analysis of content.
Methods: Look at the description of people or scenery, and then make a concrete analysis.
From verbs, adjectives, rhetoric, easy-to-understand language,
Humorous point of view.
Especially the excavation of deep meaning.
(1) Common rhetoric:
Metaphor and personification.
Exaggeration: Express some thoughts and feelings.
Rhetorical question: strengthen intonation, emphasize
Question: arouse the reader's attention and thinking, and deepen the impression.
Parallelism: strong sense of rhythm and momentum, enhancing the appeal of the article.
Repetition: emphasize a certain meaning and highlight a certain feeling.
Duality: the structure is relative and the sentence pattern is neat.
(2) Look at the function of sentence structure:
Transition (summarizing the above, causing the below, connecting the front and the bottom)
Foreshadowing, bedding, caring, comparison
Explanatory genre
First, explain the objects and features.
Second, the order of interpretation: time, space and logic
Third, interpretation methods: examples, metaphors, numbers.
Definition, classification and comparison.
Pay attention to the role of explanation methods.
4. Describe the structure: total score, total score, total score, juxtaposition and progression.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) describes language:
Functions, paragraphs and sentences of 1
Start (1), structure: explain the description object and lead out the description object.
(2) Contents: Add some contents.
Intermediate (1), Structure: Transition or not
(2) Content: Analysis from the methods and objects of interpretation.
End (1), Structure: Any reference?
(2) Content: Summary.
2. Which sentences can reflect the characteristics of expository language, and make a concrete analysis.
3. Can some words be deleted?
Argumentative writing
First, argument: the author's point of view or opinion.
* 1 must be a judgment sentence.
2 where the parameter appears
* appears at the beginning
* appear in the middle
* appears at the end
* appears in the title
* To sum up.
Second, argument
Factualism: ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, aspects, advantages and disadvantages (for example)
Theoretical argument: 1, quoting famous words (direct quotation, indirect quotation)
2. Author's analysis
No matter what kind of argument it is, its function is only one: to prove the central argument/sub-argument.
Third, argument
1 Demonstration methods: demonstration with examples, comparison, metaphor, truth and quotation. (principle from "big" to "small")
2 Demonstration method: demonstration and refutation.
3 The basic idea of argumentation: raising questions-analyzing problems-solving problems.
4 Refutation method: refutation point, refutation basis and refutation argument.
Fourthly, analyzing argumentative writing: the function of paragraphs and sentences.
Put forward an argument or topic.
Prove an argument
Chinese: Is it a transition?
Analyze the relationship between arguments and arguments.
Conclusion: Do you refer to induction?
5 the structure of the argument:
Total score, total score, total score, total score, step by step (progressive)
V. Some questions:
1. What is discussed in the article?
Method: Find some arguments.
2. Supplementary argument (1) Theoretical argument
-it is best to quote famous sayings or analyze them yourself.
(2) factual arguments-give examples of celebrities. If it is really not good, give examples yourself.
(Celebrity first)
Six, some names:
Skills-writing and expression.
Decorative rhetoric