Mencius (about 372-289 BC) was born in Zou, Shandong. Thinkers, politicians and educators in the Warring States period. It is the inheritance and development of Confucianism and is known as "the sage of Asia". Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius, was the most authoritative representative of Confucianism after Confucius in the middle of the Warring States Period. His academic achievements are almost the same as those of Confucius, and people collectively call him "Confucius and Mencius". He once walked on the beam, saying that he would benefit the king and could not use it; I'm here to see Qi Xuanwang. Wang Xuan was very polite to him, but he never used it. So Mencius returned to Confucius and taught his disciples. After the death of Mencius, his disciples Zhang Wan, Gong Sunchou and others recorded his words and deeds as Seven Chapters of Mencius.
Mencius studied under Zi Si (a student who studied under Zi Si), inherited and carried forward Confucius' thoughts, and became a master of Confucianism after Confucius, and was also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Mencius once imitated Confucius and led his disciples to lobby countries. However, it was not accepted by all countries at that time, and he retired to write with his disciples. There are seven pieces of Mencius handed down from ancient times, the titles of which are: Liang Shang Xia; "Gongsun Ugly" up and down; "Teng Wengong" up and down; Li Lou; "Zhang Wan" up and down; "High posture" ups and downs; Up and down "dedication". His theoretical starting point is the theory of good nature, which puts forward "benevolent governance" and "kingly governance" and advocates rule by virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books. From then until the end of Qing Dynasty, "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination. Mencius' article is eloquent, magnificent and good at argumentation.
Mencius' distant ancestor was Shi, an aristocrat of Lu, who moved from Lu to Zou. It is said that Mencius lost his father at the age of three, and Meng Mu worked hard to raise him. Meng Mu is very strict, and his stories of "Meng Mu's Three Movements" and "Breaking the Machine to Teach Children" have become eternal stories, which are models of maternal education in later generations.
Mencius is one of the Confucian classics. The core of Mencius' thought is "benevolence" and "righteousness", and he advocates that "benevolent government" is the development of Confucius' thought. His prose is magnificent, intense and full of agitation; Being good at explaining things with metaphors and debating right and wrong can not only attract people's attention, but also enhance persuasion. The article "I want what I want" embodies these characteristics well.
This article is a lobbying speech of Mencius. It is generally accepted by later generations that Shun, Zhong, Guan Zhong, Sun Shuai and Priscilla are listed as the lower six people in the original text, and then they say, "Heaven has given us a great responsibility, so we must first struggle with our will ...", which is easily reminiscent of the tempering of will, and the last sentence is especially reminiscent of a strong sense of tragedy in adversity.
Mencius is one of the most important representatives of Confucianism, but his position before the Song Dynasty was not very high. Since Han Yu wrote The Original Road in the mid-Tang Dynasty and listed Mencius as the only figure in pre-Qin Confucianism who inherited Confucian orthodoxy, there has been an "upgrading movement" of Mencius, and the status of Mencius and his works has gradually risen. Song Shenzong Xining four years (107 1), Mencius was included in the imperial examination for the first time. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), Mencius was officially named "Zou Guogong" for the first time, and he was allowed to enjoy the Confucius Temple the following year. Later, Mencius was promoted to a Confucian classic. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu combined Mencius with The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean into four books, and their actual status was even higher than that of the Five Classics. From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Shun Dynasty (1330), Mencius was named "Asian Saint" and later called "Asian Saint", ranking second only to Confucius. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang edited the Mencius Festival, and deleted some chapters and sentences in Mencius, such as "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least", and "a thief is called a husband, but he has never heard of killing a gentleman".
[Edit this paragraph] Original text
Born in sorrow and died in happiness-Luo provided
Be born at hardship, die at peace and happiness
Shun was born in mu, Fu Shuo was born in the middle of the building, and the glue was in fish and salt. Guan Yi I was a scholar, Sun Shuai was in the sea, and a hundred miles was in the city.
Therefore, the day is about to drop, so (Sri Lanka) people must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, their bodies and skins, and their actions. Therefore, patience has benefited them a lot.
People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. In this way, you will know that sorrow is enough to make people live and pleasure is enough to make people die.
[Edit this paragraph] Note
(1) is selected from Notes to Four Books, the title of which was added by the author, surnamed Gao, a student of Mencius, and also taught Confucianism and Mohism. Some excerpts here are entitled "Shunfa Fishes".
(2) Shun (shùn) was born in an acre (Qu n): Shun was ordered by Tian. Shun used to farm in Lishan. At the age of 30, he was used by Yao, and later succeeded him as the king of Yao. From, from, refers to being appointed. Yu, preposition, cong. A ditch in the field, a ditch in the field. Mu, field ridge. "Mu" refers to fields, fields and fields. Shun, the legendary ancient emperor.
(3) Fu Shuo was lifted between buildings: Fu Shuo was lifted to the plasterer who built the wall. Fu Shuo, a native of Shang Dynasty, used to be a plasterer of Yan Fu, building walls for people. Wu Ding, the king of Yin, paid him a visit and took him as a photograph. Promote, be used, be chosen. Board building, when building a wall, put the soil between two plywood and tamp it with a pestle. Plywood for wall-beating. A pestle used to build and tamp soil.
(4) gé was lifted in fish salt: gé was lifted from a vendor selling fish salt. The sage of Shang Dynasty, who sold fish and salt at first, recommended him to Zhou. Later, he assisted Zhou Wuwang. Yu, preposition, cong.
(5) Guan Yiwu was promoted to a scholar: Guan Yiwu was released from prison as an official and was hired. Guan Zhong (Yi Wu) was originally a minister of Qi Gong Zi Jiu. Xiao Bai (Qi Huangong) and Gong Zijiu competed for the position of the group, but the rectification failed. Guan Zhong was sent back to China as a sinner, and Qi Huangong knew that he was talented, that is, he was a prime minister. Being promoted to a scholar means getting rid of prison officials and getting a job. Sergeant, prison officer. Being promoted to a scholar means being released and appointed from prison officials.
(6) Sun Shuai rose to the sea: Sun Shuai rose to the court from the quiet seaside. Sun Shao, a native of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, lived in seclusion by the sea. Chu Zhuangwang knew he was talented and took him as his wife.
(7) Priscilla was brought up in the city: Priscilla was brought up from the market and took photos. Bai Xixi was a doctor of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. After Yu Wang was captured, he entered Qin and then fled to Chu. Later, Qin Mugong redeemed him with five sheepskins (G incarnation, black ram) and made him a doctor. A city, market, place to do business.
(8) Demotion: assigning a major responsibility or responsibility for governing the country. Health: Give orders. Responsibility, responsibility, mission.
(9) So people also (give great responsibility) to such people. Yes, demonstrative pronoun, this. Also, it is used at the end of the first half sentence to indicate a pause, and the second half sentence will explain.
(10) You have to suffer his heart first: you have to suffer his heart first. Suffer, this adjective is used to create, create ... pain.
(1 1) tired his bones and muscles: tired his bones and muscles. Tired of work, manufacturing ... Its pronoun, his.
(12) starve his body and skin: it means to make him suffer from hunger and make his skin thinner. Hunger, use, make ... endure hunger.
(13) Being empty means making him poor. Empty: poverty. Lack: absolutely. This refers to a person suffering from poverty. Weakness: making ... emptiness and weakness, that is, poverty, make ... difficult.
(14) Do something wrong: What he did was upside down. Flip: violation. What you did, what you did. Confusion: To disturb or confuse.
(15) So: use (like this ...).
(16) Endurance: tormenting his mind and making his temperament tough. Move, disturb. Endure, make tough.
(17) Ceng Yi can't do it: increase what he can't do and let him grow his talents. Once, through "increase", increase. Therefore, auxiliary words and "can't" constitute noun phrases, which refer to unreachable objects. No: No talent.
(18) Heng: Often, often.
(19) Over: Error, which means an error here.
(20) Only then can it be changed: only in this way can it be changed later.
(2 1) trapped in the heart: inner troubles. Sleepy, anxious. Yu, preposition, in.
(22) Consideration balance: Thinking about congestion. Balance, "horizontal", infarction, refers to obstruction.
(23) Later: Then you can act. Do, stand up, and intend to do something.
(24) color sign: manifested in the face. It means haggard and haggard, which is reflected in color. Requisition and inspection mean fulfillment here.
(25) from the sound: it means that the sigh comes from the sound.
(26) After metaphor: (See his face and smell his voice) Then people know him. I understand, I know.
(27) If you enter, you can't go home: at home, if there are no ministers who abide by the law and sages who assist the monarch. Into, inside, refers to the domestic. Legalists, ministers who can adhere to statutes. A wise man enough to assist the monarch. Brush: pass "finish", assist finish, assist. So, if.
(28) invincible foreign patients: invincible foreign countries or emergencies. Enemy: a country with equal strength and status.
(29) Countries always perish: countries often perish. Constant, often.
Then knowledge is born of worry: only after this can we understand that we can survive and develop because of worry. Then, after that. Yu, preposition, because, indicates the reason. Live, make ... live.
(3 1) Die of Happiness: Pursuing comfort and happiness will make people haggard and die. Death: To cause death.
[Edit this paragraph] Reference translation
{Chinese version}
Shun was appointed from the field and selected from the masons who built the wall. The glue was used by people who sold fish and salt. Guan Yiwu was used after being released from prison officials. Sun Shuaio was selected from the secluded seaside, and Prissy was redeemed from the slave market. Therefore, God will give such people a great responsibility. They must first temper their will, make their bones and muscles tired, starve themselves, make themselves poor, and make them unhappy when they do things. These methods will make his heart miserable, make his character tough and increase his talents that he doesn't have.
People often make mistakes before they can correct them; When I make a mistake, my mind is troubled and my thinking is blocked, so that I can rise up [or do something] in the future; The haggard color is shown on the face, the sigh is shown in the voice, and then I understand. If there are no ministers who uphold the law and sages who can assist the monarch at home, and there are no evenly matched countries and disasters from abroad, countries (like this) will often perish.
We can know that anxiety can make people (or countries) survive and develop, while ease and enjoyment can make people (or countries) languish and die.
{another version}
Mencius said: "Shun worked in the fields since childhood, and was selected from the work of building walls, glue was selected from selling fish and salt, Guan Zhong was promoted to a prisoner, Sun Shuai was found from the seaside, and Prissy was redeemed from the market. Therefore, if God wants to land a great mission on someone, he must first temper his will, make his bones and muscles tired, make his body suffer from hunger and poverty, and make himself always unable to do things smoothly. This will shake his mind, strengthen his temperament and increase his talent. People always make mistakes before they can correct them. If you are depressed, you will be extremely anxious, and then you can work hard; Expressed in the face, expressed in the voice, and then understood. A country, which has no law-abiding ministers and auxiliary saints at home and no worries of countries with considerable influence abroad, is often easy to perish. It can be seen that people can live because of worry, or they can die because of comfort. "
(Exam Required Version)
Be born at hardship, die at peace and happiness
Shun was selected from ploughing fields, from plasterers, from fish and salt dealers, Guan Yiwu was released and appointed from prison officials, Sun Shuaio was promoted from the secluded seaside, and Prissy was redeemed and reused from the slave market.
Therefore, if God wants to hand over the heavy responsibility to this man, he must first make his heart ache, make his bones and muscles tired, make him hungry and emaciated, make him poor and do things in a mess, so as to shock his heart, hone his character and increase his talents that he did not have in the past.
People often make mistakes in order to correct them later; Confusion is blocked, then you can work hard; Show it on your face, express it in your voice, and then you can understand it. A country will often perish if there is no minister to enforce the law, no sage to assist the monarch, and no hostile country or foreign invasion abroad.
In this way, we can know that hardship and disaster can make people (or countries) survive, and comfort and pleasure can make people (or countries) decline.
[Edit this paragraph] Chapter structure
This paper demonstrates the viewpoint of "born in sorrow and died in happiness" by combining examples with reasoning. The full text has four paragraphs, which can be divided into three parts. The first part (the first to second paragraphs): In the form of parallelism, six famous figures in history are cited as examples, which strongly demonstrates the truth that talents can only be cultivated through hardship. The second part (the third paragraph) demonstrates the necessity of hard training from both positive and negative aspects, indicating that difficulties can stimulate people's fighting spirit, and ease can make people lose their fighting spirit. First, the understanding of the article "born in sorrow, died in happiness"
? The textbook "Born in Worry and Died in Happiness" (People's Education Edition) is a classic article in Mencius, and its original title is "Shun Fa Yu Mu". Say it is a classic, lies in:
? (1) In the first paragraph of the article, six famous people are listed: Shun,,, Guan Yiwu, Sun Shuai and Bai Xixi. They are either legendary sages or famous sages and gifted scholars in history. They are listed in the first paragraph of the article because they either went through hardships and engaged in humble work or were unknown to the world before becoming celebrities.
? (2) The second paragraph of the article is a famous sentence that inspires the deaf: "Therefore, heaven will be a great task to people, so we must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and mess things up." Therefore, the endurance of the heart has always been beneficial to it. "It tells people that all people who want to achieve something in the future must go through a painful and tortuous training in all aspects of mind and body to increase their talents. I have eaten all the hardships I can eat and all the setbacks I can bear. Even if I encounter similar difficulties and setbacks in the future, I can be calm and calm, and try my best to overcome and deal with them.
? (3) The third paragraph is also a famous sentence: "People always have to pass before they can change. Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. " It is famous because it tells the center of the whole article, "Born in sorrow, died in happiness". In other words, if a person assumes that he has been living a happy life, he will die if he does not make progress and has no sense of hardship.
? (4) In terms of writing, the rhetorical devices of parallelism are used in the first and second paragraphs, which makes the article compelling and irrefutable. The former summarizes the cases of six famous people with the words "Yu" and "Ju", and demonstrates the viewpoint of "born in sorrow". The word "qi" in the second paragraph shows the good intention of "God" in order to hone and forge a generation of sages or sages who can take on great responsibilities. In the third paragraph, we discussed the role of individuals in suffering. If a country is too peaceful, under this false appearance of peace, the people of the whole country will relax their vigilance, and once the country encounters internal and external troubles, it will collapse and perish in an instant. This kind of writing from small to large is also a classic, which makes people want to stop, never forget, and gives people profound enlightenment.
Second, the teaching design of "born in sorrow and died in happiness"
? In the teaching of classical Chinese, many people regard word-for-word string translation as a classic, as supreme, as an ancestral secret recipe, which is insurmountable. In my opinion, emphasizing reading is the first choice of ancient poetry teaching methods.
? If the teaching of this famous article focuses on students' reading and reading aloud, I think there is no problem. Because Mr. Wu Yifeng, a professor of psychology, once talked about the method of reciting metrical poems: first read the first sentence or two aloud, and then close the book to recall; Read aloud where you can't remember, and then close the book to remember; Then read three or four sentences aloud, and then close the book to recall; Then one to four sentences are linked and recited together. Repeatedly, a metrical poem was memorized. This is a quick and effective way to recite. In fact, the same is true of my own endorsement, but I didn't sum it up like Mr. Wu.
? The author puts the teaching emphasis of "born in sorrow and dying in happiness" on "reading and understanding the meaning of the text on this basis", while the difficulty lies in "reading the correct pronunciation, reading pause, reading cadence and reading beautifully". The teaching method is "reading-oriented, students-oriented, supplemented by teachers' guidance, inspiration and counseling". The purpose is to make students feel that if they can accumulate a little in each class, after a few years, students' Chinese skills will definitely be greatly solid and their Chinese literacy will be greatly improved.
Third, I teach "born in sorrow, die in happiness"
? (A) use the meaning of "hair" and "lift" to explain the introduction.
? Before class, I want to introduce the example that Japan's scientific and technological economic development is at the forefront of the world with Yamato's sense of urgency. Later, I thought it might take a long time, even a big breakthrough in the arrangement of teaching time. The word "Yu" in the first paragraph of the article is a very obvious sign of this paragraph, and there is a word "Yu" in every clause. What appears less than the word "Yu" is "ju", which is very suitable for the introduction content; The word "Fa" also makes people dare not despise it: first of all, it precedes the word "Yu" in the first sentence of this paragraph and occupies the same position as "Ju" in the next five sentences. Secondly, the meaning of "law" can be interpreted as "developed" and "prosperous" here, which is similar to the meaning of the last five words. Therefore, when I am in class, I should first explain this problem from the two meanings of "hair" and "lift", so that students can fully express their opinions and stick to the text from the beginning to stimulate students' thinking, aiming to inspire students to mobilize their thinking and train and cultivate their thinking ability.
? After the students told their answers one after another, I changed the topic: the students did well. The meanings of "hair" and "lift" can be found in the text (blackboard writing) to be studied today. They are born of worry and die of happiness.
(2) Read the full text and perceive the text as a whole.
? 1. Read silently, find problems and give guidance to the teacher.
? During this time, I guide students to find out their own problems on the basis of preview (classical Chinese learning is more difficult, so students are required to preview in order to shorten classroom teaching time, increase teaching capacity and improve efficiency), and the teacher walks off the podium to find students' problems at any time and give counseling and answers at any time.
? Let the students read the text together
? (1) Before reading the text, the teacher should make clear the reading requirements: a. Correct pronunciation; B. reading pause; C. read cadence and beauty.
? (2) Students read together.
? (3) According to the following three requirements, teachers should guide students to evaluate their reading situation and correct mistakes in reading.
? 3. Old teachers should read, especially the beauty of cadence.
? If you read the second paragraph: "... must first suffer/its heart, its bones and muscles, its hunger/its skin, its body, its shaking/chaos/its behavior, so it is tempting/forbearing, its benefits/its impossible." (word accent)
? Common words
1 Zeng, same as "increase", increase.
2 scales, same as "horizontal", infarcted, not smooth.
3. Fu, the same as "Bi", assisted.
Flexible use of parts of speech;
Usage: Suffer: make ... You must first put up with his thoughts and labor ... tired eg; Create ... starve ... create ... suffer from poverty, for example, starvation.
Nouns are used as adjectives: in China, for example, there is no legalist school; No foreign patients.
Special sentence patterns
Be trapped in one's heart, for example
polysemy
1. This is a good example, you can use it to express your meaning.
Fu (bi) is the same as "bi", supplemented by eg: if you enter, you can't go home.
Sanmao (France) was appointed as an example: Shun Mao was in an acre of land.
4 Hair (fa) display eg: characterized by color and caused by sound.
centre
Adversity makes talents.
quarrel
Born in sorrow and died in happiness.
"People are unchangeable, …" means that "people are unchangeable before they can change; Trapped in the heart, weigh it, do it again, sign the color, send the sound, and then metaphor ",the text notes and the translation of the faculty are not appropriate, so I take the liberty to ask.
"Trapped in the heart, balance in consideration, and then make; Color to sign, sound to send, and then metaphor. " It should be stated that "people are unchangeable before they can change." The semicolon after "then you can change it" should be changed to a full stop.
It is basically correct for the faculty to translate "being trapped in your heart, balancing your worries, and then acting" into "being uneasy and thinking is blocked, which makes you make a difference". But "cause" should be a sad solution here. "Yu" is a preposition, which means "you", and it is not appropriate to translate it into "you". I feel sad, my thoughts are blocked, and then I can work hard.
As for "sign it with color, send it with sound, and then understand it", the annotation of the text is "see its color, smell its sound, and then people will understand it." The faculty translated it as "only by expressing it on your face and spitting it in words can you understand it." I think "signal with color, send with sound" should mean that others use color to sound his wrong behavior, and then let him be alert and aware, so as to correct his mistakes. Show an unhappy expression, make a sarcastic voice, and then make him realize. In this way, the logical connection between sentences is very clear.
This sentence explains two reasons why people are persistent and then can change: one is that the internal cause is "later work" and the other is that the external cause is "later metaphor", so the explanation is more appropriate. According to the translation of teachers and consultants, it is not only very vague, but also impossible to prove that "it is sad."
This sentence has to start with the word "Yu", which means "Yu" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi. "A person who knows what he is talking about is also a surplus or a surplus." The second meaning of the word "Yu" in the Chinese Dictionary is Xiao Ye; The sixth layer means Ming Ye. According to these explanations, it is appropriate to interpret it as "understanding", thus excluding the statement of "being understood" and making this layer of writing logical and thorough, without ambiguity.
(a) concerned about state affairs:
Righteousness, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. Governing the country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; ..... The mind is right and then the body is repaired, and the body is repaired and then the family is neat, and the family is neat and then the country is ruled, and the country is flat. "Book of Rites University
The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light. If you are rich, you will help the world, and if you are poor, you will be immune.
: "folk music, people are also happy; People have their worries, and people have their worries. Happiness is in the world, worry is in the world, not the king, nothing. " Mencius, Hui Liang and Wang Xia
Born in sorrow, died in happiness. Mencius talked about it.
A thousand miles of embankment, collapsed in the ant nest. Everything is wrong, Yu Lao.
(B) sense of social responsibility:
A little evil will become a great evil, and a little good will become a great good.
What is a father? A good teacher. What is a teacher? A strict missionary. It is inappropriate for children not to study. Why bother if you are young and don't learn?
The best diamonds must be cut. Unless you learn, you will become an animal. When you are a child, you have less time. Teach your teachers and friends and learn manners:
Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. (Mencius)
A little evil will become a great evil, and a little good will become a great good.
What is a father? A good teacher. What is a teacher? A strict missionary. It is inappropriate for children not to study. Why bother if you are young and don't learn?
The best diamonds must be cut. Unless you learn, you will become an animal. When you are a child, you have less time. Teach your teachers and friends and learn manners:
Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. (Mencius)
(c) Moralization of political and social issues:
Mencius said: "I am old, and people are old; Young and frivolous, and young people. " Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang
Mencius said, "Fish is what I want. Bear's paw is what I want You can't have your cake and eat it. You can't have your cake and eat it. Life is what I want. Justice is what I want. You can't have both, and those who give up their lives are also righteous. " Mencius Gao Zishang
Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. People don't like right and wrong.
It is upright and does not command; Although his body is not straight, he can't obey. The virtue of a gentleman is also wind, and the virtue of a villain is also grass.
Do to others what you don't want them to do to you (Analects of Confucius)
Do more wrong things and you will die. (Zuo zhuan)
(c) Moralization of political and social issues:
Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. People don't like right and wrong.
It is upright and does not command; Although his body is not straight, he can't obey. The virtue of a gentleman is also wind, and the virtue of a villain is also grass.
Do to others what you don't want them to do to you (Analects of Confucius)
Do more wrong things and you will die. (Zuo zhuan)
(4) the pursuit of truth:
As a human being, the sky will drop to a big position, so we must first suffer from its mind, its bones and muscles, its body and skin, its body empty, and its behavior disorderly, so we have been patient and benefited from incompetence. Mencius Gao Zi
There is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down. (Qu Yuan)
Perseverance, the stone can be carved. (Xunzi advised to learn)
There are difficulties in the world, and for it, all the difficulties are easy; If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people.
As a human being, the sky will drop to a big position, so we must first suffer from its mind, its bones and muscles, its body and skin, its body empty, and its behavior disorderly, so we have been patient and benefited from incompetence. Mencius Gao Zi
There is still a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down. (Qu Yuan)
Perseverance, the stone can be carved. (Xunzi advised to learn)
There are difficulties in the world, and for it, all the difficulties are easy; If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people.
Mencius said: "Those who are more than others are not good at eyes. Eyes can't hide their evil. Eyes with regular breasts; Irregular chest and eyes. Listen to him. Look into his eyes. How thin are people? " On Mencius and Li Lou.
Mencius said: "Therefore, heaven will be a great task to people, so we must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, starve their bodies and skin, and mess with their behavior, so we can endure and benefit from their incompetence." Mengzi gaozixia
One day of violence and ten days of cold, no one can live. ("Mencius")