1950 Mr. Liang Sicheng and Mr. Chen Zhanxiang, an urban planning expert, put forward far-sighted suggestions on the location of the central area of the Central People's Government (referred to as "Liang Chen Plan") and handed them over to the leaders of the Central People's Government, the Beijing Municipal Committee and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. Mr. Liang also wrote to Premier Zhou Enlai and personally reported this proposal.
The "Chen Liang Plan" puts forward the idea of completely protecting the old city of Beijing, and advocates that the administrative center of the central government should be built in the west, with the principle of "serving the past for the present and giving consideration to the old and the new". Chen Liang's plan points out: "If mistakes are made in principle, there will be a series of mistakes that are difficult to correct in the future, which will affect the work, residence and transportation of millions of people in Beijing. Therefore, at the beginning of the plan, we must first decide on the government center, otherwise everything will be carried out correctly. "
Subsequently, Mr. Liang Sicheng published articles such as "Discussion on the Preservation and Abolition of Beijing City Walls" and "Beijing —— An Unparalleled Masterpiece of Urban Planning", and continued to elaborate on the idea of protecting the old city of Beijing. However, the 1950s was a radical era, and academic discussions were not allowed. The "Chen Liang Plan" is considered as "preserving all backward and even dilapidated working people's residential areas left over from the old society under the pretext of protecting cultural relics. Today's socialist construction is bound by ancient cultural relics."
Next, the wall of Beijing was also torn down. That's "the collar of China, even the collar of the world", and that's "a dazzling garland"! However, some people dare to demolish anything. From 1950s to 1960s, the well-protected quadrangles were demolished in 2000. What are they afraid of dismantling?
April 20th this year is the birthday100th anniversary of Mr. Liang Sicheng. At this moment, recalling the past, I am filled with emotion. Nowadays, Beijing's urban construction is in a dilemma. The mixed development of old and new buildings has a lot to do with the rejection of the "Chen Liang Plan". It is a tragedy that the "Chen Liang Plan" was rejected, which is the biggest tragedy of modern culture in China.
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Mr. Liang Sicheng's thoughts on the protection of Beijing's old city have a clear development vein, which is inseparable from his long-term study of China's ancient buildings.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Japanese scholars Quan Zhong, Guan, British scholar Ye Zhi, German scholar Ike, Boschmann, Swedish scholar Xi Renlong, etc. I collected information about ancient buildings in China, studied the architectural culture of China, and published many books. However, scholars in China were unable to study the ancient buildings in China at that time, and even China people had to rely on books compiled by foreign scholars to learn the architectural history of China.
19 19, Mr. Zhu Qiqian found the long-lost Shi Ding banknote of Architectural French in Nanjing Jiangnan Library, and the book was quickly photocopied by the Commercial Press. The discovery and publication of Building French Style is an important event in the history of China architectural culture, but it was a gobbledygook that no one understood at that time.
In the late 1920s, Zhu Qiqian founded the China Architecture Society, which is the largest research institution in the modern architectural history of China. 193 1 Mr. Liang Sicheng was appointed as the director of French Department of China Architectural Society. He lived with his husband, Mr. Lin and others day and night, and went through hardships. He visited 200 counties in 15 provinces and studied more than 2,000 ancient buildings, which laid the foundation for China people to study their own architectural heritage and made China's architectural culture glow again. Their research and "architectural style" confirm each other, and find the key to open the door of architectural research in China.
Textual research on Guanyin Pavilion Gate of Dule Temple in Jixian County, written by Mr. Liang Sicheng in 1932, is the first time for China people to make a detailed investigation of China buildings by scientific methods. Mr. Liang said: "The way for modern scholars to study is to attach importance to evidence first and take physical objects as theoretical shields. As the saying goes,' seeing is believing' is suitable for scientific methods. Art appreciation, as far as plastic arts are concerned, especially' seeing'. After reading ten thousand volumes of postscript articles, it is better to get a glimpse of the original painting, and the meaning is obvious. The purpose of law is to learn architecture. We can get several courses. "
Mr. Liang stressed: "Therefore, the study of ancient buildings is necessary for the field investigation and mapping of cultural relics." Mr. Liang's student, an expert on ancient architecture, believes that "Examination of Guanyinge Gate of Dule Temple in Jixian County" reflects Mr. Liang's "process and scientific research method of preliminarily demonstrating the design law of Song-style architecture through precise surveying and mapping, and is the first important paper in this field. This first novel not only surpassed the level of research on China architecture in Europe, America and Japan at that time, but also surpassed the depth of Japanese research on Japanese architecture at that time in terms of in-depth discussion of ancient architectural design rules through forms. "
1937, Mr. Liang Sicheng and Mr. Lin discovered the Tang Dynasty Hall of Beidou Temple in Wutai Mountain. In June of that year, Liang Sicheng, Lin and others rode mules into Wutai Mountain to inspect Wu Keji. In the morning and evening, they climbed up the mountain to work, or climbed up the roof to interact with bats and insects, or climbed up the frame of the temple, throwing the ball carefully, for fear of accidentally exploring, taking photos and mapping, and finally found out that the exact construction age of Beixing Hall was 50 years of Tang Dazhong (AD 857). Japanese scholar Guan believes that the statement that "Beige Temple was built in Ming Dynasty" has been revised. Beige Temple was the only wooden structure in Tang Dynasty found in China at that time, and it was also the first treasure of ancient architecture in China. Its discovery is an epoch-making contribution to the study of architectural history.
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Mr. Liang Sicheng is a pioneer of cultural relics protection in China. In the article "Research on Guanyin Pavilion Gate of Dule Temple in Jixian County" mentioned earlier, he said: "The Law on the Protection of Ancient Buildings must be formulated, promulgated and implemented as soon as possible ..." When reviewing the renovation plan of Little Wild Goose Pagoda, he said: "Protecting ancient buildings is to prolong their life, not to rejuvenate them." It is explained in detail that the principle of cultural relic architecture is "to preserve the old as the old". We can see Mr. Liang's love for cultural relics and his efforts for cultural relics protection from the articles such as Qufu Confucius Temple Building and its Renovation Scheme, Renovation Scheme of the Palace Museum Building (and Cooperation), Catalogue of Cultural Relics of the War Zone Cultural Relics Protection Committee, List of National Important Cultural Relics, Renovation Scheme of Pagoda of Six Harmonies in Hangzhou, and Cultural Relics in Beiping Must be Sorted and Preserved.
Chen Zhihua, a student of Mr. Liang Sicheng and an architectural historian, thinks that Mr. Liang is a "well-deserved pioneer" who advocates scientific protection of cultural relics in China. He studied the ancient buildings in China, just when the Japanese invaders occupied the northeast and the Great Wall was full of smoke. At this time, it is by no means a quirk to trudge the cart on the ancient road covered with yellow dust to find the remains of a thousand years ago, but out of nostalgia for the motherland at a critical moment. What he is looking for is the witness of national memory and the sustenance of feelings. "
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Mr. Liang Sicheng is one of the pioneers of architectural education in China. 1928 Established the Department of Architecture of Northeastern University. From 65438 to 0946, he founded the Department of Architecture in Tsinghua University. The development track of Mr. Liang's architectural education thought can be seen from "I wish the first graduates of the Department of Architecture of Northeastern University", "Preparing the Art History Research Room" (cooperating with Chen) and "Draft of the academic system and curriculum plan of the Department of Architecture of Tsinghua University (now the Department of Architectural Engineering)". The academic report on science, technology and humanities made by Mr. Liang in 1948 auditorium further clarified his thought that science, technology and humanities must be combined. Teacher Liang has trained a large number of architectural talents. These things are widely known, so I won't go into details.
In memory of this outstanding architect, China Building Industry Press published The Complete Works of Liang Sicheng (9 volumes). The above-mentioned important articles of Mr. Liang, as well as works such as Architectural History of China, Sculpture History of China, Interpretation of Architectural Style, Architectural Rules of Qing Dynasty, Architectural History of Imagery China, have been included, which can be described as a great event in China's architectural and publishing circles. This is the first time that the publishing industry has published the complete works of China architects.
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Today, how can we express our memory of Mr. Liang Sicheng?
In April this year, an exhibition of Liang Sicheng Memorial Hall was held in China Art Museum. However, this exhibition is not a general commemorative exhibition, it is not only a recollection of history, but also a display of contemporary architectural experiments and contemporary art experiments, and it is a commemoration with an eye to the future. The authors who participated in this exhibition include young architects who do experimental architecture and contemporary experimental artists who are active in the world, which constitutes the experimental nature and contemporary artistic color of the exhibition. You need a certain background in contemporary art and architecture to understand this exhibition.
Zhang Yonghe and Feichang Architecture Studio were invited to design this exhibition. Considering the two basic elements of architecture in China-brick and wood, the designer used concrete blocks and large core boards for exhibition and enclosure, but these materials are not original bricks and wood, but "modern" materials. In the original classical exhibition hall of the art museum, it is divided into internal and external exhibition space and upper and lower exhibition space. Creativity can pass through the exhibition hall and walk on the "city wall", and the monotonous exhibition hall of the art museum suddenly becomes an architect's playground. Dong Yugan's plan is called "Collected Works of Liang Sicheng's Commemoration", which is a handmade book that says "Criticism is Commemoration". When you open the book, you can also find the fragments of the building. The mobile memorial hall in Wang Jiahao and the "telephone booth" made by two students from the Department of Architecture of Yantai University are also very thoughtful schemes.
The participation of contemporary art is a major feature of this exhibition. The artist Wang Jianwei's work "Carving a Boat for a Sword" shows the change of time and space in the architectural scheme through computer three-dimensional animation demonstration, and also implies that the "commemoration" in the change of time and space may be "carving a boat for a sword". The image installation of artist Song Dong shows the scene of the middle gate of Xidan, which reminds people of the relationship between Mr. Liang Sicheng and the old city of Beijing.
It's quite interesting that the architect made a plan with contemporary art. Li Juchuan's "Beijing City Wall 200 1" is a plan of Liang Sicheng Memorial Hall in the form of behavior/video. The author asked two girls from Beijing to take a taxi with him, walked around the Second Ring Road in Beijing (the position in front of the Beijing city wall), and recorded the situation of the two girls in the car with a camera. The two basic sources of his works are: first, the special connection between Liang Sicheng and Beijing's urban history; Second, the direct feelings of Beijing to the author. In this way, the work becomes a collection of completely different things: the old Beijing city wall, taxis, city girls, Beijing facing Liang Sicheng and Beijing facing the author overlap here. If Liang Sicheng's suggestion is adopted and the old Beijing wall is preserved, what will Beijing look like today? This is of interest to the author. However, this work is not an imagination and presentation of this situation. This work is actually: an architect rewrites an "erased" building today.
Architect Liu Jiakun is showing the behavior/photos of Li Zhuang's notes. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Liang Sicheng and the Chinese Architectural Society moved to Lizhuang, Sichuan, to continue their painstaking research on ancient buildings. On March 17, Liu Jiakun went to Lizhuang and found the "former site of China Construction Society during the Anti-Japanese War". He also found the names of Liang Sicheng and Lin. This ancient hall was abandoned a long time ago, with dusty furniture and peeling walls. Farm tools and dung buckets are piled up in the corner. I also found the landlord. Dozens of photos make up a comic book of ideas. "Chickens and ducks are running in the yard, and pigs are humming. Except for the old wall and the old man, those who loved each other have disappeared-far more than that. We almost destroyed everything they cared about all their lives before we came to commemorate them again. " This line of words in the photo makes me particularly emotional.
Liang Sicheng is the founder of architectural history research in China, the pioneer of architectural education in China and the forerunner of cultural relics protection. His "Chen Liang Plan" is of great significance in the history of urban development in China. In memory of Liang Sicheng, an architectural scholar with world influence, we should never build a temple-like building and imprison their souls in a closed and dark space. The commemoration of young people reflects the new academic trend of experimental architecture in China, and the exhibition of contemporary art opens up new possibilities for China Art Museum.
Sanlian Life Weekly introduced this exhibition article titled "Not for Nostalgia"; The title of the long report in Architectural Times is "Exploration is the Best Remembrance", which can be said to point out the theme of this exhibition and also commemorate Mr. Liang Sicheng's academic attitude.
Liang Sicheng (1901-1972), a native of Xinhui, Guangdong Province, is an outstanding contemporary architect in China and an internationally renowned scholar. He was praised as a "national treasure" by General Chen Yi. 1923 graduated from Tsinghua University. Studied in the United States, obtained a master's degree from 65438 to 0927, and entered Harvard Academy of Fine Arts in the same year. From 65438 to 0946, he served as Professor Tsinghua University, founded the Department of Architecture and served as the department head until his death. 1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.