Chinese name: Romain Rolland

Foreign name: Romain Rolland

Nationality: France

Birthplace: Cramsey, France

Date of birth: January 29, 1866

Date of death: December 30, 1944

Occupation: Thinker, writer, music critic< /p>

Graduation school: Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris, France

Main achievements: Won the French Academy Literature Prize in 1913

Won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1916

Representative works: "Biographies of Celebrities", "John Christophe"

Chronology of Life

Version 1

1866---1 Born on March 29th in Cramsey, Burgundy region, France. "John Christophe"

1880---Settled in Paris. 1886~1889----Student at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in France. 1889~1891----Study at the French School in Rome. 1895---Takened to the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he taught art history. 1895---Complete the main doctoral thesis: The Origin of Opera before Lully and Scarlatti. 1897---Published his first work "Saint Louis" in the "Paris Magazine" and performed his first two tragedies "Althe" and "The Wolf". 1898---The first published work "Wolf" by Charles Begu was published. 1899---Published "The Triumph of Reason". 1901---"Dandong" was published in "Fortnightly" for the first time. 1902---Published "July 14th". 1903---Published "The Biography of Beethoven" and "The Time Is About to Come" in the Paris Semi-Monthly. 1904---The first chapter of "John Christophe" was published in the Paris "Fortune". 1905---The first three chapters of "Johann-Christophe" won the Femina Prize and were named "Happy Life". 1905---The Orangedorf Bookstore began publishing this work to compete with the "Fortnightly". 1906---"The Life of Michelangelo" was published in the "Fortune" in Paris. 1908---Published "Musicians of the Past and Today". 1910---Published "Handel". 1911---Published "The Biography of Tolstoy" in "Paris Magazine". 1912---Published the last chapter of "Johann-Christophe" in the Paris Semi-Monthly and the Orlandolfo Bookstore. 1913---Won the French Academy Literature Prize. 1914~1916---Worked at the International Office for the Administration of War Criminals in Geneva. 1914~1919---lived in Switzerland. 1914---Published "Beyond Disputes" in the "Journal of Geneva". 1915---Published a collection of essays "Beyond Disputes" at the Orangeriedorf Bookstore in Paris. 1916---Won the Nobel Prize for Literature. 1917---Abandoned the International Red Cross Prize and other literary prizes. 1918---Published "Empedocles of Agrigent". 1919~1922---residing in France. 1919---Published the "Declaration of Spiritual Independence". 1919---Published "Cola-Bernion". 1919---Published "A Musical Journey into the Past". 1919---Published "The Pioneer". 1919---Published "Liluli". 1920---Published "Clerambol". 1922~1937---Living in Villeneuve, Switzerland. 1922---Published "The Defeated". 1924---Published "The Biography of Gandhi".

Version 2

Born in central France in 1866. In 1880, he came to Paris with his family. He graduated from the History Department of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris in 1889, and soon came to Rome to study as a postgraduate student. After returning from Rome, he taught art history at the University of Paris. That's when the writing started. Published since 1898.

In 1914, when the First World War broke out, Romain Rolland settled in Geneva. He took advantage of Switzerland's neutral environment to write anti-war articles. His stance was criticized by German writer Thomas Mann and others. But he didn't give in. In 1915, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature that year. However, due to the opposition of the French government, Miller, the Painter of the Earth, postponed the award until November 15 of the following year. He was formally informed of the decision. Romain Rolland donated all the prize money to the International Red Cross and French refugee organizations. In 1917, the Russian October Revolution broke out. Romain Rolland, together with famous writers such as France and Barbisset, opposed the intervention of European imperialist countries. He publicly declared: "I am not a Bolshevik, but I think the leader of the Bolsheviks is a great one." The Jacobins of Marxism, they are engaged in a grand social experiment.” In June 1935, Romain Rolland visited the Soviet Union at the invitation of Gorky. And met with Stalin. In September 1937, Romain Rolland bought a house near his hometown of Kramuxi. At the end of May of the next year, he returned to his hometown from Switzerland to settle down. In 1940, the German army occupied Paris, and Romain Rolland himself was closely monitored by the fascists. In August 1944, the Nazis were defeated and Paris was liberated. Only then did he see the light again. On December 30, 1944, Romain Rolland died. He was 78 years old.

Edit this paragraph’s creative history

1. Began publishing works in 1898. Roland's early creative activities focused on the creation of historical dramas. 2. Entering the 20th century, he wrote three consecutive biographies of what he considered "heroes": "The Biography of Beethoven" (1903), "The Biography of Michelangelo" (1906), and "The Biography of Tolstoy" (1911). At the same time, from 1904 to 1912, he created the ten-volume novel "Johan Christophe" which marked a milestone in his artistic and ideological development. 3. The 1920 novel "Pierre et Luce" (French: Pierre et Luce). From 1923 to 1933, he completed the 1 million-word novel "Mother and Son"

Preliminary works

Collection of revolutionary dramas

Including "Group" There are 8 scripts including "Wolf" (1898), "Dandong" (1900), "July 14th" (1902).

Heroic Biography

"The Biography of Beethoven" (1903). "The Life of Michelangelo" (1906) and "The Life of Tolstoy" (1911).

Other works

The novel "Johan Christophe". The novella "Gola Breignon" (1919), and a series of novels reflecting his opposition to war and all violence. Essays on the fear that the collectivist system will hinder individual "spiritual independence" and other ideas. His later works include four novels "Mother and Son" (old translation "The Joyful Soul"): "Anetti and Silevi" (1922) and "Summer" (1924).

Edit this paragraph's later works

"Mother and Son" (1927), "The Prophetess" (1933) and a series of essays, memoirs, papers, etc. Especially in 1931, he published the article "Farewell to the Past", criticizing the path he had taken in the past. From then on, he actively participated in activities to oppose imperialist wars and defend peace, and became a progressive anti-imperialist and anti-fascist literary and artistic warrior.

Edit this paragraph "John Christoph"

"John Christoph" was called "a long narrative poem" by Gorky and was hailed as the greatest romance of the 20th century. ·Roland's Reading Essay

A big novel. This masterpiece has 10 volumes. It takes the life of the protagonist John Christophe as the main line, describing the growth, struggle and ultimate failure of this musical genius. It also has a profound influence on the society of Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy and other countries. Reality, with varying degrees of true portrayal, accuses the destruction of art by capitalist society. The whole book is like a huge symphony. Each volume is a movement with different musical ideas, moods and rhythms. Beginning with "Johan Christophe", Romain Rolland created a unique novel style. This masterpiece won the French Academy Literature Prize in 1913 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915.

This master of modern and contemporary biography literature's "Biography of Famous People" ("Biography of Beethoven" (1903), "Biography of Michelangelo" (1906) and "Biography of Tolstoy" (1911)) are important contributions to contemporary biographies. Literature still has a huge impact. He visited the Soviet Union at the invitation of Stalin in 1935 and wrote the book "Moscow Diary", which contained his expectations for the future of the Soviet Union. Romain Rolland hoped that the shortcomings he saw in the Soviet Union could be solved. Therefore, out of his concern for the Soviet Union For consideration, Romain Rolland did not publish the book at that time, and asked the publishing houses not to publish it for 50 years. The book was published in 1984. Unfortunately, the disintegration of the Soviet Union was not far away at this time, and the author's wish was not realized.

Edit the purpose of this section of "The Biography of Celebrities"

Purpose

He wanted to use the spirit of heroism to correct the trend of the times. He chose the 19th-century German musician Beethoven, the Italian Renaissance sculptor Michelangelo, and the 19th-century Russian writer Tolstoy to write biographies for them, hoping that the spirits of these artistic giants could guide people away from low-level lives. . "Biographies of Celebrities" is composed of "The Biography of Beethoven", "The Biography of Michelangelo" and "The Biography of Tolstoy" by the famous French writer Romain Rolland. They were all created in the early twentieth century. Whether at that time or in later generations, All have had a wide impact. In these three biographies, Romain Rolland did not stick to trivial examinations of the lives of the subjects, nor did he generally trace their creative processes. Instead, he firmly grasped the three artists in their respective fields. The similarities are focused on depicting their mental journeys of enduring suffering for a long time in pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty. Romain Rolland called them "heroes" and wrote about their noble courage to fight against fate and their great feelings to bear the suffering of all mankind with touching pen and ink. It can be said that he composed a "heroic symphony" for us. As early as the 1930s and 1940s, "The Biography of Celebrities" was translated into Chinese by the famous Chinese translator Mr. Fu Lei. The first-class biographer, first-class author and first-class translator made this work quickly become a classic. A masterpiece that is still loved by readers today. The first half of the 20th century was a turbulent and suffering period in human history. Romain Rolland wrote "The Biography of Famous People" and Mr. Fu Lei translated "The Biography of Famous People". They were all inspired by the lives of these great men. Draw the strength to survive and the courage to fight. Mr. Fu Lei said, "When the haze covers the entire sky," the inspiration he got from "The Biography of Celebrities" is: "Only real suffering can drive away the suffering of romantic fantasy; only the heroic tragedy of overcoming suffering can be seen. , can help us bear the cruel fate; only by holding the spirit of 'If I don't go to hell, who will go to hell', can we save a depressed and selfish nation..."

Inspiration to us

Celebrity Biography

So, for today’s readers, what can “Celebrity Biography” give us? In an era where material life is extremely rich but spiritual life is relatively poor, in a society where people avoid the sublime, bid farewell to the sublime and settle for mediocrity, "The Biography of Celebrities" may give us more embarrassment, because the careers of these giants are like A bright mirror makes our despicableness and insignificance clearly visible. We would rather praise their works than feel the greatness of their personalities. At the end of "The Life of Michelangelo", Romain Rolland said that a great soul is like a high mountain, "I don't say that ordinary human beings can survive on the peak. But once a year they should go up and pay homage. There, they can Change the breath in their lungs and the blood flow in their veins. There, they will feel closer to eternity. Later, they will return to the vast plains of life, filled with the courage to fight every day." For our time, this is truly a golden statement.

Confirmed ancient sayings

"The Biography of Celebrities" very well confirms an ancient Chinese saying: Those who have achieved great things in ancient and modern times must not only have extraordinary talents, but also must have perseverance. Indomitable will. Beethoven's "Find shelter in sadness and forbearance", Michelangelo's "The more I suffer, the more I like it", Tolstoy's "I cry, I am in pain, I just want the truth", all show that great life is An endless battle. Our era is ever-changing and full of opportunities. We long for success, but we don’t want to struggle. What we want is overnight success. Impetuousness and eagerness for quick success may make us achieve short-lived achievements, but it will never make us among the immortals among mankind. Therefore, reading "The Biography of Celebrities" may make us sober.

Edit this paragraph of his famous quotes

1. The instinct of youth power is to oppose other youth forces or to selectively combine with them. Because all kinds of ideas are attractive. They first hesitantly explore and try to wander between two or three goals, then make a decision and choose friends from each other. Category: Youth/Thought 2. To despise oneself, betray oneself, and deny one's beliefs by dying is the greatest punishment and the greatest sin in the world. I would rather suffer all the pain and disaster in the world than come to this point. Category: Faith 3. Wisdom and friendship are the only lights that illuminate our dark night. Category: Friendship 4. No one ever reads for the sake of reading. They can only read themselves in books, discover themselves in books, or check themselves. Category: Reading 5. A person’s absolute freedom is madness, and a country’s absolute freedom is chaos. Category: Rules 6. Life is an endless and ruthless battle. Anyone who wants to be a human being must fight against invisible enemies all the time. The fatal forces in instinct, the desires that confuse people's minds, the ambiguous thoughts, the thoughts that corrupt you and cause you to self-destruct are all stubborn enemies of this type. Category: Life 7. Life is an endless, endless, ruthless battle. Anyone who wants to be called a human must always fight against invisible enemies. Category: Life 8. We only revere truth, truth that is free, unlimited, without national boundaries, and truth without racial discrimination or prejudice. Category: Freedom 9. All the joy in life is the joy of creation: the genius of love is all driven by the fire of creation. Category: Life 10. Life is hard. For those who are unwilling to settle for mediocrity, it is a day and night struggle. It is often miserable, without brilliance, without happiness, and is fought in loneliness and silence. ...They can only rely on themselves, but sometimes even the strongest people are not immune to waste in suffering. Category: Life 11. Those of you who are born today, you young people, it is your turn now! Step on our bodies and move forward. May you be greater and happier than we are. Category: Youth 12. I have all the conditions to be happy, and no matter how distressed my spirit is, I think I should always be happy, as long as I can always convey the joy in my heart to others. Category: Youth 13. There is only one truth in the world: be loyal to life and love life. Category: Science 14. A gentle attitude is indeed a great comfort to a despised heart. Category: Friendship 15. The people we call heroes are not those who conquer by thought or strength. The heroes I call are only those who have high moral character. Category: Thought 16. A person’s character determines his fate. If you like to maintain your character, then you have no right to refuse your opportunities. Category: Life 17. Once selfish happiness becomes the only goal in life, life will become goalless. Category: Ideal 18. The age of this girl is exactly the age when a person anesthetizes himself with pleasant and proud dreams. She is always thinking about love, that kind of strong interest and curiosity, if it were not for her ignorance , can hardly be said to be innocent. Category: Love 19. Before you can defeat external enemies, you must first defeat your own internal enemies; you don’t have to be afraid of sinking and falling, as long as you continue to extricate yourself and renew yourself. Category: Life 20. Even if you know half of the truth through your own efforts, it is much better than knowing the whole truth based on what others say. Category: Truth 21. Instead of spending a lot of time and energy digging many shallow wells, it is better to spend the same time and energy digging one deep well. Category: Time 22. The most sensitive barometer of the times is young people. Category: Youth 23. I obey reason, and if necessary, I can sacrifice my friendship, my hatred, and my life for it. Category: Friendship 24. Life is hard. For those who are unwilling to settle for mediocrity, it is a day and night struggle. It is often miserable, without brilliance, without happiness, and is fought in loneliness and silence. ...They can only rely on themselves, but sometimes even the strongest people are not immune to waste in suffering.

Category: Ideal 25 Life is a bow, and the bowstring is a dream Category: Life 26. Even if you know half of the truth through your own efforts, it is better than knowing the whole truth based on what others say. Category: Truth 27. We only revere truth, truth that is free, unlimited, without national boundaries, and truth without racial discrimination or prejudice. Category:Truth 28. I was born to fight. Category: Life 29. Life does not issue round-trip tickets. Once you leave, you will never come back. Category: Ideal 30. He who kills his thoughts is the biggest murderer. Category: Thoughts 31. Life does not issue round-trip tickets. Once you leave, you will never come back. Category: Life 32. There are some countries in the world that are more important, and that is human conscience. Category: Country 33. Life is a gamble. Regardless of whether I gain or lose money in life, as long as there is still one pound of meat left to gamble on, I will gamble on it. Category: Life 34. For a noble goal, I am willing to pay any price. Category: Life 35. All the morals people preach, family morality, social morality, are beautiful only when they lose their egoism, and they sacrifice their own sanctity only for the sake of overly humane loved ones - good children or good spouses. Only beautiful thoughts are beautiful! Category: Thoughts 36 A coward will send his friends to the executioner. Category: Friendship 37. Anyone who can see through the life of a child can see the world buried in the shadows, the nebula being organized, and the universe being brewed. Children's life is infinite, it is everything... Category: Children 38. Those of you who are born today, you young people, now it is your turn! Step on our bodies and move forward. May you be greater and happier than we are. Category: Youth 40. There is only one truth in the world, which is to be loyal to life and love it. Category: Truth 41. What a pity that a person is so addicted to happiness! After selfish happiness becomes the only goal in life, life soon becomes goalless. Category: Life 42. The heaviest burden in life is not work, but boredom. Category: Work 43. All the joy in life is the joy of creation: the genius of love is all driven by the fire of creation. Category: Genius 44. A friend who gets married is no longer the friend he once was. The man's soul is now mingled with some of the women's souls. Category: Friendship 45. Even if you know half of the truth through your own efforts, it is much better than knowing the whole truth based on what others say. Category: Truth 46. Life is a vineyard that we use together, cultivate together, and harvest together. Category: Ideal 47. It is clear that the future does not belong to those who are hesitant, but to those who, once decided, will not give up until they achieve their goals. Category: Diligence 48. Those of you who are born today, you young people, now it is your turn! Step on our bodies and move forward. May you be greater and happier than we are. Category: Youth/Morality 49. Anyone who does not have a sincere and enthusiastic respect for the truth will never have a conscience, a noble life, or nobility. Category: Truth 50. Wisdom and friendship are the only lights that illuminate our dark night. Category: Wisdom 51. A rich nature will wither if it does not feed hungry others. Category: Dedication 52. Believe in yourself first, and then others will believe in you. Category:Talent 53. Doubt and faith, both are necessary. Doubt can destroy yesterday's faith and open the way for tomorrow's faith. Category: Faith Friends see friends transparently, they exchange life with each other. Category: Friendship 54. Life is like a seed, hidden in the depths of life, in the mixture of black soil and human clay, where generations have left their remains. The task of a great life is to separate life from soil. Such procreation takes a lifetime. Category: Life 55. Life is an endless, restless, and ruthless battle. Anyone who wants to be a human being must fight against invisible enemies all the time.

The fatal forces in instinct, the desires that confuse people's minds, the ambiguous thoughts, the thoughts that corrupt you and cause you to self-destruct are all stubborn enemies of this type. Category: Life 56. Happiness is a fragrance of the soul and the harmony of a singing heart. And the most beautiful music of the soul is compassion. Category: Youth 57. When a person is young, he needs to have an illusion and feel that he is participating in the great activities of the world, where he is revolutionizing the world. His senses will vibrate with all the breath of the universe, and he feels so free and relaxed. He is not burdened with a family, has nothing, and has nothing to fear. Because I have nothing, I can generously give up everything. Category: Freedom 58. Wisdom and friendship are the only lights that illuminate our dark night. Category: Friendship 59. Anyone who has met a friendly person in the world and experienced the state of sincerity has tasted the joy of heaven and earth. Category: Friendship 60. Even if we are motionless, time is moving for us. And the passing of days is to take away the illusions we hope to keep. Category: Time 61. If you want to monopolize the truth, the truth will laugh at you. Category: Truth 62. Life is a never-ending factory, and there is no place for lazy people. Get to work! Create it! Category: Life 63. Only with friends can life show its full value. Category: Friendship 64. Without great character, there would be no great people, not even great artists or great actors. Category: Morality 65. I am willing to pay any price for a noble goal. Category: Ideal 66. It is one thing to talk about theory calmly and another thing to put your thoughts into practice-especially when you need to make a prompt decision. Category: Thought 67. An ideal is a force! Category: Ideal 68. All the morals that people preach, family morality, social morality, are beautiful only if they lose their egoism, and only when they sacrifice their own holiness for the sake of an overly humane loved one - a good child or a good spouse. Only beautiful thoughts are beautiful! Category: Cultivation 69. A serious attitude towards peer-to-peer work and a high degree of integrity form a balance between freedom and order Category: Work 70. What is life? It is not what cold reason and our naked eyes see, but what we imagine it to be. The rhythm of life is love. Category: Life 71. Once selfish happiness becomes the only goal in life, life will become goalless. Category: Life 72. I don’t call people who surpass others with their thoughts and strength, I call them heroes only those who make themselves greater with their hearts. Category: Thoughts 73. Only with the balanced rhythm of light and darkness, and the rhythm of children's life, can the endless and unpredictable years appear. Category: Children 74. The serious attitude of peer-to-peer work and high integrity form a balance between freedom and order Category: Freedom 75. When a person is young, he needs to have an illusion and feel that he is participating in the great activities of the world. The world is being revolutionized there, and his senses will vibrate with all the breath of the universe, feeling so free and relaxed. He is not burdened with a family, has nothing, and has nothing to fear. Because I have nothing, I can generously give up everything. Category: Friendship 76. People cannot define a time category for passion Category: Time 77. All the morals people promote, family morality, social morality, are beautiful only if they lose egoism, and only for those who are overly humane—— A good son or daughter or a good spouse—and is good only at the expense of his own holy thoughts! Category: Morality 78. The whole life is a matter of days. Only the damn dreamer would put himself in the ethereal world instead of seizing the fleeting time before his eyes. Category: Time 79. Without great character, there would be no great people, not even great artists or great actors. Category: Cultivation 80. People often feel that the preparation stage is a waste of time. Only when a real opportunity comes and they are unable to grasp it, can they realize that their lack of preparation is a waste of time. Category: Time 81. Faith is not a knowledge. Faith is an act that only has meaning when it is practiced.

Category: Belief 82. It is immoral to live a mediocre and contented life. And the man who voluntarily withdraws from a fight is a coward. Category: Morality 83. I obey reason, and if necessary, I can sacrifice my friendship, my hatred, and my life for it. Category: Truth 84. Some people find it a joy to be able to sacrifice their lives and to use sacrifice to express deep and selfless sympathy for mankind. Category: Dedication 85. Only with the balanced rhythm of light and darkness, and the rhythm of children's lives, can the endless, unpredictable and profound years appear. Category: Children 86. The people we call heroes are not those who conquer by thought or strength. The heroes I call are only those who have high moral character. Category: Morality 87. With friends, life can show its full value. Category: Friendship 88. All the joy in life is the joy of creation: the genius of love is all driven by the fire of creation. Category: Love 89. All the morals that people preach, family morality, social morality, are beautiful only if they lose their egoism, and only when they sacrifice their own holiness for the sake of an overly humane loved one - a good child or a good spouse. Only beautiful thoughts are beautiful! Category: Society 90. If a person wants to help the weak, he should become a strong person himself, instead of becoming a weak person like them. For those who have done bad things, be lenient, if you will. Never relax about the bad things they will do. Category: Cultivation 91. We only revere truth, truth that is free, unlimited, without national boundaries, and truth without racial discrimination or prejudice. Category: Science 92. Life is a never-ending factory, and there is no place for lazy people there. Get to work! Create it! Category: Ideal 93. Whoever has the will to make progress can achieve it. Category: Ambition 94. The numerous traumas are the best thing life can give you, because every trauma marks a step forward. Category: Life 95. True happiness is: becoming completely objective and thus reflecting one's ambitions. Category: Youth 96. Life is a vineyard shared by everyone, cultivated together, and harvested together. Category: Life 97. This world is not perfect. Those who love are usually not loved, and those who are loved usually do not love others. Those who love each other will be separated sooner or later. Category: Love 98. Most people fall into love at the age of twenty or thirty. Dead: after this age they become only a shadow of themselves; the rest of their lives are but imitations of themselves, taking what was said, done, thought, and liked in a truly human age. It is repeated day by day, and the way of repetition becomes more and more mechanical and out of touch. ——"John Christopher" 99. Everyone studies themselves from books, either to discover themselves or to control themselves. Category: Life 100. See the world clearly and then love it. Category;Life