1, Inner Saint and Outer King:
Source: Pre-Qin Zhuang Zhou's Zhuangzi Tianxia: "The sage inside and the king outside are the Tao. It's dark and unknown, it's depressing and impossible to make. People in the world have their own desires and are self-centered. "
It means: Therefore, the way of inner saints and outer kings is dark and unknown, and the world does whatever it wants without giving play to it.
Analysis:
The inner saint means that his heart is devoted to spiritual cultivation, and the outer king means that he is like a king in social activities. This does not mean that he must be the head of government of a country. From a realistic point of view, it is often impossible for a saint to become a political leader. "Saint inside and king outside" means that a political leader should have a noble heart. It doesn't matter whether a person with such a heart becomes a political leader.
2. Self-cultivation:
Source: The Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' Cultivate one's morality with respect'." Say, "Is that all?" Say:' it is safe to cultivate yourself.' "
Confucius said, "Cultivate one's morality and keep one's family in order." Lutz said, "Is that enough?" Confucius said, "cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's nature, which makes the upper class happy." ?
Interpretation: Improve self-cultivation and make people happy.
Extended data
The historical development of inner saints and outer kings
Confucius divided people into gentlemen and villains by virtue, and put people with virtue in a high position. In his "six arts" education, etiquette, music, books and figures are divided into prose, and shooting and bending are divided into martial arts. It can be seen that it is both civil and military.
However, with the development of history, Confucianism has appeared a situation of emphasizing literature over martial arts, and being sage inside and king outside.
The history of the formation and development of the Confucian theory of "sage inside and king outside" can be divided into the stages of reformism and utilitarianism in Song Dynasty; The stage of mind learning and practical learning in Ming dynasty; The Qing dynasty advocated practical learning, and at the end of the Qing dynasty, under the attack of European powers, westernization and national bourgeois reformism appeared; The Three People's Principles in the Republic of China and the occurrence stage of contemporary neo-Confucian cultural phenomena.
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