Ieoh Ming Pei (1917-), a Chinese-American architect, was born in Guangzhou on April 26th, 1917. His ancestors were prominent families in Suzhou, and he spent a period of childhood in the Lion Grove in Suzhou Garden owned by his family. His father is Bei Zuyi, one of the founders of Bank of China. He came to Shanghai with his father at the age of 1 and went to the United States at the age of 18. He studied architecture at MIT and Harvard University successively, established an architectural firm in 1955 and retired in 199.

Style

As the last "master" of modernist architecture, he was described as an architect who paid attention to abstract forms. His favorite materials include stone, concrete, glass and steel.

As one of the most successful architects in the 2th century, I.M. Pei designed a large number of landmark buildings. I.M. Pei is a practical architect with many works and few treatises. The influence of his work on architectural theory is basically limited to his works.

Introduction

I.M. Pei was born in Guangzhou on April 26th, 1917. In 1918, his father became the general manager of China Bank Hong Kong Branch, and Bayes spent his childhood in Hong Kong. In 1927, my father transferred his job and moved his family to Shanghai. He attended Shanghai Youth Annual Meeting Middle School in junior high school, graduated from the middle school affiliated to St. John's University in senior high school, and later went to the University of Pennsylvania to study. Because he thought he had no talent for drawing, he switched to Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. Berlusconi buried himself in the library and tried to absorb the information related to modern European architecture. Kirby's works were his favorite, and the sculptural nature of his works in the future was deeply influenced by Kirby. Graduated in 1939.

Mr. I.M. Pei, an American Chinese, together with Zhao Wuji, a French Chinese painter, and Zhou Wenzhong, an American Chinese composer, are regarded as the "three treasures of art" of overseas Chinese. Some people may say that architecture is a science, why is it juxtaposed with art? However, people in the world of architecture know that I.M. Pei is not only an outstanding architectural scientist, but also built many magnificent palaces with pens and rulers. He is an extremely idealistic architectural artist, who is good at combining ancient traditional architectural art with the latest modern technology to create his own unique style. I.M. Pei himself said: "Although architecture and art are different, they are essentially the same, and my goal is to seek the harmony and unity of them." Facts have proved that the persistent pursuit of architectural art is an important aspect of his career success.

I.M. Pei was born in Guangzhou on April 26th, 1917. His ancestors were Suzhou nobles, and his father, Bei Zuyi, was the governor of China Bank. In 1919, I.M. Pei went to Hong Kong to establish the Hong Kong branch of China Bank. Therefore, I spent my childhood in Hong Kong, studying in St. Paul's primary school. After 1927, I returned to Shanghai to study in middle school, and later studied at St. John's University in Shanghai. In 1935, he traveled across the ocean to study in the United States. His father had hoped that he would study finance in Britain, but he did not obey his father's orders, but entered Pennsylvania State University to study architecture according to his own hobbies.

it's also an accident why he is interested in architecture. When he was studying in Shanghai, he often went to a billiards hall to play billiards on weekends. A tallest hotel in Shanghai at that time was being built near the billiards hall. This aroused his curiosity: how can people have the ability to build such a tall building, from which he had the ideal of learning architecture.

However, I.M. Pei was greatly disappointed by the teaching method of explaining classical architectural theory with pictures in the University of Pennsylvania. He transferred to MIT, graduated with honors in 1939, and won an award from the American Institute of Architects. After the outbreak of World War II, he served in the US Air Force for three years, retired in 1944, and entered Harvard University, a famous institution of higher learning, to pursue a master's degree. After studying in 1945, he stayed in school and was employed as an assistant professor at the Design Institute.

It was in 1948 that I.M. Pei entered the practical field of architecture from a purely academic ivory tower. This year, William, a wealthy real estate developer with great vision and courage in new york? Chai Gendoff broke the convention of American architecture and hired I.M. Pei from China as an architect for the first time as the founder of Weber? Director of architectural research department of knapp construction company. Chai Gendoff and I.M. Pei, one is an experienced, eloquent and extremely intelligent real estate builder, and the other is an architect with expertise and great creativity. The two people cooperate and complement each other, and they are ideal partners in their careers. They worked together for twelve years. In the past 12 years, I.M. Pei has designed many commercial and residential buildings for Chai Gendoff's real estate company, and also made many social reconstruction plans. In the meantime, I.M. Pei also designed a science building for his alma mater, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and two residential buildings for faculty and staff for new york University. All these made I.M. Pei make his first appearance in American architecture, and laid the foundation for his career in the following decades.

In 196, I.M. Pei left Chaigendorf and set up his own construction company.

in architectural design, he is most praised for caring for the interests of civilians. He has designed many popular apartments in new york, Philadelphia, Cleveland and Chicago, which are both aesthetically pleasing and economical. The three-story social apartment he designed in Philadelphia is very popular with the working class. Therefore, Rice University in Philadelphia awarded him the honorary title of "People's Architect" in 1963. In the same year, the American Architectural Society awarded him the new york Honorary Award. Washington post called his architectural design an urban plan that really serves the people.

As the business of his construction company is booming, the main force of his design has gradually shifted from the urban reconstruction and reconstruction plan to the design of giant public buildings. The National Center for Atmospheric Research, which was built in the mountains of Colorado in the 196s, can be said to be the beginning of his design of public buildings. The Center was founded in 1961 and completed in 1967. Its shape is simple and vigorous, and the tower-like roof makes the building itself like a towering mountain peak, which is in harmony with the surrounding environment. American Newsweek once published its photos, calling Pei Ming's design a "breakthrough design".

In his early works, there was a shadow of Miss Smith, but unlike Miss Smith, she used glass as the main building material, and she used concrete, such as Franklin National Bank of new york, Zhenxin Square residential area and Hawaiian East-West Cultural Center. In the middle period, after years of experience, Bayes fully mastered the properties of concrete, and his works tended to be Kirby's Italian sculpture, among which the National Center for Atmospheric Research and Dallas City Hall were all classics in this field. The Kennedy Memorial Library is the origin of Bayes' breaking away from the Mies style, and the geometric plane replaces the well-behaved square box and transforms into a sculptural shape. Later, he had the opportunity to be the exclusive architect of Chisholm Weiner Company and engage in large-scale urban construction projects. From these development projects, he gained valuable experience in land use, which made his architectural design not only consider the building itself, but also care about the environment to the level of urban design, focusing on creating community awareness and community space. Among them, the most popular case is the Social Ridge residential community in Philadelphia, and the cases they accepted were mainly office buildings and assembly houses. Later, with the agreement of Qi's Group, Bayes reorganized the construction department into Pei Ming Architects' Office in 1955 and began to practice independently. The office worked on 114 design cases, 66 of which were in the charge of Bayes.

The architecture integrates the natural concept of space, leading Bayes' life works, such as National Center for Atmospheric Research, Iversen Art Museum, Sculpture Museum of Demoy Art Center and Johnson Art Museum of Cornell University. The similarity of these works is the inner court, which connects the inner and outer space in series, so that nature can be integrated into the building. In the late period, the inner court is still one of the indispensable elements of Bayes' works, and the curtain pays more attention to the input of natural light, making the inner court a light court, such as the Changchun Hall of Xiangshan Hotel, the entrance hall of new york Armenco IBM Company, the atrium of China Bank in Hong Kong, the Guggenheim Pavilion of new york Sainai Hospital, the glass pyramid of the Louvre in Paris and the creative artist economic center of Beverly Hills. The combination of light and space makes the space change endlessly. "Let the light design" is Bayes' famous saying.

As a master of modernist architecture, Bayes' buildings have always adhered to the tradition of modern architecture for more than 4 years. Bayes firmly believes that architecture is not a popular fashion, and it is impossible to play tricks to please people all the time. Architecture is a great undertaking for a thousand years and should be responsible for social history. He continued to study and discuss form, space, building materials and technology, making his works more diverse and excellent. He never argued for his own design, never wrote his own works to explain and analyze the concept, and he thought that the building itself was the best declaration. The important awards that Bayes personally won include the gold medal of American Architectural Society in 1979, the gold medal of French Architecture in 1981, the Japanese Imperial Award in 1989, the fifth Pritzker Award in 1983, and the Medal of Freedom awarded by President Reagan in 1998.

Chronology of I.M. Pei's architectural works:

1956-1963 Lusiyi Church, Donghai University,

1961-1967 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Taichung City, Taiwan Province,

1962-Place Ville-Marie, Colorado,

1968-1974. Boston, Massachusetts

1968-Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York

1969-Cleo Rogers Memorial Library, Columbus, Indiana

1969-1975 John Hancock Center, Chicago, Illinois

1971-Harbor Towers

1972-Dallas City Hall, Dallas, Texas, USA

1973-Johnson Art Museum, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

1974-1978 National Art Museum East Hall, Washington

1976-Wilson Common, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York: The new york Times was selected as the top ten university student activity center building in the United States at that time

1977-Hancock Building, Boston, Massachusetts

At that time, the all-glass curtain wall building with the largest single glass area, because the technology of the glass curtain wall was not mature at that time, there was an accident of glass falling off at the early stage of the building, which was solved by technical improvement.

1978-1982 Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, Indiana

1979-1986 Javits Convention Center, new york, New York

1981-JP Morgan Building, Houston, Texas

1982-Xiangshan Hotel, Beijing, China

This hotel was established by foreign architects after China's reform and opening up.

from p>1982 to 199, the Bank of China Tower, the tallest building in Hong Kong

At that time, its construction area was twice that of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation designed by norman foster, but its cost was not one fifth.

1985-Wiesner Building, Boston, Massachusetts, MIT Media Lab

1989-Louvre expansion project, one of the top ten projects in Paris to commemorate the 2th anniversary of the French Revolution, and the only project commissioned by French President Mitterrand himself without bidding competition.

199-Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin, Germany

1995-China Bank Head Office, Beijing

1996-1997, Miho Museum, Kaga City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan

1998-Rock Music Hall of Fame. Cleveland, Ohio

22-Suzhou Museum, Suzhou, China

24-China Embassy in the United States, Washington, D.C.

26-Macau Science Museum, Macau, China

/i? tn=baiduimage& ct=21326592& lm=-1& cl=2& word=%B1%B4%ED%B2%C3%FA& t=3