1. Projection effect

Be wary of “what you think” and “what you think”

Many people always have the illusion that others are targeting them in their workplace life. , and even felt that he had met a colleague with "ulterior motives". In fact, this may just be because the other person does not agree with your ideas and does things in a way that is contrary to yours, which leads to psychological projection in you and makes you feel that the other person does not like you. In the workplace, if you think from a different perspective instead of blindly thinking that the other person has "ulterior motives," you may find that your colleagues are actually very friendly towards you.

2. Reciprocity effect

The Golden Principle and the Anti-Golden Principle

People should try to repay others for everything they have done for us in the same way. In the workplace In the workplace, you cannot blindly ask for work or push responsibilities to your colleagues. You must learn to have exchanges and mutual benefits.

3. Broken window effect

The power of group inertia

This should be the most well-known psychological effect. This effect is very important in the workplace. It is very common. A simple example is that when everyone is working overtime, you will also work overtime unconsciously. When everyone is talking in a low voice, you will also be talking in a low voice. This is caused by the broken window effect. Group inertia. What we need to pay attention to is whether our behavior is what we want to do, or whether we are following the inertia of the group.

4. Threshold effect

Talking well may not necessarily mean doing good things

To put it simply, when a person accepts a trivial request from others, he will become more Be receptive to larger requests. Therefore, you must be careful in the workplace to avoid being stepped in. When a colleague asks you to help him with some small requests, you have to think about whether these requests will cause you trouble, because these requests are just the beginning, and there will be more and bigger requests waiting for you later.

5. Expectation effect

What you expect is what you should chase

When you expect yourself to become a confident person, and hint to yourself If you succeed, you will become confident. This is the magic of the expectation effect. In the workplace, when you imply that you are an excellent person, you are likely to become an excellent person. So, expect more from yourself and tell yourself I can do it, and then you will become the best person in the workplace.

6. Bystander effect

Please pay attention to the diffusion of your responsibilities

When an old man falls on the ground and there is only one person around him, most people They will help the old man up, but if there are a group of people around, the responsibilities will be scattered, resulting in no one to help the old man up. Therefore, when you encounter a problem in the workplace, be sure not to ask a group of people for advice at the same time.

7. Stereotype effect

Eliminate preconceptions

The so-called stereotype effect is what we call stereotype, which refers to people’s perception of a certain type of people in life. A relatively fixed and generalized view. Before having actual contact, you will look at people with a preconceived notion. For example, southerners are more shrewd, while northerners are more generous; young people like to waste, while older people are more thrifty. In the workplace, some working women are often labeled by others. When driving a luxury car, they are said to be "being taken care of". Those with high positions are those with strong backgrounds in their families. And often this stereotype will cause you to miss out on a lot of resources and connections. As the saying goes, what you hear is false, but what you see is true. Eliminate preconceived notions, look at a person rationally, and consciously look for information that is different from what you heard, and you may make different discoveries. Not only do you need to listen to information, but you also need to interact deeply with people. Only by actual contact can you understand the people you are contacting, and constantly look for and verify the information you are looking for.

8. The Embarrassing Effect

Small flaws attract a large number of fans

Is there a psychology behind making a fool of yourself? Yes! According to an experiment: people participating in the test were asked to listen to recordings of several people answering questions. Some of the recordings included the sound of a coffee cup being knocked over. When subjects were asked to rate several people in the recording, the group that spilled their coffee received a higher favorable rating. There's something attractive about making mistakes. It's called the "fuck-off effect": People who are completely flawless are less likable than those who occasionally make small mistakes. If you mess up something, you can get closer to others and make others feel that you are down-to-earth. On the contrary, perfection creates a sense of distance, and being impeccable is boring. It's always the people with a little shortcoming who succeed in the end.

9. Pygmalion Effect

Believe in the power of "belief"

The key to this psychological phenomenon is that the prediction is self-fulfilling: you believe in yourself What kind of person you are, you will eventually become that person. This psychological phenomenon has the same effect as the function of psychological suggestion, that is, one person's expectations for another person will eventually self-fulfill. Reasonable use of the "Pygmalion Effect" is not only beneficial to personal development, but also conducive to the construction of personal leadership. For individuals, you can challenge yourself by setting higher goals and more difficult tasks, and work more actively to overcome difficulties. And as a leader, if you expect more from your team, your team will reward you with better results.

10. The Dilemma of Choice

Understanding Dilemma of Choice

There is a famous jam experiment in which some high-quality jams were placed in a gourmet food store. jams and tasting samples. In one of the tests, the experimenters offered six different varieties, and in another, they offered 24. The results showed that in the test with a smaller variety of jams, 30% of people ended up buying a bottle of jam. In a test with a wider selection of jams, only 3% of customers bought the item. It can be seen that in order to weigh many choices, people have to make extra efforts, which increases the pressure and reduces the joy of making decisions. A simple way to deal with this “choice dilemma” is to reduce your options. Do only what makes you happy and live a life that makes you feel meaningful.

11. Spotlight effect

Imaginary "spotlight"

We will feel that our behavior is always under the attention of the outside world, but in fact this Just out of personal imagination. Once we make a mistake, we tend to think suspiciously. In fact, that mistake has no impact on reality. This is the spotlight effect. In fact, others don’t notice the moment you make a mistake. It’s because you are overthinking it. You don't get as much attention from others as you think. Realizing this can make you feel more comfortable in public situations and give you more freedom to be yourself. And if you know that the actual consequences of making a mistake are not as serious as you thought, you will feel better when you do make a mistake. Psychologists say this: When you make a mistake, you may still feel somewhat embarrassed and unnatural, but you can at least know that you subjectively exaggerated the consequences.

12. Focus effect

"Focus" and "comprehensive"

When you focus on something, you will feel that this is the world The most important thing is, this is also called the "focus effect". Marketers have long used this "focus effect" to convince consumers that the products or services they offer have indispensable functions. Politicians do the same, exaggerating the importance of certain events by directing outside attention. To overcome this effect, the first thing is to maintain objective judgment, think about problems from multiple angles, and fully consider relevant factors before making a decision. Being trapped in the "focus effect" will cause people to misjudge future results. And if you can jump out of it, you're more likely to make wise choices.

13. The white space effect

Just the right "words"

The white space effect originated from a technique in calligraphy and painting. Leave the space blank to give people room for imagination. This technique uses non-existence to exist and existence and non-existence to create each other. It is an ingenious artistic expression and a kind of wisdom. For psychology, blank space is equally important. If this wisdom, this blank space, is applied to the workplace, it will have unexpected effects. Because, sometimes, unsaid words contain more truth and wisdom than spoken words. Moreover, in people's lives, we should also pay attention to the fact that other people's hesitant words are more meaningful than direct criticism and suggestions. Leaving blank space in the workplace is an art. A person must pay attention to leaving room for others to turn around, so that he can have a path. People nowadays like to think in relative terms when thinking about problems. They have a psychological repulsion towards absolute things. Therefore, you cannot say anything too absolute or anything that directly contacts or hurts other people's emotions. More strictly speaking, in the process of contacting others, it is best to use less certain words, such as "must", "must", etc. The secret of getting along with others is the key to success and failure.

14. The fish and fork effect

Learn to "read minds"

The fish and fork effect refers to making a fuss about the "hook" that works. We This effect may even be applied unconsciously when chatting. For example, we often talk about a series of topics when chatting, such as movies, love, work, sports, etc. Then see the other person's reaction. Then depending on the intensity of the other person's reaction, it is equivalent to knowing the other person's interests and hobbies in disguise. If you continue chatting along the other person's interests and hobbies, you will naturally be able to get the information you want easily. Fortune tellers take the fish and fork effect to the extreme. Before a fortune telling, they will usually bring up a few different topics to you to see which one works for you. Like a good politician or used car salesman, they don't express what's really on their mind but tentatively change their words based on the feedback they receive. This feedback comes in many different forms; they'll notice whether you nod, smile, lean forward in your seat or suddenly become nervous (one of the reasons palmistry fortune tellers are so keen to hold your hand) 1), and then adjust to the wind. People often like to ask fortune tellers for many potential opinions, such as their health, relationships, travel plans, career and assets. However, in fact, many times it is not the fortune teller who can predict accurately, but our words, Micro-reactions have given them the answer.

15. The effect of one's own person

You are my own person

The so-called "one's own person" means that the other party attributes you and him to be the same in some respect. type of person.

That is to say, if you want the other party to accept your point of view and attitude, you should not hesitate to maintain a consubstantial relationship with the other party, that is, you should regard the other party and yourself as one. The “own-person effect” refers to being more trustworthy and more receptive to what “one-person” says. In interpersonal communication, if the relationship between the two parties is good, one party will be more likely to accept certain views and positions of the other party, and will even be less likely to refuse the other party's embarrassing requests. This is called the "own-person effect" in psychology. For example, if the same point of view is said by someone you like, it will be faster and easier to accept it. If it is said by someone you hate, you may instinctively resist it. There is a saying: "If you are one of your own, you can say anything; if you are not your own, everything must be done according to the rules."

16. Hercules Effect

Respond to others in their own way. Treat others

This refers to one-to-one interpersonal interaction. This is a social psychological effect in which grievances and grievances exist between people or between groups, causing hatred to become deeper and deeper. The Hercules Effect will cause people to fall into endless troubles, miss many beautiful scenery in life, and have no real happiness or new progress. In Greek mythology, there was a heroic Hercules named Hercules. One day, he was walking on a bumpy road and saw something like a bulging bag at his feet. It was ugly, so Hercules stepped on the thing. One kick. Unexpectedly, instead of being crushed by Hercules, the thing swelled and doubled in size, which angered the hero Hercules. He casually picked up a wooden stick as thick as a bowl and hit that weird thing. Oh my god, the thing actually swelled to the point of blocking the road. Hercules couldn't do anything to him, and while he was wondering, a saint came up to Hercules and said to him: "Friend, don't touch it, forget about it, stay away from it. It's called the Bag of Hatred, don't you If you mess with it, it will become smaller than before; if you violate it, it will swell and become hostile to you to the end. "Hate is just like the bag Hercules encountered. It starts small. If you ignore it, the contradiction will be resolved. It will disappear naturally; if you have trouble with it and add hatred to it, it will retaliate twice as much.

17. Caterpillar effect

Are you a follower?

Through research, scientists call the habit of following the route in front "follower" The phenomenon of blindly following habits and thinking inertia and reacting leading to failed results is called the caterpillar effect. French entomologist Fabre once conducted a famous experiment called the "Caterpillar Experiment": Put many caterpillars on the edge of a flowerpot, connect them end to end, form a circle, and place them in a circle. Some pine needles that caterpillars like to eat are scattered around not far away. The caterpillars began to follow one by one, walking around the edge of the flower pot. An hour passed and a day passed. These caterpillars continued to circle around the edge of the flower pot day and night, walking continuously for seven days and seven nights. They eventually died of starvation and exhaustion. Before doing this experiment, John Farber had imagined that the caterpillars would soon get tired of this meaningless circle and turn to their favorite food. Unfortunately, the caterpillars did not do this. Later, scientists called this habit of following the route ahead the "follower" habit, and the phenomenon of failure due to following was called the "caterpillar effect."

18. Waterfall effect

The speaker is unintentional, the listener is intentional

In life, many people have been hurt by other people's "unintentional words" This kind of experience, this phenomenon of someone saying something casually, but making you "uncomfortable", is called the "waterfall psychological effect" in psychology, that is, the sender of the message is relatively calm, but the message sent out is relatively calm. Being accepted by the other party causes a psychological imbalance, which leads to changes in attitude and behavior. This psychological phenomenon is just like a waterfall in nature. It is calm on top but splashing on the bottom. Therefore, when speaking to others, you must also consider the other person's acceptance and whether what you said is inappropriate. Avoid your own gossip to cause a strong waterfall psychological effect. This requires us to understand some of the other party's personality, habits, and conversation taboos before talking, so as to grasp the appropriateness of what we say. We talked about the reflection effect earlier. Don’t think that if you don’t taboo, others won’t taboo either. For some overly sensitive communication partners, you should pay more attention to this point. Generally speaking, the topics that are likely to cause misunderstandings and strong feelings from the other party mainly include the other party's privacy, the other party's sad past, etc. Don't ask about other people's privacy.

19. Beibo's Law

Do you care about "big stimulation" or "small stimulation"?

Beibo's Law says that when a person experiences a strong stimulus, , and the stimulation given will become insignificant to him or her. In terms of psychological feelings, the first big stimulus can dilute the second small stimulus. For example, if a newspaper that originally cost one yuan becomes ten yuan, you will definitely find it unacceptable; and if a computer that originally cost 10,000 yuan increases by 100 yuan, you will definitely not have any big reaction. When a new employee first starts working, he works hard in the unit, and then relaxes after getting familiar with the environment. People around him will think that this person is pretentious, and his previous performance is fake, and they will also question this person's character; in addition, A newcomer appears to be useless at first, lazy and undisciplined, but after getting familiar with it, he understands the rules of the unit.

He can only go to work on time, but everyone will immediately praise his progress and his performance is getting better and better. They feel that this person wants to make progress and is much better than the former. In fact, the total amount of work done by the former is unknown to the latter.

20. Birdcage Effect

Working overtime is the birdcage that makes people think of it

The Birdcage Effect, also known as "Birdcage Logic", is a human One of the top ten psychology that is difficult to get rid of, its discoverer is James, an outstanding psychologist in modern times. The "Birdcage Effect" is a very interesting rule. People will continue to add more things related to it that they don't need based on accidentally acquiring an item that they don't need. If a person buys an empty bird cage and puts it at home, then after a period of time, he will usually buy another bird to use the cage and raise it instead of throwing away the cage. In other words, the person is alienated by the cage. Fallen and become a prisoner of the cage.

21. Watch Law

Who should you listen to

It means that owning more than two watches does not help people judge the time more accurately, but will Create confusion and make people looking at watches lose their judgment of time. Another meaning is that everyone cannot choose two different codes of conduct or values ??at the same time, otherwise that person's behavior will be in chaos. The watch law brings us a very intuitive inspiration: for any one thing, two different goals cannot be set at the same time, otherwise the company will be at a loss; for a person cannot choose two different values ????at the same time, otherwise, his Behavior will be chaotic. A person cannot be directed by more than two people, otherwise the person will be at a loss; and for an enterprise, two different management methods cannot be used at the same time, otherwise the enterprise will not be able to develop.

22. Hawthorne Effect

Before complaining, achieve results first

When people realize that they are being watched or observed, they will deliberately Change some behaviors or verbal expressions. In November 1924, American researchers discovered the experimenter effect, called the Hawthorne effect, in an experiment on the relationship between working conditions, social factors and production benefits at the Hawthorne Factory of Western Electric Company in Chicago. When, for example, employees are allowed to vent their dissatisfaction; performance or effort increases due to extra attention. The basic condition of the Hawthorne Effect is that important work environment attributes can be captured in large quantities without hidden or obscure information. People will have countless wishes and emotions in their lives, but only a few of them can be realized or satisfied in the end. For those unfulfilled wishes and unsatisfied emotions, do not suppress and restrain them, but let them go appropriately. It's cathartic, which is good for one's body, mind, and work.

23. Halo effect

Be wary of your subjective impression

The halo effect is also known as the "stereotype effect", "aperture effect" and "halo effect" ” refers to the subjective impression that is formed in interpersonal perception with a generalization or a partial generalization. The halo effect often occurs when you don’t know a person deeply, that is, you are still in the stage of feeling and perception. Therefore, you are easily affected by the superficiality, locality and selective influence of feeling and perception, thus affecting your understanding of the person. Someone's awareness is focused solely on some external characteristics. There is no internal connection between some personality qualities or appearance characteristics, but we easily associate them together, asserting that if there is one characteristic, there must be another characteristic, and we will also cover up the inner essence with the external form. If you look upright in appearance, you may not be a gentleman; if you look smiling, you may not have a kind face and a kind heart. The overall impression produced by simply linking these different qualities is necessarily superficial.

24. Sitting direction effect

Where will you sit during a meeting?

In interpersonal psychology, people regard the sitting direction as affecting the quality of communication. This phenomenon is called the sitting effect. “Where to sit” is a question we face every day. When no one is around, you won't feel any discomfort if you sit casually in such a large room. However, when there are other people in the room, or you want to talk or communicate with this person, then your sitting direction is not that simple. For example, in a meeting, the "big cat" has already taken his seat, and there are empty chairs in the room. Would you sit across from him, next to him, diagonally across from him, or simply behind him? When you enter the leader's office, there are chairs in front and sofas on the left and right. Will you sit on the chair or the sofa next to it? When debating with a colleague, do you face him or sit side by side? If you praise or criticize the other person, will your sitting position change? If you say "nothing is different" or "sit casually, it doesn't matter", then you may not know that the direction you sit has a great impact on the quality of your interactions.

25. The frog effect

Don’t be a frog boiled in warm water

The frog effect means that when a frog is thrown into boiling water, it will feel a huge In pain, he would push hard and jump out of the water, thus gaining a chance to survive. When a frog is placed in a basin of warm water and gradually heated, because the frog has slowly adapted to the comfortable water temperature, when the temperature rises to a certain level, the frog no longer has the strength to jump out of the water. So the frog was scalded to death in comfort. Most changes in the competitive environment of enterprises are gradual. If managers and employees do not feel the pain of changes in the environment, they will eventually be like this frog, being cooked and eliminated without knowing it.

An enterprise should not be satisfied with the immediate vested interests, and should not indulge in past victories and good wishes, forget about the gradual formation of crises and fail to see the approaching failure step by step, and finally die in comfort like a frog. A person or company should be prepared for danger in times of peace, apply appropriate pressure, wake up those who are in danger but do not know it, and speed up those who are slowing down, constantly surpassing themselves and the past. Bill Gates has a famous saying: "Microsoft is always only 18 months away from bankruptcy."

26. Dark Effect

Bring "work" after get off work

In a place with relatively dark light, the two parties on a date cannot see each other's expressions clearly, so it is easy to reduce the sense of alertness and create a sense of security. In this case, the possibility of getting close to each other will be much higher than in a brightly lit place. Psychologists call this phenomenon the "dark effect." In addition, relatively speaking, the dark night can give people a certain amount of camouflage space. During the day, people tend to pay great attention to their behavior and always disguise themselves no matter who they face, because people are group and social. In psychology, this is also a protective mechanism. At night, people's perception is reduced to a very low level, which means they are safer. At the same time, the dark space also gives people a layer of camouflage space. At this time, they can show another side of themselves without having to worry about being like it is during the day. The sense of distance caused by caring about behavioral details. On the other hand, in the dark night, the sense of oppression caused by status, identity, etc. when the two parties are talking will be minimized, which will facilitate more pleasant communication.

27. Matthew Effect

The secret of the strong getting stronger

It refers to the phenomenon that the strong get stronger and the weak get weaker. It is widely used in social psychology. learning, education, finance and science fields. The Matthew Effect is a term commonly used by sociologists and economists. It reflects the social phenomenon of polarization, where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. On the positive side, as long as a person works hard and makes himself stronger, he will be inspired in the process of becoming stronger and become stronger and stronger. On the negative side, most people in this society do not have enough perseverance to become stronger, and the Matthew Effect will become an excuse to escape reality and refuse to work hard. If you have a proactive and persistent attitude, you will gain spiritual or material wealth. After gaining wealth, your attitude will strengthen your proactiveness. In this cycle, you can maximize the positive effect of the Matthew Effect.

28. ***Generation effect

Dialogue of outstanding people

It refers to the way people in a certain reference group engage in daily labor, work and When learning, you are influenced by the wisdom, ability and past labor results of the members of the group, and are inspired in your thinking, and your ability level is effectively improved. This influence is mutual and subtle among group members, and is one of the social motivating factors for the development and realization of personal potential. Biogenesis is originally a biological concept, which refers to the phenomenon of different types of organisms living together. In contemporary times, through the phenomenon of biological reproduction, people realize that reproduction is an interdependent, harmonious and unified destiny relationship between humans, between nature, and between humans and nature. Philosophy and sociology have begun to pay attention to the "*** biological effect". In the Jewish classic "Talmud", there is a famous saying: Living with wolves, you can only learn to howl; if you come into contact with those outstanding people, you will be well influenced. Therefore, associating more with excellent people and being influenced by them can make you a better person. If you are already excellent and associate with excellent people, then you will be able to produce a positive effect and achieve great achievements. The best example of this is when Paul Allen and Bill Gates came together and founded Microsoft.

29. Sensational effect

Take action when it’s time to take action

Refers to a sensational social effect achieved through eye-catching events. For example, a beautiful woman wants to find the ugliest husband to surprise others, or someone intentionally does something ridiculous to cause a social sensation. In today's society, there are many employment opportunities, but the competition is even more fierce. If you want to seize the opportunity among millions of people crowding the single-plank bridge, you must always be prepared and never give up any opportunity to express yourself. The sensational effect is the most direct way. It directly avoids such a phenomenon, that is, the weak employees in the unit, whose professional ability is not very strong, and whose popularity is not very good, seem to be invisible in the eyes of the boss. You are still persisting in what you do, quietly seeking your own space in the workplace amidst the neglect of others. If you can create a good sensational effect at this moment, maybe your whole life will be different. Creating a sensational effect is not difficult, but there is a lack of dedicated people. Once you seize an opportunity, say something surprising on an important occasion, or do something in a key event, When a person achieves results, an unknown person will immediately be looked upon with admiration, become a star in the workplace, and receive super value returns! Because when a person exceeds expectations and brings double surprises of performance and talent to the enterprise organization, it has a sensational effect. Moreover, such a sensation is not sudden, it is won by a person's deep and solid qualities, without arrogance, hard work and hard work.

30. Kimchi effect

Have lunch with colleagues who are better than you

After soaking the same vegetables in different water for a period of time, cook them separately , its taste is different.

According to this principle, it can be seen that people in different environments will have obvious differences in their character, temperament, quality, and way of thinking due to long-term exposure. This is just like what people often say: "Those who are close to red are red, and those who are close to ink are black." ". The "Kimchi Effect" reveals that the environment plays a very important role in human growth. People in different environments will have obvious differences in their character, temperament, quality, and way of thinking due to long-term exposure. This is just as people often say, "Those who are close to red are red, and those who are close to ink are black." The "Kimchi Effect" reveals the truth that "people are the children of the environment", and the environment has an irresistible influence on people's growth. People are more sensitive to the influence of the environment in their childhood. If they are dyed green, they will become green, and if they are dyed yellow, they will be yellow. "Coming out of filth but not stained" is what some adults think, but it is not in line with the reality of children.