There is a very good biography, and I chose some.
Erich hartmann must be the most annoying pilot in the world air force who is determined to become the world's number one ace killer. Because the German Air Force fighter pilots set an unprecedented record in the history of world air combat with a record of 352 in World War II, this peak, which may never be climbed, forced Hartman's successors to live in his shadow forever!
Erich Hartman
Genius Junior
1922 On April 9, Hartman was born in Weiszah, Wü rttemberg, Germany. My father was a World War I military doctor. In order to avoid the economic crisis after the war, the whole family left Germany on 1925 (the third year after Hartman was born) and opened a clinic in Changsha, China. 1929, Hartman returned home with his mother and brother. Three years later, the old Hartman also returned to Germany and opened a clinic in Welbismarck Street to make a living.
Hartman loved flying since he was a child. His first flight attempt was to jump off the roof with a bamboo frame and an old cloth glider. Fell into the hole dug before. Hartman's mother is an adventurous flying enthusiast, which has a great influence on Hartman.
My mother used to join the aviation club at Bringham Airport and often flew the Clemente -27 light plane. Hartman often flies happily into the blue sky with his mother and begins to have a real flying experience. Therefore, Hartman's mother was the first person who had a great influence on his flying career.
1932, due to economic difficulties, they sold the plane. 1933, Hitler came to power, and Germany set off flying fever. Hitler strongly supported the establishment of the gliding club. 1936, Hartman's mother founded a club in Weil, where she worked as a teacher and recruited young people to learn gliding flight. Hartman is still in middle school, and he has joined the club.
Hartman became an excellent glider pilot at the age of 14. 1937 Obtained Class A and Class B glider driver's license. After getting the C grade, he became a glider instructor of Hitler's Youth Flying Corps. In middle school, Hartman was an unruly student, and his resume was full of records of igniting black powder made of charcoal and sulfur during class to intimidate his classmates. The academic performance is average, and if you don't make progress, you will be satisfied after passing the exam, but you are addicted to sports activities. Once, without training, he took part in a skiing competition jumping from a 33-meter-high platform. His movements are so beautiful that his classmates call him "wild sow".
In the month of 1939, Hartman took a fancy to a female classmate named Ursula Page, nicknamed Wushi. The girl was only 15 years old at that time, and Hartman pursued it desperately despite the opposition of her family. Finally, I really got married.
1939 September 1, the European war broke out. Half a year later, Hartman graduated from high school and immediately signed up for the Air Force. The father opposed his choice and hoped that his son would be engaged in saving lives instead of killing people, and he believed that the war would end in Germany's failure. Mother understood Hartman's ambition to join the army. The old doctor couldn't stop his son, so he hoped that the war would end as soon as possible, so that his son could have enough time to study medicine and inherit his family business after the armistice.
Hartman/KOOC-0/940/KOOC-0/0 joined the German Air Force/KOOC-0/0 training group on/KOOC-0/0/5. It is stationed in the New Cullen area, which is 5 km away from Konigsberg1March in East Prussia, 194 1 March. Transfer to Gatov No.2 Air Combat School in Berlin. In the training group, he learned the basic knowledge of aviation history, flight principle and engine use, design and construction, aerodynamics, materials science, meteorology, etc. Go to air combat school. Mainly used for training flight. On March 24th, 194 1, Hartman, who had been in school for less than a month, flew solo. 1414, after the basic flight training, he transferred to the fighter flight school in buster to learn to fly the Bf- 109 fighter produced by Messerschmitt.
Here, he met Qu Hagen, the second instructor who had an important influence on his flying career. The instructor is a famous aerobatic expert in Germany, and he especially appreciates Hartman. He not only taught Hartman the basic tactical movements and the technology of flying Bf- 109 alone, but also taught some secrets of aerobatics. 1March, 942, Hartman successfully completed the flight training, obtained the pilot badge, and was promoted to second lieutenant. 1942 After switching to air combat and shooting training in June, Hartman quickly showed his natural shooting ability. He was particularly keen on close-up shooting and didn't like the long-distance shooting that was popular at that time. 109d On June 3rd, 942, Hartman flew a Bf- 109D plane and fired 50 bullets at the towed target with a machine gun, hitting 24 bullets, which attracted the attention of instructors and peers.
The smooth sailing of the novice flight will inevitably make young Hartman get carried away. August 24th 1942 performed aerobatics in Dubster. After flying low-altitude search, tumbling and figure-eight flying, he was still wanting more, and made a thrilling action learned from old movies, flying over the base at a low altitude of 10 meters. As a result, he was confined for a week and deducted three months' salary. Interestingly, this adventure saved his life. He was punished for not carrying out a planned combat flight, and one of his companions flew his plane instead of him. Unexpectedly, after taking off, the engine broke down and the plane was destroyed. Death passed Hartman by.
Soon, he bid farewell to his parents and girlfriend and went to the Eastern Front to join the 52nd fighter wing of the German Air Force to fight against the Soviet Union.
Frustrated in the first battle
The 52nd United Front fought in the war zone in the south of the Soviet Union, and its headquarters was in Mekop. Hartman happened to witness a Bf- 109 plane catch fire when landing. The cruelty of the war immediately enveloped him.
Hartman was assigned to the Seventh Squadron of the Third Brigade two days later as the wingman of Sergeant Rakeman. On June/KOOC-0/942 and June/KOOC-0/4, Hartman and Rakeman cooperated for the first time and released BF-/KOOC-0/09g-/KOOC-0/4 in Grozny.
Suddenly, the command came from the earphone: "Seven fighter planes and three Il -2 planes are sweeping the street near ProKladni Ji, please wait for interception." Hartman followed Rothman to the target at an altitude of 4000 meters. 15 minutes later, Lexmann called by radio, "There is an enemy plane on the lower left, approach, occupy the position, and then attack." However, Hartman could not find the target. When diving, he pulled away 30 meters from the long plane and rushed to the height of 1800 meters. He still couldn't find the shadow of the enemy plane, so he flew flat. Just then, he saw two dark green planes 2000 meters away. Hartman's heart was pounding, and his chance came. He sped up, crossed Lehsmann and seized the offensive position. At a distance of 300 meters from the enemy plane, he fired, but all the shells missed. In order to avoid colliding with the Soviet plane, he pulled the tie rod to avoid it. However, he plunged into the opponent's fleet and was surrounded by dark green Soviet planes. Hartman thinks he's almost finished. He couldn't find Lasman, so he turned sharply and flew into a small cloud. After passing through the clouds, he breathed a sigh of relief and found that there were no planes around.
"Don't be afraid, I'm covering for you. I couldn't find you when I crossed the clouds. Go through the clouds so that I can find you. " This is the voice of the pilot. After passing through the clouds, Hartman saw a plane coming straight at 1500 meters. He flew west in panic and descended to get rid of the plane. "Turn right so that I can get closer to you" is Lehsmann's voice. At this time, the plane stopped Hartman's way. As the two planes got closer and closer, Hartman stepped on the gas, dropped to ultra-low altitude again and flew west. As he sped west, Hartman shrank his neck and hid behind bulletproof steel plates, waiting for Soviet shells. A few minutes later, Hartman found himself flying to Mount Elbrus, but the fuel was only enough for five minutes. So he had to land the plane on a narrow road. Two minutes later, German infantry came around and took Hartman back to the airport with military vehicles. Therefore, battalion chief Feng Boning loudly reprimanded Hartman and reprimanded him one by one:
1. Leave the long plane without authorization; Second, seize the captain's shooting position; Third, enter the cloud without authorization; Fourth, mistake the long plane for an enemy plane (that is, a long plane that has evaded many times); Fifth, the order of "moving closer" was not executed; Sixth, lose your way; I missed the enemy plane, but I was injured.
These seven charges forced Hartman to work with the ground crew for three days as punishment. Looking back on this experience, Hartman learned a lot from the captain. Lehsmann never rashly attacked, but thought that we should seize the opportunity and only make moves when we are sure, and pay attention to "observation and judgment". Slowly, Hartman overcame the blindness and poor observation of the new pilot.
The first victory
1942165438+1On the afternoon of 5 October, Hartman and brigade adjutant Captain Tripp took off near Digo, intercepting eight Il -2 attack planes and 10 La -3 aircraft that attempted to attack German ground forces.
Hartman first discovered the Soviet plane, and the adjutant in the brigade ordered him to organize and direct the attack. Hartman quickly dived to a height of 50 meters and started shooting within 100 meters, but the guns and shells were bounced off by the armor of Soviet aircraft. He found it futile to shoot the Il -2 plane in this way. This kind of aircraft is famous for its armor thickness, so he remembered the method Alfred Gerry Slavski told him that year-attacking the oil radiator of the Il -2 aircraft.
Hartman climbed quickly, then dived to a height of only a few meters above the ground and approached from behind the Soviet plane. At a distance of 60 meters, Hartman opened fire on the oil radiator. This time, the Soviet plane emitted smoke, dragged a long flame and began to descend. Then there was an explosion under the wing, and the debris even hit Hartman's plane-he had been chasing after it. Black smoke came out from under the engine compartment, and Hartman realized that his plane was injured.
When Hartman tried to land on the ground, the smoke in the cabin almost choked him. When he climbed out of the cabin, the Soviet plane exploded 2 kilometers away. The infantry rescued Hartman. Hartman believes that shooting down enemy planes is not a fantasy, and this is his first victory.
The clever Hartman soon realized that this victory was a victory of new tactics. In the hospital, he thought that if he left the enemy plane faster, he wouldn't have to make a forced landing, but this time he was calmer than the last battle, and he didn't violate discipline. He has better control of firepower and can take it easy in an emergency.
Gradually, Hartman realized that the popular hovering tactics and long-range fire at that time were not the best way, and it was easy to lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another. He believes that the best tactics should be: search-attack-break away or suspend the attack, that is, find the enemy plane as soon as possible, but don't be busy attacking, but pay attention to identifying other situations. If there is no other enemy attack, launch a surprise attack and then quickly leave.
The enlightenment of the first victory gave Hartman confidence and a new tactic-a tactic that deviated from the textbook. Hartman was appointed as Krupinski's wingman. At that time, Krupinski had shot down more than 70 planes (after the war, * * * shot down 197, ranked in the world 15). At this time, Hartman shot down two planes and was called "doll" by his comrades.
In the days of cooperation with experienced Krupinski, Hartman's tactics gradually worked. 1943 On March 4th, he shot down 15 enemy planes and won the second Iron Cross. By the end of 1943, he had dispatched 1 10 times and became a pilot. 1943 On May 25th, Hartman shot down six enemy planes and once collided with a La -5 plane, forcing the injured Bf- 109 plane to land on a glider.
Afterwards, the squadron asked him to go home for a vacation. During the four-week holiday, Hartman enjoyed a leisurely life at home, but the brand left by the war could not be completely eliminated. One night, Hartman woke up in the middle of the night and seemed to hear an emergency warning from the wingman: "Turn! Turn! "
The war is reversing, the allies are getting stronger and stronger, and the Germans are already embarrassed. The continuous large-scale air strikes by British and American troops made Germany fidgety. Hartman also had to end his vacation in a hurry and return to the front.
1On July 5, 943, Hartman dispatched four times a day and shot down five La -5 fighters. On this day, Hartman set a record, but his companion Krupinski was injured by a collision with an enemy plane. After leaving the squadron, five companions died that day, accounting for one-third of the squadron's strength. After that, Hartman continued to attack, and almost every battle was rewarded, and his record soared.
By the end of August 1943, Hartman had shot down 80 planes, equalling the world record set by Manfred von Richthofen, a famous air combat hero in the First World War. In September, he was promoted to squadron leader. At the end of September, Hartman shot down 1 15 enemy planes, breaking Moldes's record of shooting down 100 enemy planes and becoming a new "air hero" of the German Air Force. The shooting down of lO 29 150 tied the record of 1 50 set by Krupinski in June after he came back from injury. It is commendable that among his 150 aircraft, 148 was shot down during the eight months from the end of February to the end of 10. On average, 18 was shot down every month, and three were shot down every five days. He was awarded the Iron Cross and granted two weeks' leave.
Of course, in this process, he also failed in Maicheng and almost entered the Soviet prison camp. In late August, he was hit by a plane in an outing and was forced to land behind the Soviet defense line. Two Soviet soldiers caught him. He had to pretend that he was seriously injured, which made the Soviets relax their vigilance against him. On the way to the rear, he jumped out of the car and fled in the chaos of German bombing, and finally crossed the front line and fled back to the German defense zone.
Southern black devil
Hartman was highly praised after shooting down the 150 plane, and newspapers often published photos of him and other "heroes" of the 52nd United. Soviet pilots nicknamed him "the Black Devil of the South". The so-called black devil is a black arrow like a tulip flower heart painted on Hartman's nose. It is said that for a while, Soviet pilots had to avoid the black arrow sign and didn't fight it head-on, so Hartman's success rate slowed down. Soon, Hartman changed his strategy. He transferred the plane marked black to an inexperienced wingman to protect him, and flew the unmarked plane himself. In this way, he got another chance to fight with enemy planes.
1944 65438+ From 10 to February, Hartman shot down another 50 planes, with an average of about 2 per flight day. Hartman created a set of tactics in the attack, that is, "observation-judgment-attack-detachment". However, in the eastern air combat, the German Air Force has always been at a disadvantage in number, and Hartman must always respond to the attacks of Soviet pilots. So, he created a set of defensive tactics. These two methods complement each other and form a powerful tactic with both offensive and defensive functions. Every time Hartman is attacked from behind by his opponent, he takes the route of turning left or right, turns at the opponent and then gets rid of it. When the opponent approached and tried to shoot, Hartman calmly flew horizontally, then sidesloped and waited for the opponent to rush forward, and then turned away at a small speed.
"Oberezel of the 8 th Squadron told others that he didn't believe the number of planes I shot down." Hartman's outstanding record has also aroused the suspicion or jealousy of some colleagues in the team. Captain Oberle Ze, who was transferred to the 52nd United with him, didn't believe this. He said Hartman was bragging to his face. Hartman angrily found Major Gunter Lehrer, the battalion chief, and sued his former comrades. The battalion chief raised his eyebrows: "But I believe it's true!" Hartman came up with a coup: "I would like to fly and fight with him." The next day, Oberzel was sent to be Hartman's wingman. On that day, Hartman took off and shot down two enemy planes. Oberezel blushed with shame and could not speak.
1on March 2, 944, Hartman shot down 202 planes, and Hitler wanted to award him and Captain Krupinski a Knight's Cross. Hartman and Krupinski flew together to Mount Bessie in the Alps. Here, Hitler personally awarded them titles. Participating in the conferment were 16 ace pilots and two infantry colonels. Hartman is the youngest and lowest rank among these people, but he is the most striking.
Hartman dropped in on his family. Parents are proud of their son's records and medals. But my father has mixed feelings. He sat on the sofa and said seriously, "Well, after the test, you are a capable fighter pilot, and you are still alive. Erich, you must believe that we have been defeated and the war has failed. Now we must be prepared to taste the taste of failure. " My father took a newspaper, and then said, "Even Goebbels' brilliant sermon of sticking to the end can't hide the truth." Hartman was silent, unable to refute his father.
1944 March 18, Hartman returned to the front line of rumberg. He learned that he was promoted to lieutenant. At this time, the latest American P-5 1 aircraft entered the battlefield in Eastern Europe, posing a great threat to the Germans. The whole front, whether in the air or on the ground, is shrouded in a tense and depressing atmosphere. The german air force was forced to advance westward with the ground troops, and fought and retreated.
1in mid-April, 944, Hartman's squadron fought in Zeneshti, Listi. The battle was extremely difficult, and most ace pilots were ordered to return home to guard the increasingly tight rear area. Hartman didn't leave. He is responsible for training new pilots who are constantly replenished. He patiently taught them his offensive and defensive tactics.
On April 18, Captain Luer, who still holds the highest victory record of the whole army (275), was transferred back to China. "Now, little doll, I won't get in your way!" Before he left, Chandler left Hartman such a message.
At the beginning of May, in the face of the powerful counterattack of the Soviet Union, Hartman's squadron withdrew from the Soviet Union and moved to Rome, Romania. Their task is to intercept the American B- 17 and B-24 bombers that attacked the Romanian oil center, while continuing to fight against the Soviet Air Force.
By the end of May, Hartman had shot down 23 more planes. In July 1944, 1, Hartman has shot down 250 planes, becoming the fifth and last super ace pilot of the German Air Force (also the world air force) to reach this peak. On August 3rd, Hitler awarded Hartman a Knight Cross, which was the second time that this medal was awarded to a lieutenant. Hartman became a magical figure and "national hero" of the German Air Force.
Hartman came to rustenburg in East Prussia, which was Hitler's base camp and was nicknamed "Wolf's Nest". He walked into the makeshift house built of wooden boards and saw the scars of the explosion. That's because on July 20th, a group of officers plotting to rebel detonated a time bomb here, but Hitler was not killed. While Hartman was in a daze, Hitler slowly appeared. His right ear was blown deaf, and people had to speak into his left ear, which surprised Hartman. Hitler said: "I am optimistic about the future ... I believe that fate saved my life on July 20, so that I can lead Germany forward at this hopeful moment." When walking out of the "wolf's den", Hartman only felt that the medal on his chest was particularly heavy.
In early August, he returned to the increasingly tense eastern front. The number of Soviet air forces is increasing day by day, and the Red Flag aircraft of the Guards Corps are all composed of top pilots. Leading the guards against the Germans were ace pilots like Kozhedub, Bores King and Reisino Kraft, who shot down more than 50 German planes. Hartman continued to attack, and the record that was far behind was still climbing wildly, and soon reached 282. At this point, he almost left all his competitors, leaving only Gade buckhorn in front. Antlers attack the strong and protect the weak. He can often shoot down more planes than Hartman at a time, but he is also often shot down, injured in hospital and lost his fighter plane. Hartman balanced attack and defense, and seized the opportunity of Bibac Horndo. With this advantage, he strode to catch up with buckhorn.
On August 23rd, Hartman took off three times and shot down eight planes. At this time, he shot down a total of 290 planes and finally surpassed buckhorn. Hartman became the most successful fighter of the German Air Force, and also shot down the aircraft with the largest number of air forces in the world. Hartman is not considering which competitor to deal with now, but climbing and shooting down 300 enemy planes, which is a peak that mankind has never conquered.
1On August 24th, 944, Hartman took off twice and shot down enemy planes 1 1, bringing the total number of planes he shot down to 30 1. This is the first ace pilot in the world to shoot down more than 300 planes. The next day, Hartman was invited to meet Colonel Hrabak, who said to him, "Young man, I sincerely congratulate you! The Fuehrer will award you the Diamond Knight Cross. Report to Wolff Sam Ze the day after tomorrow, and the Fuehrer will give you honor. "
Marshal Goering, commander-in-chief of the German Air Force, personally sent a telegram to congratulate him. Since Hitler was injured, he has carried out a big purge and cruel persecution of conspirators and participants. The whole Valsanze is shrouded in suspicion and fear, and security measures are extremely tight. It is forbidden to carry weapons in Hitler's third district. Officers who are recruited to receive medals must abide by the safety regulations and hand over their pistols to the guards. Hartman can't accept this suspicious protection. He tried to restrain himself and said to the SS officer, "Please tell the Fuehrer that if he doesn't trust his frontline officer, then I don't want the medal."
The security officer turned white and asked with emphasis, "Really?" "yes." Hartman said firmly. Hitler's air force adjutant thought twice and finally decided to allow Hartman to carry guns and be decorated.
On August 25th, Hartman left the wolf's den. He knew he would never see the Fuehrer again. The Fuehrer's hands are weak and he has no strength at all. At this time, General Garland, the fighter commander of the German Air Force, wanted to transfer Hartman to the test flight headquarters of the Me-262 jet fighter to test the new aircraft. But Hartman insisted on staying in the 52nd Fighter Wing to continue fighting. After leaving Berlin, Hartman went to Stuttgart by train. On the way, he changed his previous decision not to get married. On the platform of the railway station, Hartman hugged Wushi tightly and kept kissing her. "My little baby, let's get married this holiday!" "Didn't we have an appointment to get married at Christmas last month?" Usch was very surprised. "Many people in our brigade are married and can enjoy the Christmas holiday. If we don't get married, I probably won't come back. " Hartman felt Youshi's sadness, so he leaned down and kissed her constantly. Wushi was moved by his enthusiasm, and his eyes flashed with tears of excitement: "Do you want to say that I am your 302nd prey now?" She asked Hartman coquetry. "No, not the 302nd, but my only one. And I belong to you. "
Hartman returned to the front on the eighth day after marriage. He stopped the Soviet westward offensive in Hungary and made a final struggle to save the crisis of the empire, with a record of 336. 1In March, 945, at the repeated request of General Garland, he joined the "expert squadron" composed of super top pilots to fly the Me-262 jet fighter. After a short stay, he became impatient. At the end of the month, he returned to the 52nd United in former Czechoslovakia.
Le dernier battle
American P-5 1 Mustang is waiting for Hartman. The appearance of P-5 1 made the German Air Force fight very hard. The excellent pilots of the 52nd United Wing kept dying in the battle. Hartman was promoted to the commander of the first brigade and to the rank of major. The mission of his brigade is to defend Romanian oil fields. Soon, Hartman shot down the first wild horse and chased another wild horse with the auxiliary fuel tank. Hartman wounded him with a machine gun and forced the pilot to parachute. However, after the first encounter with Hartman, American pilots were also very vigilant. They launched a large-scale hovering in air combat, which often caused losses to Hartman's fleet. In the fifth battle with the Americans, Hartman finally seized the opportunity. At the beginning of the battle, Hartman fought the Americans with a disadvantage of 1: 4. He killed a P-5l at maximum dive speed. That American plane is shooting at an Rf- 109. 400 meters, 300 meters, 200 meters, 100 meters, Hartman approached from 30 degrees below the back of P-5 1 at the maximum speed. P-5 1 explodes as soon as the button is pressed. However, Hartman couldn't hit the other P-5 1. The red light indicating that the fuel is running out suddenly flashes, and the US plane is getting tighter and tighter. The plane can't fly any more. The only choice is skydiving. Hartman gritted his teeth, pulled the handle off the hatch cover, and then made a 180 degree flight to the left strut, turning it upside down. He fell down. The big umbrella opened and fell slowly.
Eight p-5s/kloc-0s/surrounded him curiously. Hartman was very nervous. I wonder if these Americans will abide by the "rule" of not shooting other skydiving pilots. Just then, a P-5 1 flew towards him, and Hartman was desperate. However, the American pilot wearing a yellow flying cap made an angry gesture to him and suddenly turned around and flew west. After landing, Hartman was sent back to the squadron.
In this battle, half of the planes of the first brigade were shot down, two captains were killed and many others were injured. Old BF- 109 is hard to deal with "wild horse". The boss decided that the Germans would stop attacking the Americans to save their strength. The attack from the Soviet Union and the United States exhausted the 52nd United Front. Soon, the Soviets bombed Prague, and Hartman was ordered to take off again. This time, 30 American A-20 fighters attacked together with Soviet-made Bo -2 fighters, and 25 Jacques-1 1 and P-39 fighters escorted the upper level.
Hartman commanded the friendly aircraft to attack the Mustang fighter first and then the bomber. He fired at the last wild horse and shot it down. Then I hit another 1 American plane. In this battle, Hartman made an extraordinary shot and won two games first. Later, Hartman rushed to the bomber group and shot down 1 A-20 bomber. The short encounter with the Americans added seven more victories to Hartman's record, all of which were "wild horses".
Prisoner of war career
1945 On May 8, the day when Germany announced its unconditional surrender, Hartman took off from the Czech Republic to carry out the last task of the war and scout the position of a Soviet army. He didn't intend to have another air battle, but he crashed into eight Jacques-1 1 planes. They are hovering over the burning city of Brno. Hartman's Jacques-1 1 turned a somersault without any worries. Congratulations to the Red Army team on the ground. Hartman motioned the wingman to keep up, flew 65 meters away from the Soviet plane and shot down the careless plane. This is the 352nd plane that Hartman shot down. Back at the airport, co-pilot Hermann Graf handed him a telegram: "Graf and Hartman immediately flew to Dortmund and surrendered to the British. Other members of the 52nd United Front stayed where they were and surrendered to the Soviets. " Admiral Cederman, commander of aviation, is determined not to let the super trump card against the Soviet Union fall into Soviet hands. However, after a brief discussion, the two commanders unanimously decided to refuse to carry out this order. They can't leave their troops to fend for themselves. They burned the remaining 25 planes and evacuated westward from the land with 200 subordinates and their families. On the way. They met American tanks.
"I am the commander of the 52nd wing of the German Air Force, Lieutenant Colonel Graff. This is Major Hartman, commander of the 1st Brigade of the United Front. He was surrounded by the troops and German refugees. We are here to surrender to the American army. " However, according to the agreement of senior allied officials, the Czech Republic belongs to the surrender area of the Soviet Union, and the Germans captured by the US military east of Bilsen should be handed over to the Soviet offensive forces.
On May 1945, the Americans handed Hartman and others over to the Soviet Union. Hartman shot down 352 planes, most of which were Soviet planes, and became a Soviet prisoner of war at the age of 23. Because of Hartman's "record" and his experience of flying over Me-262, the Soviets interrogated him many times and wanted to know. Me-262, but Hartman refused to cooperate.
1949 65438+February, the Soviet court sentenced Hartman to 25 years' imprisonment. In prison, Hartman refused to work in the mine. The person in charge at the scene was a colonel, and he was extremely angry with Hartman's behavior. Not to be outdone, Hartman even quoted Lenin's words to fight back: "Colonel, your country won the war more than five years ago. I am an air force officer of a defeated country, not a war criminal. Lenin said that if a country does not release prisoners of war after six months, then it is an imperialist country and a degenerate country. " The colonel was taken aback.
To save Hartman. His mother wrote a letter to Stalin. The letter said: "Marshal Stalin: Sir, in today's struggle for world peace, I beg you, and I entreat your heart of justice. I hope you can save a mother who hasn't heard from her son since 1949 and misses her son very much from great grief and anxiety ... let my son come back after six years of labor reform! " But this letter didn't get a reply.
1955, former german chancellor Adenauer received a letter from hartmann's mother. This time, Adenauer personally wrote back and promised to take measures to release Hartman next month. In order to fulfill his promise, Adenauer signed a general agreement and a trade agreement in Moscow, and put forward the conditions for the early release of prisoners of war. As part of the agreement, the Soviet Union agreed to release prisoners of war held since 1945. Hartman was put on the list and released early.
1955, 1 1 year1October, Hartman and Wushi held a religious ceremony, which was postponed for 10 years. In order to solve the problem of life, Hartman, 34, joined the former Federal Air Force, which is being rebuilt. At the end of 1956, Hartman officially returned to work in the air force. 1957 February, Hartman added a daughter. Soon, Hartman went to the United States to inspect F- 104. After returning home, he served as the vice president of fighter flight school for a period of time and soon became the commander of the first fighter wing of the new German Air Force-71fighter wing. This fighter wing is named after the German World War I ace "richthofen" and is equipped with F-86MKV 1 aircraft.
Half a year later, 1958+00 in June, 7 1 fighter wing was placed under the command of NATO. 1968, Hartman was promoted to colonel. 1970 On September 30th, Hartman retired from active service.
Hartman's outstanding performance in the battle is something that opponents have to admit and admire. Douglas macarthur praised Hartman as a man who created an unprecedented world record, especially praised Hartman's original tactics, saying that he was a great pilot who was good at breaking with the "old tactics".