Audio language is the most important means of expression in speech activities. It consists of two elements: language and sound. It carries thoughts and emotions with flowing voice, and directly appeals to the hearing organs of the audience. It requires clear and accurate pronunciation, clear, round and sweet voice, and changeable timbre, intonation, voice and rhythm.
Body language is the speaker's posture, movements, gestures and expressions. It is a flowing body movement, supplemented by audio language, carrying thoughts and feelings and directly appealing to the audience's visual organs. It requires accuracy, vividness, naturalness and coordination.
The subject image refers to the speaker's figure, appearance, clothes, hairstyle and manners. The beauty and ugliness of the subject image directly affect the expression of the speaker's thoughts and feelings. It requires the speaker to pay attention to simple and decent decoration, chic and elegant manners, and give the audience a beautiful external image on the premise of conforming to the thoughts and feelings of the speech.
It must be pointed out that if the speech only "speaks" without "acting" and only acts on the audience's auditory organs without acting on the audience's visual organs, there will be a lack of moving subject images and performance activities; If there is only "performance" without "speaking", it only acts on the audience's organs, not on the audience's hearing organs. Therefore, both are indispensable and complement each other. However, the harmony between acting and speaking must be based on speaking, supplemented by acting, and acting must be based on speaking, otherwise it will lose its meaning. Now, the essence of speech can be defined as a realistic information exchange activity in which the speaker expresses his views and emotions in a specific situation, aiming at the reality and future of society, facing the broad audience and using the artistic means of audio language and body language to inspire the audience and urge them to act.
So, what are the characteristics of the speech?
The first is its reality. This is because speech belongs to the category of real activities. Does not belong to the category of artistic activities. It is a practical activity in which the speaker directly publicly states his views and opinions to a wide audience through the judgment and evaluation of social reality.
The second is artistry. The artistry here is the art of real activities. Its artistry is the art of real activities. Its artistry lies in its sense of unity and coordination, that is, various factors in speech (language, voice, performance, image, time and environment) form an interdependent and coordinated aesthetic feeling. At the same time, speech is not only a real activity, but also has some characteristics of drama, folk art, dance, sculpture and other art categories, and is integrated with speech to form a speech activity with independent characteristics. Ina Fan Wenwang
The third is its agitation. If there is no agitation, it is not a speech. No matter whether it is a political speech or an academic speech, there must be strong agitation. This is because; First, all honest people have a desire to pursue truth, goodness and beauty. When the speaker spreads truth, goodness and beauty, it will naturally arouse * * * and inspire and inspire the audience. Second, the speaker uses his fiery feelings to trigger the emotional fire of the audience, which is easy to achieve the purpose of influencing the audience. Third, the image, language, emotion and posture of the speaker, as well as the structure, rhythm and plot of his speech can capture the audience. Fourth, the intuition of the speech makes it communicate directly with the audience, which is very easy to infect and impress the audience. It can be said that excitement is a sign of the success of the speech.
The fourth is its instrumentality. Speech is not only a science, but also a tool for people to exchange ideas. Any thought, any knowledge, any invention and creation can be spread through words. It can be said that pronunciation is the most economical, practical and convenient communication tool that anyone can use.
Above, we talked about the essence and characteristics of the speech. In actual speech activities, there are two tendencies that deserve attention. First, some speakers only "talk" but not "do", only pay attention to the practicality of the speech and ignore the artistry of the speech, which makes the speech nondescript and boring, thus weakening the effect of the speech. Second, some speakers blindly "perform" excessively, and pursue artistic performance skills such as cross talk, storytelling, recitation and stories, which downplays the authenticity, practicality and seriousness of the speech and makes it look funny and awkward and fail to play its due role. These two tendencies must be seriously overcome.
Focus on the manuscript
Speech is a practical style. This is the written material of the speech.
So, what is a speech? Speech is an oral language activity to express one's views on a certain issue in front of the public. Its characteristics are: first, it is carried out between people; Second, it has certain timeliness; Third, it is to explain a problem or sort out a problem; Fourth, it has certain agitation and persuasion. Such as speech contest, ceremony speech, conference speech, academic lecture, scientific research report, campaign speech, inaugural speech, court statement, etc. , all have the nature of a speech. The speech is the manuscript of the speech and the basis of the speech. It serves the speech and is the speech material embodied in the text. Speeches have different contents and purposes, and they also have different forms, including reports, explanations, arguments and thanks. Generally speaking, its characteristics can be summarized as follows:
1, the reality of the content
The purpose of the speech is to expound some viewpoints and attitudes. This view and attitude must be closely related to real life. It should discuss the problems that exist in real life and people care about. Its point of view should come from the surrounding life or study, so should the material. It must be true and credible, and it is put forward for discussion in order to solve the problems around us.
2. Emotional persuasion
The purpose and function of a speech is to impress the audience and make them recognize or sympathize with the speaker's views or attitudes. As a speech with a specific purpose, the speech must be persuasive and infectious. Many famous ones. what are you going to do？ Economists are good speakers. They often rely on their excellent speeches. What are you going to do for yourself? Pave the way for struggle.
3. Specific circumstances
Speech serves speech. Different speeches have different purposes, different emotions, different occasions and different audiences, which constitute the scene of the speech. The writing of the speech should adapt to these specific situations.
4. Oral English
The ultimate goal of a speech is to speak, so it is spoken and written. So the speech should be catchy and catchy. On the one hand, it turns oral language into written language, that is, it turns sound into words, which plays a role in standardizing words and helping speeches; On the other hand, the speech draft should transform the more formal and serious written language into easy-to-hear and easy-to-understand spoken language, so as to make a good speech. At the same time, the language of the speech should adapt to the speaker's speech habits and be consistent with the speaker's natural speech rhythm.
What role does the speech play in the speech? Mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) organize the speaker's ideas, prompt the speech content, and limit the speech speed; (2) Guide the audience to better understand the content of the speech; (3) through language learning, improve the expressive force of language and enhance the appeal of language.
Because the speech has the above characteristics and functions, there are certain methods to follow in writing methods.
The structure of the speech. The structure of a speech usually includes three parts: opening remarks, text and ending.
The prologue is an important part of the speech. A good opening speech can firmly grasp the audience's attention and lay the foundation for the success of the whole speech. The usual opening remarks are to clarify the theme, explain the background, ask questions and so on. No matter what kind of opening remarks, the purpose is to let the audience immediately understand the theme of the speech, introduce the text and cause thinking.
The text of the speech is also the main body of the whole speech. The theme must have a key, well-defined and central statement. The hierarchical arrangement of speakers can be arranged in time or spatial order, or in parallel, with positive and negative contrast and gradual deepening. Because the speech materials are expressed orally, in order to facilitate the understanding of the audience, each paragraph should be coherent from top to bottom, with appropriate transition and care between paragraphs.
The end is the end of the speech. It has played a role in deepening the theme. The methods of ending include induction, quotation and rhetorical question. Induction is to summarize the central idea of a speech and emphasize the main points; The law of quotation is to quote famous sayings and aphorisms, sublimate the theme and leave thoughts; Rhetorical method is to arouse the audience's thinking and recognition of the speaker's point of view by asking questions. In addition, the end of the speech can also be ended with words of thanks, outlook and encouragement. In this way, the speech can be naturally wrapped up and left a deep impression on people.
Most speeches, like an argumentative essay, have main points and arguments. It is best to have only one theme in a speech, which is determined by the specific situation and timeliness of the speech. In a limited time, explain a problem or truth to the audience with the help of language and gestures, and at the same time convince the audience to highlight the theme and have a clear point of view when writing a speech.
The theme is selected, and the corresponding materials should be collected for demonstration. The choice of materials should be popular, and choose what most people know and understand, not what is too uncommon and few people know. Because the speech is conducted immediately, the audience has no time to verify or find the content or source of these materials. Therefore, before preparing a speech, we must first understand the audience: who they are, their ideological status, educational level, professional status, what issues they care about, and so on. Mastering the characteristics and psychology of the audience, on this basis, properly selecting and organizing materials is a necessary condition for the success of the speech.
Another special thing to pay attention to when writing a speech is to grasp the rhythm and time of the speech. Every speech has a time limit, from one minute to one or two hours or even one day. The speaker must grasp the speed and content of his speech, and there is still a period of time before the speech is over, and the speaker has nothing to say. Speech plays an extremely important role in grasping the speed and rhythm of speech. When writing, stop from time to time, read aloud at your normal speed, and adjust your speech content according to the result of reading. On the other hand, the content of the speech should be adjusted according to the length of the speech, so that the tone of the whole speech has ups and downs, the rhythm has priorities, the mood has ups and downs, and the ups and downs are moderate.
Finally, the speech should be emotional and the language should be vivid and touching. In the absence of time limit, try to be short and pithy, and stop abruptly before the audience is distracted, with a long aftertaste.