/kloc-Since the middle of the 0/7th century, Russian invaders have frequently crossed the Outer Xing 'an Mountains and invaded the Heilongjiang River Basin in China. In the ninth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, the first war broke out between Qing Dynasty and Russia. According to historical records, Zhang Jing, who was stationed in Ningguta (now Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province), was attacked by his troops and fought in the village of Uzala. 1657, Russia built Yakesha and Nebuchadnezzar, with the intention of going south on this basis-only the Qing Dynasty was not a Mongolian survivor in North Asia, and the Qing emperor was Kangxi at this time.

It can be solved with fists, but Emperor Kangxi is too lazy to use his mouth. Then call. So Emperor Kangxi, who had just put down the San Francisco rebellion, went north. At that time, the general was Peng Chun. On May 22nd, they took 3,000 troops from Aihui and invaded JAXA—— on May 25th-only three days later, the Russians could not find their way home. After several months of fighting, Russian leader Tolbuzin was killed and suffered heavy casualties, so he had to send Golovin as an ambassador to negotiate the border.

After the Qing dynasty won the battle, it was natural that unequal treaties would not be signed. However, it was the Qing Dynasty that suffered from this treaty.

At that time, the ambassador of the Qing Dynasty was Suoetu. He believes that "Nibuchu, where Chalos is located, was originally the nomadic land of Maoming Anbu, and jaxa is the ancient market of Baylor, the general manager of Dahur, which does not belong to Ricardo Roberto Barreto da Rocha, nor is it the gap between the two worlds." Nebuchadnezzar Chu, jaxa, Heilongjiang, and the rivers and streams connecting this river are all our land, and we can't abandon them to eros. In other words, these lands were originally Qing, and if the Russians don't return them, there is no need for negotiations.

However, Kangxi believes that "today, with the Nebuchadnezzar tide as the boundary, eros's trade has no place and it is difficult to communicate." When we first discussed it, we should still take the Nebuchadnezzar tide as the boundary. If the messenger pleads with Nebuchadnezzar, he can take Ergon as the boundary. "The emperor knew that if the Russians lost their place of trade, they would still come to war. Better give them a place to live.

Just this letter, release Lake Baikal. ...

At that time, the Qing Dynasty faced the invasion of Galdin, but Russia was also at war with the Turks. In fact, the political situation on both sides is similar. However, in the end, the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar drew the boundary between the two sides:

"From the grbic River, a tributary of Heilongjiang, to the outer Xing 'an Mountains, to the sea, Lingnan belongs to China, and Lingbei belongs to Russia. It should be noted that the houses at the mouth of Heilileke River on the south bank of Ergon River are bounded by Ergon River in the west, China in the south and Russia in the north, so they should be moved northward.

Before the negotiations, the Qing government held the jaxa War on the land of China, which was the last resort of peace negotiations. The armed forces of the delegation are equal. The venue of the negotiation was chosen in the middle of the two delegations' residences, and the number of participants in the negotiation was equal to the number of guards. There is no threat of force between them. Russia is extremely satisfied with the outcome of the negotiations. After the exchange of letters, the Russian Mission held a warm reception. All Russian envoys sent the China Mission away at a distance, and sent people to send the China Mission aboard with lanterns. Golovin also sent precious gifts: mink and lynx to show his enthusiasm; Self-ringing bell means that after separation, the sound is connected; Telescopes can look at distant friends; Silver pots and cups, you can drink heartily to show your thoughts after parting. In recognition of the contributions made by the Golovin Mission, the Tsar government awarded each of them a gold medal, and all military personnel from Golovin to military service were promoted.

In the old Russian era, except for a few scholars, it was agreed that the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu was an equal treaty. Before Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, Soviet officials and scholars also agreed that the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu was an equal treaty. After the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, the Soviet government organized Soviet scholars to re-evaluate the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, thinking that it was an unequal treaty, and the land south of the Outer Xing 'an Mountains was developed by new Russian land discoverers. Its purpose is to defend tsarist Russia's invasion of more than 6,543.8+0,000 square kilometers of land north of Heilongjiang and east of Wusuli River in China through the unequal treaties between China and Russia.

Now the Sino-Russian border issue has been completely solved. The Sino-Russian border issue has become an academic issue. The mainstream view of Russian academic circles still insists on the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, and continues to publish a large number of works to prove that the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu is an unequal treaty to Russia. The Love Faint Treaty and the Beijing Treaty are equal treaties. According to these two equal treaties, Russia recovered the Russian land lost under the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu. Its academic leader is Miasnikov, an academician of Russian Academy of Sciences. The nature of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu is still one of the focuses of debate between Chinese and Russian scholars.