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Chinese name: Jay
Latin scientific name: Garrulus glandarius
Field: animal kingdom
Phylum: Chordata phylum
Subphylum: Vertebrate subphylum
Category: birds
Subclass: subclass of birds today
Order: passeriformes
Family: Ravidae
Genus: Jay
Species: Jay
Subspecies: 34 species
Distribution: Europe, Northwest Africa, Himalayas, Middle East, Japan and Southeast Asia.
Naming time: Linnai, 1758
English name: Eurasian Jay
English name: Jay
catalogue
Appearance characteristics
habitat
Living habits
distribution range
Breeding mode
Subspecies differentiation
Protection level
launch
Appearance characteristics
habitat
Living habits
distribution range
Breeding mode
Subspecies differentiation
Protection level
launch
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Appearance characteristics
Jay China subspecies has many differentiation, and its feather color changes greatly. The forehead, crown, pillow, head side, back neck and neck side of Northeast Asian species are reddish brown or brown, with black longitudinal stripes from crown to back neck, and the base of forehead and the tip of feather covering the mouth are black. The back, shoulders and waist are grayish brown, especially the upper back and shoulders are brown or reddish brown. The tail is covered with white feathers, and it is black with a slight blue luster. The outermost pair of tail feathers and the base of tail feathers are light and light brown. Kohane is brownish red, the base of middle feather is dark brown, the tip is brownish red with dark brown longitudinal stripes, and the base of big feather, primary feather and secondary flying feather has black, white and blue horizontal spots, which are very eye-catching. The other secondary flight feathers are black, and the outer limbs are semi-white near the base, forming obvious white wing spots. The primary flight feathers are dark brown, the outer limbs are grayish white, the inner limbs of the inner third flight feathers are dark chestnut, and the ends are velvet black. There is an oval black spot at the base of the lower mouth, which extends backward to the neck. The chin and throat are gray, the chest, abdomen and sides are red or light brown, and the perianal and tail feathers are gray to white. Other subspecies are similar to those in Northeast Asia, but Yunnan subspecies has a white forehead and a black head, while common subspecies and Tibetan subspecies have no black longitudinal stripes on their heads and secondary flight feathers have no white base. The black longitudinal stripes on the top of Gansu subspecies and Beijing subspecies are thinner, and the white spots at the base of secondary flight feathers are smaller.
The iris is gray or light brown, the mouth is black, the skin is brown, and the claws are dark brown.
Weight ♂ 135- 175g, ♀120-190g; Body length ♂300-360mm, ♀ 300-350 mm; Mouth peak ♂25-33mm, ♀ 23-33 mm; Wing ♂ 160-2 10mm, ♀165-192mm; Tail ♂ 150- 184mm, ♀150-175 mm; Tarsometatarsal ♂32-48mm, ♀3 1-49mm. [ 1]
(Note: Male-♂; Female-♀)
Jay (Figure 2)
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Jay (Figure 3)
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Jay (Figure 4)
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habitat
Jay is a kind of forest bird, which lives in coniferous forest, mixed coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest and other forests all the year round, and sometimes goes to sparse forest and natural secondary forest on the edge of forest, which is rarely seen in plain cultivated land. In winter, you can occasionally go to the cultivated land near the forest settlement or the roadside jungle for food. Resident birds often wander in a certain range. [ 1]
Jay (Figure 5)
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Jay (Figure 6)
[2]
Jay (Figure 7)
[2]
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Living habits
In addition to the breeding season, we often see activities in pairs. In other seasons, small groups of 3-5 birds wander around, perch on tree tops, hide in leaves, jump from branch to branch or fly from tree to tree from time to time, and occasionally make rough and monotonous calls, especially when flying from tree to tree. The cry is like "ga-ga -ar". People usually don't sing when they enter the village, and even less in winter.
The diet is miscellaneous, and the food composition changes with the season and environment. During the breeding period, beetles, longicorn beetles, geometrid moths, Dendrolimus punctatus, weevils, cutworms and other insects and insect larvae mainly feed, as well as spiders, eggs, chickens and other animals. In autumn, winter and early spring, they mainly feed on the fruits and seeds of plants such as pine nuts, acorns, chestnuts, berries and grass seeds, and also eat some insects. Sometimes they steal crops such as corn from the farmland on the edge of the forest and tussah raised by silkworm farmers from the oak forest. Food such as leftover seeds that can't be eaten is often stored on the ground and then often discarded. [ 1]
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distribution range
Jay distribution diagram
[3] Distributed in Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece and Hong Kong; Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, South Korea, People's Republic of China (PRC), Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg. Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and Viet Nam. [4]
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Breeding mode
The breeding season is from April to July. Many nests are built in coniferous forests and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests near alpine streams and river banks, and also in dense broad-leaved forests. The nesting time varies slightly with different regions and climates. In the northeast of China, nesting began at the end of April and the beginning of May, usually on the hidden branches at the top of tall trees. The nest is cup-shaped, mainly composed of dead branches, hay, fine roots and moss, with fine roots and feathers inside. The size of the nest is 19-27cm in outer diameter, 12- 15cm in inner diameter, 8- 17cm in height, 4-8cm in depth and 5- 10m in height from the ground. In 1 year, it breeds 1 nest, and each nest produces 3- 10 eggs, usually 5-8 eggs. Eggs are grayish blue, green or grayish yellow, and the surface is covered with purplish brown, grayish brown or yellowish brown spots, especially blunt ends. The size of eggs is 28.5-33.0mm× 22.0-24.5mm. The brooding period is 17 1 day. Chickens mature late and are bred by male and female parents, and the nesting period is 19-20 days. [ 1]
Jay (Figure 8)
[5]
Jay (Figure 9)
[5]
Jay (photo 10)
[5]
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Subspecies differentiation
All subspecies
(34 species) [6]
1. Ireland Garrulus Glandarius Hibernicus is distributed in Ireland.
Jay (figure 1 1)
[5]
2. Red-bellied incense is distributed in Scotland, England, Wales and France.
3.Garrulus glandarius glandarius is distributed in central and northern Europe, east to the Urals.
4. The narrow-bellied gaston dragon is distributed in Spanish and Portuguese.
5. Corsican pikas are distributed in Corsica Island.
6. pikas are distributed in Sardinia.
7. White-breasted resident birds are distributed in Italy, Sicily and Dalmatia.
Jay (photo 12)
[5]8.Garrulus glandarius graecus is distributed in the western Balkans, including Greece.
9.Garrulus glandarius ferdinandi is distributed in eastern Bulgaria and neighboring central Thrace.
10. Ravens are distributed in Crete.
Garrulus glandarius glaszneri is distributed in Cyprus.
12. Garrulus glandarius Whitaker I is distributed in northern Morocco and northwest Algeria.
13. Little Caroline is distributed around Morocco, Sahara Desert and Algeria.
14. pikas are distributed in Algeria and Tunisia.
15. Garrulus glandarius Samios is distributed in southeastern Greece (Samos, possibly Kos) and the Aegean Sea.
16. Partridges are distributed in Turkey, Iraq and Iran.
17. pheasants are distributed in Crimea.
18. Garrulus glandarius Krynicki is distributed in the Caucasus and northeastern Turkey.
19. Garrulus Glandarius Atricapylus is distributed in parts of Syria, Jordan and Israel.
20.Garrulus glandarius hyrcanus is distributed in the forests of southwest Azerbaijan and northern Iran.
2 1. Aroma rubrum is distributed from Urals to Siberia, Mongolia, China, North Korea and Hokkaido.
22. Partridges in Gansu are distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and northwest Sichuan in China.
23. Beijing Kaga is located in Liaoning, Beijing, Shanxi and Hebei in China.
24. Japanese sea bream is distributed in Honshu Island and Oshima Island, Japan.
25. Gexianhua is distributed in Sadoshima.
26. Kaga with spiny throat is distributed in Kyushu Island.
27. Yakushima, Japan is distributed with red belly and incense.
28. Both China and northern Myanmar are distributed.
29. Taiwan Province Caribbean pine is distributed in Taiwan Province Province, China.
30. Black-crowned resident birds are distributed in the western Himalayas and east of western Nepal.
3 1. Larks are distributed in the eastern Himalayas, southeastern Tibet and Assam.
32.Garrulus glandarius oatesi is located in the northwest of Myanmar.
33. Garrulus Glandarius Haringtoni is located in western Myanmar.
34. Larks are distributed in central and eastern Myanmar, southern China (southern Yunnan), south-central Thailand and zhina.
China subspecies
Beijing Jay subspecies (scientific name: Beijing Jay) Northeast Asia species (scientific name: Beijing Jay)
Megalobrama sinica subsp. Yunnan (scientific name: Megalobrama sinica)
Northern Xinjiang Jay subspecies (scientific name: Granjays)
Jay Taiwan Province subspecies (scientific name: Taiwan Province Jay)
Jay Tibetan subspecies (scientific name: lark)
Common subspecies of Jay (scientific name: lark)
Western jackdaw Gansu subspecies (scientific name: Gansu Western jackdaw) [7]
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Protection level
It is listed in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species VER 3. 1- Low Risk (LC)20 12. [4]