Silkworm ode
| "Spring silkworms die, and tears begin to dry in the twilight years" (Li Shangyin has no title). According to legend, sericulture began in Luo Zu during the Yellow Emperor period of the Yuan Dynasty, with a history of more than 5,200 years. In a word, silkworms are full of troubles and have made great contributions to mankind. The poet expressed his feelings with the famous sentence "Spring silkworms die, night candles burn their wick", expressing his ambition of "riding an old mark hard" and his heart of "doing his best". Zhang Ji's poem "Tian Jia Xing" in the Tang Dynasty said: "Wild silkworms don't make cocoons, and autumn moths are born among leaves." The phenomena of pupation and cocoon emergence of silkworm are described.
Chant
The emergence period of cicadas is mostly in summer, so there is a poem "cicadas sing empty mulberry leaves, and it is cold in August at the border" (Wang Changling's First Song). The male cicada has sound generators on both sides of the ventral base, and sings and sings by vibrating sound generators. If there is dew or heavy rain in the morning, cicadas will stop singing. So there is a poem "You're gone". The river is high in front of my door, and the cicada is silent "(Li Shangyin's Falling Flowers).
Although there is a poem "Leaning on Chai Men, I listen to the cicada in the evening breeze" (Wang Wei's "A Letter to Pei Di from Wangchuan"), it expresses the poet's carefree mood. But there are also poems that express the poet's lofty and homesickness by cicada singing.
For example, "the cicadas in the west sing, and the guests in the south think" (Luo, "Chanting in Prison"). In its preface, the author's virtue is described incisively and vividly by cicada!
| "And tonight, in the cold sunset-in the wind, a cicada is singing and pressing on my heart" (Meng Haoran's Qin Zhong sent people far away), expressing the poet's thoughts for friends far away. Dai Shulun wrote in the poem "Painting Cicada": "Drinking and exposing He Jie, the charm is longer. There are thousands of trees in the sunset, and there is nowhere to hide. " It can be regarded as an artistic reproduction of the idiom "mantis catches cicada, yellowbird comes last".
Dream butterfly
Dream butterfly in Zhuang Zhou became an important theme for literati to express their feelings through things, and dream butterfly became synonymous with dreams.
| Du Fu's poem "Two Poems of Qujiang" wrote: "Piercing butterflies is deep, and water dragonflies fly slowly." Butterflies fly in the flowers for food, mating, laying eggs, laying eggs with water, flying at the touch, lifelike.
| Xie Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty described in Butterfly: "Crazy catkins are sometimes seen, where to find a pear flower."
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yang Wanli wrote the poem "Two Things in Xugongdian, a New City": "Children are chasing Huang Die, and cauliflower is nowhere to be found.
Flapping fireflies
| "Qiu Guang painted a cold screen with a silver candle and vibrated a small fan to fly fireflies" ("Autumn Night" Du Mu), which is a wonderful sentence in Tang poetry and has long been widely known. Fireflies belong to COLEOPTERA Fireflies, and their larvae often feed on small insects in rotten grass piles, so there is a mistake of "rotten grass is firefly".
Fireflies have the habit of staying up all day and staying out at night, so there is a poem "Fireflies fly on the throne, and he meditates in the twilight." , he will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. " (Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow), describing the scene of Emperor Tang Ming thinking about Yang Yuhuan at night.
Insect control
| Tang Dynasty's "Reclamation Word" Dai Shulun: "When the grasshopper arrives at the new river, the young crops will eat the dead branches. After catching locusts, I returned to the empty house. There was no inch in the bag and no millet in the bottle. "
| Bai Juyi's "Catching Locusts": "Recommended food is like silkworms flying like rain, locusts erode thousands of miles, and Songka has no young crops."
Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty wrote a poem: "This spring is warm, and there are more cockroaches on the ground than soil. If you are worried, once you spread your wings and have a windy tone, you won't vomit. "
There is also a famous saying in Guo Dun in the Ming Dynasty: "The locusts cover the sky and the sun is colorless, and Laotian's tears are full of blood, clothes can't be caught, and big leaves are empty."
When it comes to China's insect culture, we have to mention Ou Yangxun in the Tang Dynasty. According to some experts' research, The Selected Works compiled by Ou Yangxun in 64 1 year is the earliest collection of historical materials of insect culture scattered among the people in China. It contains poems about cicadas, butterflies, mosquitoes, flies, moths, ants, locusts, bees, crickets, inchworms, gladiators and other insects. Later, poems and songs about insects appeared constantly in poems. For example, more than 2,000 years ago, the Book of Songs, National Style and July had "the geese moved their shares in May, and the chickens regained their feathers in June". I was in the wild in July, in August, at home in September, and crickets came under my bed in October "; Zuo Si's "Du Wei Fu" contains "a clear curtain is like a spider web, and a weak pawn is like a mantis guard"; Yang Xiong, an ancient man, said, "Carve a worm, but a strong man won't do it"; Li Shizhen recorded more than 70 articles about insect drugs in Compendium of Materia Medica, with many vivid descriptions. For example, dung beetles are called dung beetles and generals because of their deep eyes, high nose, strong beard, dark armor and bravery. In ancient times, there were many monographs on sericulture and beekeeping, such as the Silkworm Sutra written by King Huainan. Song Yuanming's Silkworm Book and Introduction to Art Mulberry; Sericulture collection in Qing dynasty; Qi Yao Minshu of the post-Wei Dynasty; There is a saying in Er Ya Yi in Tang and Song Dynasties, "Bees sting people and bite into human flesh, and they can't come back, and they want to die." And so on, not only embodies a considerable scientific level, but also involves many materials for insect culture. According to China Ancient Agricultural Books, the ancient white wax insect in China was first known abroad by the British missionary N Terry galt, who described it in 165 1. Since then, the news spread to Europe, and W. Lockhart sent samples of ash trees from Shanghai to Britain for research in 65438 and 0853. 19 13, American E.H. Wilson made a special trip to China to inspect the volcanic ash in Sichuan. It can be seen that insects have played a bridge role in international folk cultural exchanges long ago. There are also many insects that decorated people's lives in obscurity in ancient times. For example, in the Qin and Han Dynasties, people raised cicadas for entertainment. Gu Tao's "Qing Louis" recorded the custom of competing cicadas in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, which was called "Fairy Insect Club" in history. Scarabs were used as decorations and toys seven or eight hundred years ago. "Wu Fang Ji of Yizhou" records: "Scarab is green and golden, and the villagers take it as a decoration for women." There is a record in "Return to the Heart and Miscellaneous Knowledge" that "A can fly, and its color is like gold, and it is definitely a small turtle, and children take pleasure in it". Chitin worms are also used as decorations. Chen Changqi, Beetle, Beetle, also has green back and green wings under the armor; Out of bincheng state in lingnan, people take their place, which makes people like to love each other. "