Revitalize China: Make efforts to make the motherland rich and strong, so as not to be insulted and be proud. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, two officials of our then government visited California in the United States. At that time, they were wearing official uniforms. As we all know, it looked funny to Americans. So two American farmers discussed how to arrest one of the officials and throw them into the river. As a result, they did, and one of the officials fell into the river and drowned alive. And the result? Nothing happened! Nothing happened to these two farmers!
shame
list of unequal treaties
treaty of nanking August 1842 Britain
main contents
1. Cut Hong Kong Island to Britain
2. Pay compensation of 21 million silver dollars
3. Open Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, There are five trading ports in Shanghai
4. China Customs should agree with the British side on the tariff rate of goods imported and exported by British businessmen
1. China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society
2. The main contradiction changed from the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class
to the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation. The contradiction between feudalism and the masses of the people
3. The contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation has become the most important contradiction
4. The people of China have since shouldered the dual revolutionary task of opposing foreign capitalist aggression and domestic feudal rule
5. China entered the old democratic revolution period
the five-port trade charter and the Humen Treaty in 1844, from which Britain
seized consular jurisdiction. Privileges such as one-sided MFN treatment and detention of leased land and houses at trading ports
Wangxia Treaty and Huangpu Treaty in 1844
Obtaining more aggressive rights and interests
Tianjin Treaty in summer of 1858
1. Foreign ministers stationed in Beijing
2. Opening 1 trading ports along the coast
3. Navigation
4. Foreigners can travel, trade and preach in the mainland of China
5. The Qing government compensated Britain and France for 2 million taels of silver each. Compensation for the loss of 2 million taels of silver to British merchants
Beijing Treaty 186 Russia
Main contents
1. The Qing government recognized Tianjin Treaty as effective
2. Opening Tianjin as a commercial port
3. Dividing a local area of Kowloon Division to Britain
4. The compensation to Britain and France increased to 8 million taels of silver each
Tianjin Article and Beijing Treaty *. The reactionary forces at home and abroad openly colluded with each other to suppress the resistance of the Russian people
The degree of semi-colonialism and semi-feudalism in China deepened
The Beijing Treaty from 186 to the 198s in China
. Invade the territory of more than 1.5 million square kilometers in the northeast and northwest of China
treaty of shimonoseki in April 1895
Main contents of Japan 1. Cut Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province and its affiliated islands and Penghu Islands to Japan
2. Compensate Japan for its military expenditure of 2 million taels of silver
3. Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports. Japanese ships can sail into the above ports along the inland river
4. Japan can invest and set up factories in China's trading ports, and its products can be transported and sold in the mainland of China without the influence of domestic tax
1. China's territory and sovereignty have suffered serious losses again
2. Since then, imperialism has scrambled to divide its sphere of influence in China. Set off a frenzy to carve up China
3. Forced the Qing government to borrow heavily from the big powers
4. The opening of the new trade port case made the foreign invading forces go further into the mainland of China
5. Allow Japan to invest and set up factories in China, and expand the channels for its capital export to China. It has seriously hindered the development of China's national capitalism
6. The degree of semi-colonialism in China society has been greatly deepened
The Treaty of Love and Ugliness in September 191
Main contents
1. The Qing government compensated 45 million taels of silver to various countries, and paid it off in 39 years, with the principal and interest of 98 million taels
2. The compensation was made in China's customs and fees. China's tax revenue is controlled by foreign countries to a greater extent
3. An "embassy circle" is set up in Dongjiaominxiang, Beijing, and China people are not allowed to live in it during the term, and troops are stationed in various places to protect it
4. The battery from Beijing to Dagu is demolished, and countries are allowed to send troops to strategic locations along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan
5. Punish officials who "opposed" the powers in the Boxer Rebellion. China people are forbidden to form and join anti-imperialist organizations forever
6. Change the Prime Minister's yamen into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Being on the top of six ministries
influences
The embassy circle has become the occupied territory of the great powers in China's capital
The Qing government has completely become a tool for the imperialists to rule China and suppress the people
The great powers can strengthen their control over the Qing government through diplomatic channels
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Sino-Russian-Mongolian Agreement (June 7, 1915, China and Russia, signing place: Chaktu, Outer Mongolia)
Minsi Treaty (Article 21) (May 25, 1915, China and Japan, signing place: Beijing)
Manzhouli Boundary Treaty (1915). Signing place: Manzhouli)
Sino-British renewal of the Tibet-India Treaty (April 27th, 196 (Guangxu 32), signing place: Beijing)
The Sino-Japanese meeting on the three eastern provinces was just about (December 22nd, 195 (Guangxu 31), signing place: Beijing)
The Sino-Japanese treaty (191 (Xin Chou). Signing place: Guangzhou Bay; China and France)
Book a special article for ahava (time: July 1st, 1898 (Guangxu 24th year); Signing place: Beijing; China and Britain)
Special article on the development of Hong Kong boundary (time: June 9th, 1898 (Guangxu 24th year); Signing place: Beijing; China and Britain)
Sino-Russian Treaty on Land Lease (March 27th, 1898 (Guangxu 24th year), signed in Beijing. On May 7, 1898, the Treaty on Renewing the Lease of Land for the Brigade was signed in Petersburg, Russia (p > Sino-German Jiaoao Concession Treaty (March 6, 1898 (Guangxu 24 th year), Beijing; China and Germany)
Sino-Japanese treaty of commerce and navigation (signed in Beijing on July 21st, 1896 (Guangxu 22nd year)
Sino-Russian secret treaty (Moscow on June 3rd, 1896 (Guangxu 22nd year))
treaty of shimonoseki (Maguan, April 17th, 1895 (Guangxu 21st year), and Supplementary revision: December 5, 1893, Darjeeling)
Sino-British Yantai Treaty (Yantai in 1876 (Guangxu 2); China and Britain)
China-Japan Beijing Special Article (October 31st, 1874 (Tongzhi 13th year)
Sino-Russian boundary demarcation (October 7th, 1864 (Tongzhi 3rd year), Tarbahatai)
Sino-German Trade Treaty (1861 (Xianfeng 11th year), September 2nd. Beijing)
Sino-French Beijing Treaty (October 25th, 186 (Xianfeng 1th year), Beijing)
Sino-British Beijing Treaty (October 24th, 186 (Xianfeng 1th year), Beijing)
Tianjin Treaty
Sino-French Tianjin Treaty (June 27th, 1858 (Xianfeng 8th year). Tianjin)
Sino-US Tianjin Treaty (Tianjin, June 18th, 1858 (Xianfeng 8th year)
Sino-Russian Tianjin Treaty (Tianjin, June 13th, 1858 (Xianfeng 8th year))
Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty (aihui, May 28th, 1858 (Xianfeng 8th year). Shanghai)
Sino-Russian Talbahatai Trade Charter (August 6th, 1851 (the first year of Xianfeng), Yili)
Huangpu Treaty (October 24th, 1844 (the 24th year of Daoguang), with France, Huangpu)
Wangxia Treaty (the 24th year of Daoguang), July 3rd, 1844. Humen)
treaty of nanking (August 29th, 1842 (Daoguang 22nd year), with Britain and Nanjing)
In p>1917, Germany and Austria-Hungary became enemies of China in World War I, and the unequal treaties were abolished. In 1917, the Soviet Union voluntarily gave up its privileges in China (which were not fully realized afterwards, and the territory acquired in the treaty was not returned). In 1943, the United States and Britain voluntarily gave up their privileges in China. Italy and Japan lost their special status because they became enemies of China in World War II. In 1946, France gave up its privileges in China.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in p>1949, it did not recognize all the unequal treaties signed before.
in what ways is China growing stronger?
Fasten a "safety belt" for life
Safety in production is one of the key areas of supervision by the Party and the government, and measures such as the promulgation of the Law on Safety in Production, the reform of the national safety supervision system, and the severe punishment of violations of laws and regulations have attracted widespread attention. However, the situation of safety production in China is still grim, and accidents occur frequently in high-risk industries such as coal mines. According to the long-term goal of safe production, by 27, China will establish a relatively perfect safety supervision system, the national safety production situation will be steadily improved, the accident-prone situation in key industries and fields will be reversed, and the number of accident deaths in industrial and mining enterprises, the death rate of one million tons of coal mines and the death rate of 1, vehicles in road traffic will drop to a certain extent.
children can afford to go to school
in p>24, the average education period of the population over 15 years old in China was 8.3 years, which was one year higher than the world average. However, only 7.2% of the education practitioners have received higher education, and the investment in education is still seriously insufficient. In 26, popularizing and consolidating rural compulsory education will become the top priority of education. The growth of fiscal education expenditure will be higher than that of fiscal expenditure, teachers' salaries and public funds per student will gradually increase, and problems related to the vital interests of the people such as poor school conditions, difficult operation and unreasonable fees for education will be gradually solved. By 21, the population coverage rate of nine-year compulsory education will be close to 1%.
It's comfortable to see a doctor
In the past five years, China's medical and health undertakings have broken through the mode of single development by the government, which is the fastest development period since the founding of New China. However, there are still many obstacles in the medical system and mechanism. The tendency of public medical institutions to pursue economic interests unilaterally is serious, and minor illnesses are "big prescriptions" and "excessive examinations", and it is difficult and expensive to see a doctor. In 26, the pilot area of the new rural cooperative medical system will be expanded to 4%, and the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty will be further curbed; The state will implement the necessary funds to support the construction of township health centers and county hospitals and provide farmers with safe and cheap basic medical services; The development of community health services will provide basic medical services for urban low-income people.
drink water and eat meat with confidence
in p>25, in order to strengthen pollution control and ecological protection, promote pollution prevention and control in key river basins, and focus on solving environmental pollution, especially water pollution and air pollution, which seriously endanger people's health and safety, the state closed 15 kinds of small enterprises that waste resources and pollute the environment, and implemented the discharge of industrial pollution sources within a time limit. In 26, it has become one of the important goals of governments at all levels to let people drink clean water and breathe fresh air. The country has made it clear that by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP will be reduced by about 2% compared with that at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and the construction of an environment-friendly society has increasingly become the knowledge of the whole society.
Set up an "umbrella"
In the first 1 months of p>25, China achieved a total of 8.8 million new jobs in cities and towns, and the goal of 4 million new jobs in cities and towns during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period has been achieved ahead of schedule. However, China has entered the peak period of the growth of working-age population, and in the next few years, the gap between supply and demand of labor will still reach 13 million to 14 million people every year. In the future, enterprises should not concentrate on pushing surplus personnel to the society, and the state will also establish an employment-oriented index system for vocational education and training institutions. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, 45 million new jobs will be created. Some discriminatory employment agreements will be banned. Optimizing the employment environment has become one of the important tasks of the government.
Home ownership
In p>25, under the unified deployment of the State Council, many departments joined forces to control the real estate market, and the market order improved. But for ordinary people, the price of commercial housing is still "high above". With the continuous implementation of the central government's policy of stabilizing housing prices, the real estate market will develop in the expected direction of curbing investment, controlling investment, guiding rational consumption and stabilizing housing prices, speculative buying will be curbed, the housing problems of low-and middle-income groups will get more attention, and housing prices will connect with the people in a wider range.
A sense of security for the elderly
Statistics show that the social insurance premium for retirees nationwide has increased by 119 times in 19 years. However, at present, the coverage of public pension in China only accounts for 15% of the total population, and some retirees live in distress, and the rural elderly basically do not enjoy social security. With the continuous improvement of the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees, the coverage of basic old-age insurance will gradually expand, focusing on non-public enterprises, urban individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees. The state will gradually implement individual accounts for old-age insurance, and more and more people will live a life of old age and medical care.
*** Enjoy the fruits of development
China's people's life has generally achieved a historic leap from food and clothing to a well-off society, but at present, the share of income or consumption of the poorest population, which accounts for 2% of the total population, is only 4.7%, while that of the richest population, which accounts for 2% of the total population, is as high as 5%. In 26, the government will start with adjusting the national income distribution system and the national fiscal expenditure structure, and establish a support and protection system for agriculture, so that public services can benefit farmers; In the future, the new financial resources will focus on rural areas, agriculture and farmers, and the growth rate will be much higher than the growth rate of recurrent fiscal revenue; Development and revitalization of the western region