1. Twenty-three, sacrifice to the kitchen official; twenty-four, clean the house; twenty-five, grind tofu; twenty-six, cut the meat; twenty-seven, kill a chicken; twenty-eight, steam On the 29th day of the lunar month, I went to get a drink; on the 30th day of the year, I made dumplings; on the first day of the junior high school, I stuck my buttocks out and made random bows.

2. Dumplings on the first day of the lunar month, noodles on the second day of the lunar month, home transfers on the third day of the lunar month, fried eggs with pancakes on the fourth day of the lunar month, kneading dough on the fifth and sixth day of the lunar month, fried rice cakes on the seventh and eighth day of the lunar month, fried rice cakes on the ninth and tenth day of the lunar month White rice, porridge with eight treasures on the 11th and 12th days, soup balls on the 13th and 14th days, and Yuan Xiaoyuan on the 15th day of the first lunar month.

3. Rich people celebrate the New Year, while poor people celebrate the New Year. If you look at the New Year carefully, the elderly are afraid of the New Year.

4. Children, don’t be greedy, it’s the New Year after Laba Festival; drink Laba porridge for a few days, it’s twenty-three; twenty-three, sticky melons; clean the house on twenty-four ; Twenty-five, frozen tofu; Twenty-six, go buy meat; Twenty-seven, slaughter the rooster; Twenty-eight, make the noodles; Twenty-nine, steam the buns; Stay up all night on the thirtieth; First and second day of the lunar month Walk all over the streets.

5. Twenty-three, promise to return it; twenty-four, I swear; twenty-five, find my aunt; twenty-six, find my uncle; twenty-seven, don’t be anxious; twenty-eight, Think about it again; twenty-nine, there will be tomorrow; we don’t see each other at thirty, but we will give up when we meet on the first day of the new year.

6. On the twenty-sixth, steam the steamed buns; on the twenty-seventh, wash them; on the twenty-eighth, post New Year pictures; on the twenty-nine, look at the door; on the thirty-seventh day, eat dumplings.

Extended information:

1. Origin of the festival

As for the history of the Spring Festival, there is a lack of documents from ancient times. In ancient times, there was no way to directly confirm the origin of the Spring Festival, resulting in There are many legends about the origin of the Spring Festival, among which there are several more representative ones:

The Spring Festival originated from the "La Festival (Tian La) theory", from the "Emperor's age-fixing theory", from Originated from the "Witchcraft Ritual Theory", the "Ghost Festival Theory", the "Ancient Harvest Sacrifice Theory", and the "Shun Successor to the Chief of the Tribal Alliance Theory" (it is said that Shun succeeded the emperor, but the title of "Emperor" It first started in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became popular in the Han Dynasty) and so on.

According to research, the origin of the Spring Festival evolved from the ancient people in ancient times who determined the four-season cycle based on celestial phenomena and phenology. The original meaning of the concept of year comes from agriculture. "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "Nian means that the grain is ripe.

" In ancient times, the maturity of crops was used as a time mark. Later, with the advancement of calendar knowledge, according to the astronomical phenomena and Phenology is used to determine the starting point and end point of the four seasons cycle, and the year becomes the general term for the four seasons of the year. The earth revolves around the sun once, which is called a year in the calendar, and the cycle repeats endlessly. According to the different seasonal climates of spring, summer, autumn and winter, people use the first day of the first lunar month as the beginning of the year. Since ancient times, people have emphasized the significance of the Spring Festival as the beginning of the year.

"Pangu King Biao" records: "The Emperor first made the names of the stems and branches to determine the location of the year." "Shangshu Da Zhuan" says: "The first day of the first month is the dynasty of the year, the dynasty of the month, and the dynasty of the sun, so it is called: 'Three Chaos', also called: 'Three Beginnings'." This means that the first day of the first lunar month is the dynasty of the year. The beginning of the year, the beginning of January, the beginning of the day; the beginning of the year is called the beginning of the year (Lunar New Year, Spring Festival); it is commonly known as "Chinese New Year" or "Chinese New Year" among the people.

2. Time evolution

Before the Spring Festival, it was also called "New Year's Day", which was on the first day of the first lunar month. However, the set dates of the first month of the Chinese dynasties are not consistent:

The Xia Dynasty used Meng Chun (i.e. the first month) as the first month.

The Shang Dynasty used the twelfth lunar month (twelfth lunar month) as the first lunar month.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms, he stipulated that October would be the first month, and the Qin calendar was followed in the early Han Dynasty.

In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, 104 BC, astronomers Luo Xiahong and Deng Ping formulated the "Taichu Calendar", which changed the original October as the beginning of the year to Meng Chun as the beginning of the year. Later generations basically gradually improved this into the lunar calendar (ie lunar calendar) we use today, and Luo Xiahong is also known as the "Spring Festival Old Man". Since then, China has continued to use the Xia calendar (lunar calendar, also known as the lunar calendar) until the end of the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 2080 years.

The Spring Festival in ancient times refers to the "beginning of spring" day among the twenty-four solar terms. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Spring Festival was even generally referred to as the entire spring.

After the Revolution of 1911, people gradually switched to the Gregorian calendar. In order to distinguish the two festivals of the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, people renamed the first day of the first lunar month of the Lunar New Year the Spring Festival.

3. Name changes

In different eras, the Spring Festival has different names:

In the pre-Qin period, it was called "Shangri", "Yuanri", "Gai". "Sui", "Xian Sui", etc.; in the Han Dynasty, it was also called "Three Dynasties", "Sui Dan", "Zheng Dan", "Zheng Ri"; in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called "Yuan Chen" and "Yuan Ri" , "head of state", "Sui Dynasty", etc.; in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, it was called "New Year's Day", "Yuan", "Suiri", "Xinzheng", "Xinyuan", etc.; in the Qing Dynasty, it was always called "New Year's Day" ” or “Yuan Day”.

After the Revolution of 1911, the Beiyang Government of the Republic of China adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1912, but used the "Republic of China" calendar, with January 1st as the first day of the Gregorian calendar. 1) "Spring Festival" is regarded as the beginning of the lunar year, which is the beginning of the year.

On September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference decided to adopt the "AD calendar method" and call January 1 of the Gregorian calendar "New Year's Day", while the first day of the first lunar month of the lunar calendar is still called "New Year's Day". "Spring Festival". After 1970, the "Xia Calendar" was renamed the "Lunar Calendar".

4. Content development

In ancient times, there were the prototypes of the Ganzhi calendar and the year of the year. According to the ancient document "San Ming Tong Hui": "The Emperor first made the names of the stems and branches to determine the location of the year." The invention of the stems and branches marked the emergence of the most primitive calendar, which was used with numbers to calculate years. "Poetry·Binfeng·July" records the joyful gathering scene of people making wine and slaughtering sheep after the harvest. "In October, we harvest rice, and we drink spring wine to celebrate our longevity. ... In October, we wash the field, ... it is said to kill the lambs. ...Longevity without borders."

During the Han Dynasty, ancestor worship was an important activity and custom during the Spring Festival. Cui Shi of the Eastern Han Dynasty mentioned in the "April Civil Order" that "the first day of the first lunar month is called the first day. I will lead my wife and children to worship my ancestors." The custom of celebrating the New Year on the first day of the first lunar month has become more and more abundant.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the custom of staying up late on New Year’s Eve had already been formed. It is recorded in "Fengtu Ji" written by Zhou Chu of the Jin Dynasty: On New Year's Eve, everyone sends gifts to each other, which is called "giving gifts to the new year"; the elders and the young get together to celebrate and complete the blessings, which is called "dividing the new year"; they stay up all year long to wait for the dawn. , called "staying up late on the New Year's Eve".

In the Tang Dynasty, in addition to visiting the door to pay New Year greetings, people also invented a kind of "New Year greeting card". Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, made greeting cards with red gold foil and wrote "The whole world celebrates" and gave them to ministers. This form quickly became popular among the people, and plum blossom paper was used instead. At that time, this kind of "New Year's greetings" was called "flying invitations".

People in the Song Dynasty began to eat dumplings during the Chinese New Year. The Song Dynasty called dumplings "jiaozi". In the Song Dynasty, it was common to use paper-wrapped gunpowder to make firecrackers. The custom of setting off firecrackers on New Year's Eve and Spring Festival gradually became popular. "Tokyo Menghualu" says: "It's night, the firecrackers are roaring in the forbidden area, and the sound is heard outside." By the Ming Dynasty, receiving the kitchen god, sticking to the door god, staying up late on New Year's Eve, and viewing lanterns on the 15th day of the year were all popular.

The "Wanli Jiaxing Prefecture Chronicles" records: "On New Year's Eve, the door gods, peach charms, spring posts, and Jingkuma are all sealed. Firecrackers are burnt purple, wine and fruit are set up to drink, and gongs and drums are played all night long, which is called keeping the year old. ”

The Qing Dynasty attached great importance to celebrating the New Year, and the palace celebrated the New Year very luxuriously. The emperor had the custom of writing blessings and giving gifts to his ministers. The Chinese New Year lasts until the Lantern Festival, and guessing lantern riddles is a very popular way to have fun.

The Revolution of 1911 brought about a new era. The government promoted the new calendar and there was no longer a traditional holiday during the New Year. In terms of etiquette, new etiquette such as taking off hats, bowing, shaking hands, and applauding have gradually become "civilized rituals" in Chinese interpersonal communication.