Yin Lihua (AD 4-64), the second queen of Liu Xiu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a descendant of the famous Qi Prime Minister Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Period. Yin Lihua was originally Liu Xiu's favorite concubine and was favored by Emperor Guangwu. She was canonized as queen in the 5th year after Liu Xiu unified the world, that is, the 17th year of Jianwu. In 64 AD, Yin Lihua died, and later emperors and ministers of the Eastern Han Dynasty gave her the posthumous title of "Queen Guanglie".

Yin Lihua is famous for her beauty in history. According to historical records, when Liu Xiu was still a member of the declining royal family, he greatly admired Yin Lihua's beauty. Later, when he came to the capital, he was shocked by the majestic and grand scenes when Zhi Jinwu was traveling. Be worthy of Yin Lihua." Not only that, the Queen of Yin has also become synonymous with beauty in many poems and songs of later generations. For example, Li Bai, the poet of the Tang Dynasty, praised in "A Trip to the Southern Capital": "The beauty is beautiful and jade-colored, and the Han women are charming and beautiful."; Yu, the great writer of the Southern and Northern Dynasties In one of his masterpieces, "Spring Fu", Xin wrote the eternal saying: "Go out of the Golden House of Lihua, and descend to the Orchid Palace of Feiyan". A story about Liu Xiu's admiration for Yin Lihua also attracted the pursuit of many "heroes of troubled times" in later generations. For example, Zhu Wen, the Taizu of the Later Liang Dynasty who was the terminator of the Tang Dynasty, had the "Sigh of Lihua"; Wu Sangui, who was so angry that he became a beauty He also lamented that "I have fulfilled this wish." Hope it helps you

Character's life

Born into a prominent family, born in troubled times

Yin Lihua was born into a very prominent family. The Yin family was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. They are the descendants of Guan Zhong, the Prime Minister of Qi, who assisted Duke Huan of Qi to "unify the nine princes and rule the world". When the seventh generation descendant Guan Xiu moved from the state of Qi to the state of Chu, he was granted the title of Doctor Yin, and henceforth took the surname "Yin". Not only was the family of the Yin family prominent, the Yin family was also one of the richest families at that time. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", the Yin family "has more than 700 hectares of land, and they have horses and servants who are as good as the king of the country." That is to say: the Yin family has Tens of thousands of acres of fertile land, chariots, horses and servants can be compared with those of princes and kings.

Despite her prominent background, Yin Lihua was not able to enjoy the peace and prosperity like her ancestors. The eldest daughter of the Yin family grew up in an era of great turmoil and turmoil. A time of great change. In the late Western Han Dynasty, land annexation intensified, and a large number of farmers lost their land and became slaves. During the reigns of Emperor Cheng and Emperor Ai, Wang, Fu and other relatives fought openly and secretly, taking turns to control the government. The Western Han Dynasty was already on the verge of collapse. Finally, in 9 BC, his relative Wang Mang deposed Liu Ying, the last emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and proclaimed himself emperor. The founding of the country was named "Xin", and the Western Han Dynasty perished. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Mang promulgated a series of drastic reform measures, such as the "Wang Tian Order" and the "Private Order", in an attempt to alleviate the unprecedented intensification of social conflicts. However, the reform met with unprecedented fierce opposition and resistance from the powerful and bureaucratic landlords. The New Deal ultimately ended in failure. Coupled with the constant floods, droughts and other natural disasters, the majority of the people could not bear it. Finally, during the Xinmang Tianfeng period, the Green Forest and Red Eyebrow Revolution broke out. uprising. For a time, the four directions responded, and the world was in chaos. As the saying goes, "a king must rise in five hundred years." In every troubled time, a king must be born. In the great melee at the end of the New Dynasty, a figure appeared on the stage of history. He was the future Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty - Liu Xiu. .

Liu Xiu, the ninth grandson of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, is a descendant of the royal family of the Western Han Dynasty. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, there were countless descendants of the Western Han royal family all over the world. Therefore, although Liu Xiu was called a descendant of the royal family, he made a living by farming and selling grain, and his life was not easy. Liu Xiu had great ambitions and was unwilling to be inferior to others. According to "Dong Guan Han Ji", "When Guang Wu was young, he and Deng Chen predicted that Liu Xiu should be the emperor. Or (what everyone means) Yan Guo Shigong Liu Xiu should be the emperor, and Guang Wu should be the emperor." He said: "How can I know that I am not a servant?" "In the third year of Jianwu's reign, it was Xin's pleasure to talk about his old life. Chen calmly said to the emperor: "My servant can do it," and the emperor laughed." This passage means that when Liu Xiu was still a commoner, he and his brother-in-law Deng Chen waited for him Everyone read the prophecy (a book that predicts future events, very popular in the Qin and Han Dynasties), which said: "Liu Xiu will become the emperor." At that time, Wang Mang's new dynasty was already in danger, and the national advisor beside Wang Mang had just been renamed " "Liu Xiu", so everyone present asked: "Does it mean the Grand Master Liu Xiu?" But Liu Xiu said: "How do you know it's not me?" Later, Liu Xiu indeed conquered the country and became the emperor. Looking back, In the past, Deng Chen said to Emperor Guangwu: "The servant actually did it." The emperor laughed after hearing this. This is the famous allusion in history: "An awareness is not a servant".

Heroes and beauties, overcoming the difficulties

In addition to the allusion of "Knowing peace is not a servant", Liu Xiu also has a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages, that is, "officials should be regarded as the king." , Marry a wife as Yin Lihua."

Liu Xiu had a brother-in-law named Deng Chen, who lived in Xinye, Nanyang County, so Liu Xiu often went to his brother-in-law's house in Xinye. Deng Chen was also related to the Deng family of Yin Lihua's mother, so Liu Xiu had the opportunity to come into contact with Yin Lihua, the daughter of a powerful family. The history books do not explain how deep the contact and love between Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua was, but one thing is very clear, that is, Liu Xiu admired the beauty of the Yin family very much and never forgot it. Later, Liu Xiu went to the capital Chang'an to study. Once he accidentally saw Zhi Jinwu leading a group of people on a trip. His thoughts surged for a while, and he couldn't help but sigh: "The official should be regarded as Zhi Jinwu, and the wife should be Yin Lihua." In other words, doing If you want to be an official, you should be an official like Zhi Jinwu. If you want to marry a wife, you should have a wife like Yin Lihua.

What kind of official position is Zhijinwu? Why did Liu Xiu say that to be an official, he should be an official like Zhi Jinwu? Zhijinwu, with the same position as Jiuqing, was the commander of the Northern Army in the Forbidden Army. He commanded the troops to protect the safety of the capital, which was similar to the position of the capital garrison commander in modern times. In fact, it is meaningless for Liu Xiu to discuss the size of Zhijinwu's official position, because Liu Xiu valued Zhijinwu's magnificence and momentum, not his official position. The "Book of the Later Han" annotated "Han Guan" explains the reason why Liu Xiu lamented "Zhi Jinwu": "Zhi Jinwu has two hundred cavalrymen and five hundred and twenty men holding halberds. The public obeys and guides, and the road is full of light. Among the officials, Si was the strongest. Shizu sighed and said, "Official officials should be in charge of Jinwu." "郃嫃廃" means the officials and ministers of the imperial court; Liu Xiu's temple name is "Han Shizu", so the "Shizu" here refers to Liu Xiu. This passage in "Han Palace" says: When Zhijinwu went out, he commanded 200 cavalry and 520 armored men with halberds. They cheered in front and supported each other. They were extremely glorious. Among the hundreds of civil and military officials, Zhijinwu was the best. The momentum is the most spectacular. Therefore, the emperor of the Han Dynasty sighed and said: To be an official, you must be an official like Zhi Jinwu. Liu Xiu's sigh became a famous saying throughout the ages and became the goal of "heroes" who were eager to try in troubled times in the future. For example, Zhu Wen, the tycoon who later destroyed the Tang Dynasty and established the Later Liang Dynasty, before he When he was getting rich, he once saw the beauty of Zhang Hui, the daughter of the governor of Songzhou, and he let out a "sigh of beauty". The two eventually got married, which became a good story in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

At the end of the New Dynasty, wars broke out. Liu Xiu and his brother Liu Yan took advantage of the chaos to raise troops in Chongling, and joined forces with the Green Forest Army who had set up a flag to rebel earlier than them. They rebelled against each other. As the Green Forest Army grew in size, it was necessary to establish political power. The contradictions inherent in the Green Forest Army began to gradually be exposed. On the issue of supporting the emperor, what the peasant army generals wanted in order to facilitate their control of real power was to support them. He established a cowardly puppet, but the subordinates of the Liu Yan brothers believed that Liu Yan had made great contributions in the anti-rebellion process, and he was from the clan with the surname Liu, so Liu Yan should be established. Facing the overwhelming advantage of the peasant army, Liu Yan and others had no choice but to give up, but they were always dissatisfied with the Gengshi Emperor Liu Xuan supported by the peasant army. At the end of May in the fourth year of Emperor Xinmang's reign, Liu Yan led his army to conquer Wancheng, an important town in the Central Plains. Liu Yan's reputation became even more prosperous, which aroused great uneasiness among Liu Xuan and the generals of the Green Forest Army. Therefore, shortly after conquering Wancheng, he planned to Liu Yan was beheaded in Wancheng for refusing to obey the emperor's order. According to historical records, Liu Yan was determined to conquer the world and fought with great bravery. Even the brave soldiers were in awe after hearing Liu Yan's name. Who would have expected that it would end like this in the end. In June, in order to completely wipe out the growing Green Forest Army, Wang Mang sent a total of 420,000 soldiers and horses from various states and counties to attack Kunyang. The two armies broke out in the famous Battle of Kunyang in history. Liu Xiu calmly persuaded other generals Defending the city, he took 13 of his own cavalry and risked their lives to break through and fetch reinforcements. In the end, under the internal and external attacks of Liu Xiujun and the Kunyang defenders, Wang Mang's 420,000-strong army was wiped out. Countless people were killed, trampled on each other, and drowned. , the water does not flow. Liu Xiu was the first hero of the Battle of Kunyang and became famous throughout the world. After this battle, Liu Xiu led his army northward without stopping and attacked his father's city again. At this time, the news of Liu Yan's death came, and Liu Xiu was shocked and had to worry about his own fate. In addition to returning to Wancheng to apologize, he did three things after thinking deeply:

1. Not to express Kunyang's merits, so as not to arouse the jealousy and uneasiness of Gengshi's monarchs and ministers.

Secondly, he did not have private contact with Liu Yan’s subordinates, and said that Liu Yan committed a crime, and he also had a great responsibility

Thirdly, he did not mourn for Liu Yan, and decided to marry Yinshi Lihua immediately .

Unlike his brother's aggressive personality, Liu Xiu's personality is more reserved. In the eyes of Gengshi's monarchs and ministers, Liu Xiu was more submissive and not as much of a threat to them as his brother. In addition, the war between the four parties was not settled yet, Liu Xiu was still valuable, so Liu Xuan not only did not harm him, but instead made him Marquis of Wu Xin. In June of the first year of Gengshi, Liu Xiu finally married Yin Lihua, the beauty he had longed for for many years, in Wancheng. Less than a month after his brother's death, Liu Xiu married a wife. This was contrary to the ancient customs of weddings and funerals, and would even be scolded behind his back, but this was Liu Xiu's brilliance. It fulfilled their long-cherished wish for many years, and made Gengshi's monarchs and ministers feel more at ease with him. Liu Yan was killed. If he didn't do a few more things, the Gengshi monarchs and ministers would not let Liu Xiu off easily. There is a fact worth pondering, that is, Yin Lihua would take a great political risk by marrying Liu Xiu at this time. Since she became Liu Xiu's person, she would probably die because of being implicated by Liu Xiu, and even become a professional. All will be implicated. Including Guo Shengtong later, none of the two women who had the greatest influence on Liu Xiu's life married Liu Xiu in peaceful and prosperous times. They all married Liu Xiu in the crisis of troubled times. Ten years later, Liu Xiu was saddened by the changes that had happened to the Yin family, and quoted an ancient saying in his edict: "I will be afraid of you, but I will give it to you." "You will give me peace and happiness," which means: "In times of fear and danger, I was the only one with you. Now that I am happy and prosperous, you have abandoned me." Liu Xiu seemed to be borrowing Yin Lihua's tone to express his self-blame, expressing his deep guilt for Yin Lihua's status as a "concubine". It can be seen that although many years have passed, Liu Xiu still misses the time when Yin Lihua accompanied him in Wancheng through the most frightening and torturous time in his life.

Visited Hebei and married another noble wife

In September, Gengshi sent Liu Xiuxi to Luoyang. Liu Xiu sent Yin Lihua back to her natal family in Xinye and went to Luoyang alone. After the demise of the Xinmang regime, the world lost order and various forces emerged one after another.

Among the many forces, the Gengshi Emperor's regime, which destroyed the main force of Xinmang, occupied Guanzhong and most of the Central Plains, and under the slogan of reviving the Han Dynasty, began to issue edicts as the new leader of the world. But in troubled times, there is only one rule that remains unchanged, and that is "the one with strong soldiers and horses is king." Although Fan Chong, the commander-in-chief of the Red Eyebrow Army, came to Chang'an to meet with Liu Xuan, he actually came to wait and see the situation. His hundreds of thousands of troops were still stuck on the front line in Shandong. The situation in Hebei was even more mixed. Be dissatisfied. The peasant rebel armies of Tongma, Youlai, and Gaohu, numbering in the millions, were also active in the area north of the Yellow River. In addition, Dou Rong guarded Hexi and Gongsun Shu occupied Bashu. They all supported their own troops to observe the general trend of the world. There was a saying circulating at that time: "The harmonious or not depends on Chimei; the failure depends on Hebei." This means that whether the Gengshi regime can truly take over the world depends on two aspects: first, whether it can make Chimei surrender; second, whether it can make Chimei surrender. Is it possible to firmly control Hebei? Emperor Gengshi decided to "send important ministers to comfort Hebei", but Liu Xuan was hesitant on the issue of candidates. After weighing the pros and cons, he decided to send Liu Xiu to patrol Hebei.

Emperor Gengshi did not send even a single soldier to Liu Xiu. Liu Xiu only held a scepter representing the Gengshi regime, so there is a saying that "Liu Xiu patrolled Hebei on an empty bike." Not long after Liu Xiugang entered Hebei, a man named Wang Lang claimed to be Liu Ziyu, the son of Emperor Cheng who was forced to remain anonymous in order to escape the persecution of Zhao Feiyan's sisters. With the support of Zhao Mu Wang Liu Lin and others, Wang Lang ascended the throne in Handan and proclaimed himself emperor. . For a time, the whole world was shocked. Before, the kings of Hebei were nominally subordinate to the Gengshi regime. Now they don't even want this nominal thing, and they simply established their own names completely. Wang Lang knew that Liu Xiu was his biggest enemy in Hebei, so he hunted Liu Xiu with a reward of 100,000 households. At this time, King Liu Jie of Guangyang also raised troops to respond to Wang Lang and captured Liu Xiu behind closed doors. Historical records: Liu Xiu and others "did not dare to enter the city in the morning and night and stayed by the esophagus" and were in a very embarrassed state. However, not all the heroes in Hebei responded to Wang Lang's orders. The governor of Xindu, Ren Guang, the governor of Hecheng, Pi Tong, Liu Zhi, Geng Chun and other heroes successively joined Liu Xiu's command. After Liu Xiu received troops from Xindu and Hecheng two counties, he sent troops to attack Wang Lang. However, at this time, Liu Yang, the most powerful king of Zhending, who had more than 100,000 troops among the three kings of Hebei, also surrendered to Wang Lang of Handan, which dealt a big blow to Liu Xiu. After calming down, Liu Xiu felt that among the three kings of Hebei, King Zhending was not following Wang Lang wholeheartedly, and Liu Yang might still be won over, so he sent Liu Zhi to lobby King Zhending. After Liu Zhi accepted the order, he went to Zhending Mansion to lobby, and actually persuaded King Zhending Liu Yang. He was willing to abandon Handan and follow Liu Xiu. However, the 100,000 troops in Zhending Mansion did not belong to Liu Xiu in vain. He also put forward a condition: Liu Xiu would marry his Zhending Mansion and marry his niece, Guo Shengtong. This Guo Shengtong had an extraordinary background. Her maternal grandfather was Liu Pu, the seventh grandson of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty and Prince Zhending Gong. Speaking of which, she was actually a member of the Han family like Liu Xiu, and both were descendants of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty. Although he was related to the clan, Liu Xiu did not want to get married. "The wife should be Yin Lihua." A few months ago, Liu Xiu had married the beauty he had dreamed of, and it was said that his wish was fulfilled. But just using troops against Wang Lang, Liu Xiu already felt that his troops were weak. If he added more than 100,000 troops from Zhending Mansion, Liu Xiu's situation would be even more dangerous. In order to win over the soldiers and horses of Zhending Mansion for his own use, Liu Xiu finally decided to go to Zhending Mansion in person to marry the niece of King Zhending. In the second year of Gengshi, that is, AD 24, just a few months after marrying Yin Lihua in Wancheng, Liu Xiu went to Zhending Mansion in person to marry his second wife, Guo Shengtong, in order to explore Hebei.

In May of the second year of Gengshi, Liu Xiufa's troops and horses joined forces with Liu Yang to attack Handan. The Youzhou cavalry led by Geng Yan, Jing Dan and others defeated the enemy. Wang Lang's troops There were heavy casualties, and Liu Xiu couldn't help but sigh: "I heard about the elite soldiers from all over the world, and now I see them fighting, which makes me happy." Wang Lang saw that the situation was over, so he sent an envoy to ask for surrender. After seeing Liu Xiu, the envoy said: "My lord is indeed the son of Emperor Cheng." Liu Xiu said: "Even if Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty was resurrected, he would not be able to conquer the world, let alone a fraud. He called him his son," and the envoy returned angrily. Soon, the city of Handan was destroyed and Wang Lang was killed on the road. Whether this prince is really the prince who lived among the people to avoid the persecution of Zhao Feiyan sisters has become an eternal mystery. The reason why Liu Xiu was able to defeat Wang Lang was that, in addition to the surrender of Zhending Mansion's army, the world-famous Yuyang and Shanggu's sudden cavalry also played a key role. From then on, Youzhou Tuqi followed Liu Xiu and made great achievements in conquering the world.

After defeating Handan, Liu Xiu successively pacified hundreds of thousands of peasant armies including Tongma, Youlai, and Gaohu. The entire vast area north of the Yellow River belonged to Liu Xiu. In 25 AD, with the support of all the generals, Liu Xiu ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor in Qianqiu Pavilion, Hacheng, Hebei Province, and Jianyuan "Jianwu". At this time, Liu Xiu was already "holding territory across states and armed with millions of soldiers - "Book of the Later Han Dynasty".

In July of the first year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu sent his troops southward, sending Jianwei General Geng Yan and Chen Bing to Wushejin to block Chimei's eastward advance. At the same time, he sent Chief Sima Wu Han and Hussar General Jing Dan. On the 11th, they will march directly to Luoyang and surround Luoyang layer by layer. In September, Zhu Tuna, a powerful general in the revolution, saw that Luoyang was an isolated city, so he surrendered the city in desperation. In October, Liu Xiu made his capital Luoyang. Later generations commented: "Gaozu was established in Guanzhong, so his capital was Chang'an; Guangwu arose in the east, so his capital was Luoyang."

The first year of Jianwu was not only a year of establishment for Liu Xiu, but also an uneasy year for Liu Xiu's two women, Yin Lihua and Guo Shengtong.

In this year, Guo Shengtong, who had been accompanying Liu Xiu when he was in Hebei Province, gave birth to Liu Xiu's first prince, who was later crown prince Liu Jiang. This was not only a major event for Liu Xiu, but also a major event for the entire Eastern Han Dynasty. In addition to joy, Guo had to face another thing. Fu Jun, the servant, was ordered to escort another woman of Liu Xiu, Yin Lihua, to Luoyang. Guo Shengtong was unfamiliar with the Yin family. The Yin family was extremely beautiful, and it was obvious that she was not someone Guo Shengtong wanted to see. As for Yin Lihua, Liu Xiu left her two years ago. After that, she and her family moved around several times and lived in fear. She finally looked forward to the two getting back together, but things have changed. Not only did her former husband ascend the throne and become emperor, but there was also a woman she had never met before, and this woman was their flesh and blood. You can imagine Yin Lihua's state of mind. There is an old saying: "Emperors and empresses are of the same body." At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was an emperor but no empress, and the two daughters Guo and Yin were both named nobles. Among the two nobles, Liu Xiu was obsessed with Yin Lihua, so he wanted to make the Yin family his queen. There was no woman in ancient times who did not consider ascending to the throne as the greatest honor in life, but the Yin family refused to accept it. The reasons for resigning from the throne are quite complicated:

Firstly, although she was favored by the emperor, the public was unconvinced

Yin Lihua’s biggest advantage over Guo Shengtong She was so beautiful that she was favored by Liu Xiu. Although the emperor loved him, his civil servants and generals, especially the heroes from Hebei, could not be convinced. Although Guo Shengtong married Liu Xiu a few months later than Yin Lihua, more than 100,000 troops from the Zhending Prefecture joined him due to the marriage, which suddenly changed the situation in Hebei. Guo Shengtong also accompanied Liu Xiu when he pacified Hebei. Sheji has made great contributions. In addition, the Guo family has given birth to the emperor's eldest son Liu Jiang, while the Yin family has no children. Therefore, it is difficult to convince the public to establish the Yin family as the queen.

Secondly, the country is the most important thing, and the nature is tolerant and elegant

From the perspective of subsequent history, Yin Lihua is a person who attaches great importance to the overall situation and ignores personal gain. In the third year of Emperor Yongping of the Han Ming Dynasty, a minister asked Yi to establish the empress. Emperor Ming of the Han Ming Dynasty said nothing, but Yin Lihua, who was already the empress dowager, said: "The noble Ma is the one who has the most virtue in the harem." The empress dowager spoke, All the ministers and concubines in the harem had nothing to say. Ma Guiren is the youngest daughter of General Fubo Ma Yuan, who made great achievements in establishing the foundation of the Eastern Han Dynasty and is famous for his "horse-leather shroud". Ma Guiren is smart, comely, and has the virtue of maternal etiquette. She is the best candidate for the queen, but she herself Emperor Ming accompanied him when he was the crown prince, but he could never give birth to a son and a half daughters. Emperor Ming also had other concubines such as Yin Guiren and Jia Guiren. Among them, Yin Guiren was from the Yin family. Yin Lihua did not take advantage of her rights as queen mother and the fact that the Ma family was infertile to push the Yin nobles of her clan to the lower position. Instead, she thought of the overall situation and supported Ma Yuan's daughter, who was the most outstanding in virtue and talent, as the queen. Now is commendable. Throughout the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, the control of government affairs by descendant families was a major feature of the politics of the two Han Dynasties.

Guo Shengtong was canonized as queen in June of the second year of Jianwu, and his son Liu Jiang was canonized as prince.

As mentioned earlier, although Liu Xiu had established his capital in Luoyang, in fact, Liu Xiu was just one of the many separatist regimes at that time that broke apart the soil and became king. In the second year of Gengshi (AD 24), the red eyebrow soldiers attacked Chang'an in two groups. Gengshi's generals were defeated and the three auxiliaries were shocked. At this time, the Western Expedition Army led by Liu Xiu and Deng Yu was also approaching Guanzhong. Under the attack of the two armies of Chi Mei and Deng Yu, the Gengshi regime was in dire straits. In October of the third year of Gengshi, Liu Xuan surrendered to the red eyebrow army and presented the imperial seal obtained from Wang Mang, and the Gengshi regime was destroyed. After defeating Gengshi, the Red Eyebrows gathered millions of soldiers and occupied the old capital of Chang'an. However, raising food and fodder for hundreds of thousands of troops was a big problem. At this time, Deng Yu's Western Expeditionary Army had approached the outskirts of Chang'an and quickly occupied the grain harvesting land. Chimei was short of food, so he had to lead his troops to leave Chang'an and attempt to march westward to Long. They went to replenish food and grass on the right, but were blocked by Kai Xiao's army who had separatized Longyou, so they had to turn east and return to Chang'an. At this time, there was heavy snowfall, and the Red Eyebrow Army suffered great losses. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" records: "When there is heavy snow, the pits and valleys are full, and many scholars freeze to death." After a bloody battle, the Red Eyebrow Army repelled Deng Yu who occupied Chang'an and regained control of Chang'an. After that, Chimei defeated Deng Yujun several times. Liu Xiu, who was far away in Luoyang, saw that Deng Yu was unsuccessful in repeated battles, so he sent Feng Yi to replace Deng Yu and command the Western Expeditionary Army. Generals Deng and Feng joined forces to fight Chimei again, but suffered another disastrous defeat. Deng Yu felt ashamed and resigned. In December of the second year of Jianwu, "there was a great famine in Guanzhong and everyone was eating each other." The Red Eyebrow army had to abandon Chang'an again and march eastward. On the way, they fought with Feng Yibu who was marching westward. The Red Eyebrow army was defeated and suffered heavy losses. Liu Xiu expected that Chi Mei would march eastward, so he sent General Hou Jin's troops to garrison Xin'an; General Jianwei's Geng Bian's troops stationed in Yiyang; and the army under the command of Grand Sima Wu Han gathered in the area near Luoyang as a mobile force. Coupled with Feng Yi's Western Expeditionary Army, the Red Eyebrow Army at this time had fallen into a strategic siege laid by Liu Xiu. In the first month of the third year of Jianwu's reign, the red-browed army of more than 100,000 soldiers surrendered to Liu Xiu and presented the jade seal inherited from Gengshi. At this point, the Red Eyebrow Rebel Army, which had been running across the Central Plains for nearly ten years since Wang Mang Tianfeng's fifth year, was strangled in a pool of blood by Liu Xiu. Just when Deng Yu and Chi Mei were fighting on the Western Front, Liu Yong, the eighth grandson of King Liang Xiao of the former Western Han Dynasty and King of Liang, proclaimed himself emperor in Suiyang. History said: "Dong Xian, Zhang Bu and others joined forces with the Japanese, and then dedicated According to the East".

In order to eliminate the huge threat of Liu Yong's military group to the capital Luoyang, after five years of fierce fighting from the second year to the sixth year of Jianwu, Liang Wang Liu Yong and his subordinate Qi Wang Zhang Bu were all pacified one by one. Among them, Jianwei Da The Youzhou cavalry led by General Geng Yan made great achievements in the battle, pacifying more than 70 cities in Qi in one fell swoop. The famous saying in later generations, "Where there is a will, there is a way" came from Liu Xiu's praise of him. After the Central Plains was initially settled, Wei Xiao, who was entrenched in Longyou, and Gongsun Shu of Bashu formed a tripartite power with Liu Xiu. In April of the sixth year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu came to Chang'an in person to deploy the battle against Longyou. In May, Gai Yan and other seven generals launched a campaign against Longyou. In the Battle of Longdi, the Han army was defeated and had to retreat to Chang'an. In the eighth year of Jianwu's reign, Liu Xiu once again used troops against Longyou. The two sides fought fiercely for days in Lueyang, Xicheng and other places, and the Kuihuo troops suffered heavy casualties. At this time, generals Wang Yuan, Zhou Zong and others led the Xishu reinforcements to attack. The already exhausted Han army was in a panic and failed to form a formation. It was defeated across the board. Liu Xiu's two military campaigns against Longyou were met with defeat, something Liu Xiu had never encountered since the Unification War. The long-term war consumption made the situation of the Kaixiao Group very difficult. In the spring of the ninth year of Jianwu, Kaixiao died in grief and anger, and his son Kaichun succeeded to the throne. In the autumn of the tenth year of Jianwu's reign, Liu Xiu personally went to the battlefield of Longyou and commanded the final battle to level Longyou. Soon, the Han army broke through Luomen. Zhou Zong and other generals and Kai Xiao's son Kai Chun surrendered, and Longyou was leveled. Youzhou Tuqi and Longyou Iron Cavalry are world-famous. The battle for Longyou lasted for four years. The two sides repeatedly saw each other and it was extremely difficult. It finally ended with the complete victory of Liu Xiu's army. In the twelfth year of Jianwu, Wu Han conquered Chengdu, and Gongsun Shu, the "White Emperor", perished. From the first year of Jianwu to the twelfth year of Jianwu, the twelve-year unification war came to an end.

In the fourth year of Jianwu, the noble Yin Lihua gave birth to her first prince, Liu Zhuang, the future Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty, while following Liu Xiu on his way to the north to conquer Peng Chong. In the seventeenth year, the Queen Guo family was deposed and the noble family was established. The third Duke of Zhizhao said: "The queen is stubborn and resentful. She violates the imperial edicts several times. She cannot care for her son and trains her elders in different rooms. If you see eagles and falcons in the palace, it has nothing to do with the virtues of Ju", but the style of Lu and Huo. How can I entrust you to honor the Ming Dynasty? Now I send the great Situ She and Zong Zhengji to bear the seal of the queen. I belong to a good family in my hometown and I have not seen him. , is the mother of the world. The master is recorded in the old scriptures, and the time is honored. If something unusual happens, it will not be a blessing to the country, and it will not be celebrated. "

The Queen of Yin is frugal in her reign, and she rarely likes to play. Don't like to laugh or joke. Benevolent, filial, and kind. After Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, he respected Yin Lihua as the empress dowager. In the seventh year of Yongping, Yin Lihua died and reigned for 24 years.