1. Use the column argument method to write a 500-word essay

Mobilize, apply, and extend at any time to deduce an article with sufficient reasons. For example, when writing "Talk about the Road of Life", if Lu Xun's discussion about the road is used as a premise to develop an argument, it will be possible to explain and elicit some truth. Lu Xun said this in "Impressions Sixteen "The Road of Life"": "What is a road? It is trampled from a place where there is no road, and it is opened from a place where there are only thorns." Among them, the principles of "trampling out where there is no road" and "carving out where there are only thorns" can be deduced to the principle that walking on the road of life requires courage and not being afraid of hardships. This is a natural and profound argument.

The inductive method is the opposite of the deductive method. It is a verification method from the individual, the specific to the general, and from the micro to the macro. For example, in the title of "Leonardo Da Vinci's Reflections on Painting Eggs", someone wrote: "If Leonardo did not receive rigorous training from a famous teacher, it would be difficult to imagine that he would become a generation of artistic masters in the future; a famous Italian violinist How could Paganini become the world-famous violin king without rigorous basic training in childhood; how could Li Shaochun, my country's famous Peking Opera performing artist, become an actor with both civil and military skills if he did not have a solid foundation in martial arts and singing skills? ...." Then he summarized: "Achieved artists have all "painted eggs" (it is necessary to point out the title at the end), that is, they have undergone strict basic training, have solid basic skills, and have laid the foundation for the construction of tall buildings. Only by building a deep foundation can they reach a state that ordinary people cannot reach. "With the three typical examples above, the final conclusion is a matter of course.

The analogy method is an argument method that draws conclusions based on the fact that two objects are identical or similar in certain attributes. For example, in "Leonardo Da Vinci's Thoughts on Painting Eggs", from the fact that Leonardo da Vinci's teacher asked him to paint eggs to practice basic skills, we can think of some similar examples: an acrobat is very skilled in spinning discs. When someone asks him the secret, the actor will The questioner was led to the bedside and pointed under the bed. 2. Methods of citing arguments in essays

1. The structure of argumentative essays (1) Argumentative essays are a form of thinking that uses concepts, judgments and reasoning to reflect objective Realistic, theoretical and argumentative style that expresses cognitive achievements.

Since an argumentative essay should discuss an opinion on an objective thing, express the author’s attitude, and convince the reader, then it should not only present the author’s opinion and attitude, but also explain why such an opinion is proposed. Why do you have this attitude? This process of explaining "why" is the process of argument.

A complete proof must consist of three parts: argument, argument, and demonstration. These three parts are the three elements that constitute the characteristics of the argumentative essay, and they each bear different tasks.

1. Argument. The so-called argument is the point of view or claim put forward by the author in the article.

It is the center of the entire argumentation process. It is responsible for answering "what to argue for" and clearly expresses what the author agrees with and what he opposes. 2. Arguments.

The so-called arguments are the basis used to prove the argument. In a proof, it is tasked with answering "why".

According to the nature and characteristics of the arguments themselves, they can be divided into two categories: factual arguments and theoretical arguments. Factual arguments are true descriptions or generalizations of objective things, which are the most convincing arguments to prove arguments. Theoretical arguments refer to those opinions that are derived from practice and have been proven and tested by long-term practice and are judged to be correct. .

It includes the basic principles of philosophy, celebrities, mottos, idioms, proverbs, etc. 3. Argument.

The so-called argument is the logical process and method of using arguments to prove arguments, which refers to the logical connection between materials and viewpoints, such as the connection between arguments and arguments in the form of deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. It is tasked with answering "how to prove".

In short, argumentative papers, regardless of length, must have three elements: argument, argument, and demonstration: these three elements are closely integrated and indispensable, and together they can complete a complete proof task. (2) The basic structure of the argumentative essay.

Argumentative essays are different from narrative essays in that they are structured according to the logical connection of events.

The most common structural form of argumentative essays is the so-called "three-paragraph" structure: introduction, main body, and conclusion, that is, raising questions, analyzing problems, and solving problems.

1. Introduction. Also called "Introduction", it is the beginning of the article.

This part is responsible for presenting the central argument. There are many ways to ask questions, and we will explain them thematically.

2. This thesis. Also called the main argument, it is the most important part of the argumentative essay.

This part is responsible for the task of demonstrating the central argument, that is, using various arguments and equivalent proof methods to prove the argument. As for this thesis part.

There are three main types of architecture. (1) Parallel type: The several levels used to prove an argument are in a parallel relationship, and the characteristic is that several parallel sub-arguments are used to elaborate the central argument.

(2) Progressive: The relationship between the several levels used to prove a point is to advance layer by layer and gradually deepen. The characteristic is to raise questions-analyze problems-solve problems, that is, "is What-why-how" framework. (3) Comparative type: The level used to prove the argument is a two-phase contrasting relationship.

3. Conclusion. Generally, it comprehensively summarizes the main content of the thesis or points out the method to solve the problem, and encourages the readers to take action or accept the correct proposition.

It is the inevitable result of analyzing problems. Its function is to reiterate the main ideas of the whole article so that readers can get a specific overall understanding. 3. How to cite arguments in college entrance examination essays

The citation method is to quote axioms, famous aphorisms, classic works, historical documents, proverbs, idioms, sayings, legends, ancient and modern poems, etc. as a basis for argumentation. Argument, a method of argumentation to prove a point, that is, citing theoretical arguments to demonstrate.

Its advantage is that it is more authoritative and persuasive. 1. Pay attention to the problem of using citation method, which includes two factors: first, you must find the exact theoretical argument, which can be called "citation"; second, you must analyze the theoretical basis and fully connect it with the topic, which can be called "citation". as "proof".

Many students put a lot of effort into "quoting", but they often don't pay enough attention to "proof"; they only "quote" without "proof", committing the problem of "viewpoints plus quotations". In fact, when using the citation method, it is gratifying to find the exact theoretical basis, but the argument itself is only a kind of material, and it cannot replace the argument.

Without the process of argumentation and analysis, the article will be feeble. Therefore, after listing the theoretical basis, it must be properly elaborated, cited with evidence, cited with explanation, clarifying the purpose of citing the data, clarifying the meaning of the cited data, and closely connecting it with the viewpoint.

How to use citation method well? ①. The famous quotes and aphorisms quoted should be highly targeted. Each famous saying comes from a specific background and is used for a specific communication purpose. Even when talking about the same issue, there are many famous quotes to choose from.

Carefully analyze the unique functions of each argument and quote it into the most appropriate language environment. For example: to emphasize the importance of ambition, you should choose "The three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize his ambition."

To emphasize the noble and lofty aspirations, choose "How can a sparrow know the ambition of a swan"? A classmate indulged When surfing the Internet, you should choose "Playing with things to lose one's ambition". A certain student should not persevere and become frustrated all at once, so he should choose "People who do something have long ambitions, and people who do nothing always have ambitions." ②. Be concise and not too many.

Discussion is about expressing one's own opinions rather than introducing others' opinions. The purpose of quoting other people's words is to make readers more convinced of your own words. Your own words should be the main body of the discussion and the most eye-catching part of the whole text.

It is easy to drown your own analysis with too many quotations. ③. Pay attention to the difference between direct quotation and indirect quotation.

For direct quotations, make sure that the text and even punctuation are accurate; for indirect quotations, you only need to state the general idea, but pay attention to the conversion of persons. 2. Explicit citation and implicit citation There are two types of citation: explicit citation and implicit citation.

But no matter which one they are, they must be consistent with the point of view being argued or the center of the article, and they must be naturally harmonious and integrated in the writing. Example 1 In human language, there is one word that is the most sacred, noble, eternal, transcends time and space, and has immortal value, and that is "motherland".

When Qu Yuan embraced the sand and threw himself into the Miluo River, he thought of the motherland; when Wen Tianxiang crossed the Lingding Ocean and sang "No one in life has died since ancient times, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history", he thought of the motherland; Yue Fei thought of the motherland; When Tan Sitong made the bold statement "Go straight to Huanglong Mansion and have a drink with all the gentlemen", he was thinking of "the motherland"; when Tan Sitong faced the swordsman and killed him with his neck, his face did not change, "I am smiling to the sky with the sword across my side." What he thought of was the "motherland"; Lu Fangweng said: "I know that everything is in vain when I die, but I am not as sad as all the nine states.

On the day when Wang Shibei set the Central Plains, he did not Don't forget to tell Nai Weng about family sacrifices." He dreamed about the soul. It is also the "motherland" that we are lingering and thinking about; when General Ji Hongchang, the anti-Japanese national hero, died, he said: "I hate to die fighting against Japan, and I will be ashamed of today."

How can I regret that the country has been broken like this? This head!" He poured out his blood willingly and regarded death as a reward for his "motherland". They have a strong, deep, and insoluble love for their motherland.

For the destiny of the motherland, they are willing to sacrifice their flesh and blood and merge into the earth of the motherland, "the blood fertilizes the Chinese fertile grass." Commonly used quotations can be divided into two forms: ① Direct quotation, such as Example 1, which directly quotes famous aphorisms or poems to prove the center of the article; ② Modified quotation, that is, the quotation serves as an attributive in the article and appears in the form of a modifier.

3. Learn to analyze So, how to analyze the theoretical arguments cited? We can start from the following two aspects: A. If you are quoting a famous sentence in classical Chinese, it is best to explain it a little bit, without having to implement it word for word, mainly free translation. At the same time, connect viewpoints and make analysis.

For example, when we wrote "The Way of Making Friends", we talked about "Knowing each other is the most valuable thing in life": "Li Bai said: 'Knowing each other is the most valuable thing in life, why bother with money'. Friendship between people is the most precious , It’s difficult to measure it with money.”

The previous sentence quotes Li Bai’s poem, in which “life is precious, knowing each other” perfectly fits the point of view. The latter sentence not only explains the main idea of ??the poem, but also gives its own interpretation. Friendship is more valuable than money.

Talking about "the way to make friends is to give": "'May the chariot, horse, and light fur clothes make love with friends without any regrets. This is the promise Zilu made to his friends. , share it with friends, even if it is worn out, it will not be a pity, because the way to make friends is to give.

Of course, what you give is not only material things such as cars, horses, and leather clothes, but also true feelings and spirit. support, etc." After explaining the quoted words of Zi Lu, and a little explanation of the relevant content involving the "payment" of the viewpoint, the argument analysis is in place.

B If the quotation is a popular sentence in vernacular, and there is no obstacle to understanding the literal meaning, we must seize the key sentences in the quotation - the content closely related to the argument, analyze it, and analyze it. content is revealed more clearly. If metaphors, symbols and other rhetorical techniques are used, some brief statements should be made to make the meaning of the argument clearly apparent.

Just like "It's important to know each other" who also wrote "The Way of Making Friends", we quoted some famous quotes below and made further explanations: "Romain Rolland said: 'Wisdom, friendship, this It is the only light that illuminates our dark night. Friendship in our lives is like a fire in the dark. It is especially precious in the dark night of frustration and discouragement - it allows us to see hope and light, and then we have The courage to continue." The first sentence is a quote from the original text, and the latter sentence captures the words "illuminate", "dark night", and "light", revealing their meaning and highlighting the preciousness of friendship.

"'When it comes to things like fame, honor, and wealth, if compared with friendship, they are all dust..." In Darwin's view, many things that are considered struggles are not as valuable as friendship. They are like dust. It is so humble and illusory, but friendship can bring long-term happiness and comfort to people, and is a lifelong 'wealth'. Quoted above.

4. Is the citation method a logical argument or a quotation argument?

Quotation argument is a type of "rational argument", also called "citation", that is, quoting famous quotes or opinions of famous people as arguments, and analyzing problems with reference to classics. , method of argumentation to explain the truth. There are two methods of citation: one is explicit citation, which explains who said the quoted words, or explains its source; the other is implicit citation, that is, does not explain who said the quoted words or their source. Source. Quotation methods are changeable and very flexible. Many celebrities also like to use quotation arguments when writing articles to consolidate their own opinions: For example: Su Xun's "On the Six Kingdoms" "The ancients said: 'I am interested in Qin with the land, but I still hold salary. "If you put out the fire, the fuel will not be exhausted, and the fire will never be extinguished.' This statement is derived." Among them, "the ancients said" is mentioned in "Warring States Policy" and "Historical Records". "The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi will attack Zhuanyu" "Confucius Said: Please! Zhou Ren said: 'Chen Li is listed, and those who can't do it are stopped.'" Quoting the words of the sage Zhou Ren to strengthen his point of view. The role of citation in argumentation: it can enhance the persuasiveness or literary talent of the article and make the argument more powerful. More or more attractive, further explain the argument of the article. Quotation arguments are generally used in argumentative essays. What are the argumentative methods of argumentative essays? 1. Factual argument (inductive argument) 2. Theoretical argument (deductive argument) 3. Comparative argument (contrast Argument) 4. Metaphorical argument 5. Causal argument 6. Logical argument. 5. Methods of citing arguments in essays

1. The structure of argumentative essays

(1) Argumentative essays are a form of thinking that uses concepts, judgments, and reasoning to reflect objective reality and express knowledge. The style of theory and demonstration of the results.

Since an argumentative essay should discuss an opinion on an objective thing, express the author’s attitude, and convince the reader, then it should not only present the author’s opinion and attitude, but also explain why such an opinion is proposed. Why do you have this attitude? This process of explaining "why" is the process of argument.

A complete proof must consist of three parts: argument, argument, and demonstration. These three parts are the three elements that constitute the characteristics of the argumentative essay, and they each bear different tasks.

1. Argument. The so-called argument is the point of view or claim put forward by the author in the article. It is the center of the entire argumentation process, responsible for answering "what to argue for?" and clearly indicating what the author agrees with and what he opposes.

2. Arguments. The so-called arguments are the basis used to prove the argument. In a proof, it is tasked with answering "why". According to the nature and characteristics of the arguments themselves, they can be divided into two categories: factual arguments and theoretical arguments. Factual arguments are true descriptions or generalizations of objective things, which are the most convincing arguments to prove arguments. Theoretical arguments refer to those opinions that are derived from practice and have been proven and tested by long-term practice and are judged to be correct. . It includes the basic principles of philosophy, celebrities, aphorisms, idioms, proverbs, etc.

3. Argument. The so-called argument is the logical process and method of using arguments to prove arguments, which also refers to the logical connection between materials and viewpoints, such as the connection between arguments and arguments in the form of deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. It is tasked with answering "how to prove".

In short, argumentative papers, regardless of length, must have three elements: argument, argument, and demonstration: these three elements are closely integrated and indispensable, and together they can complete a complete proof task.

(2) The basic structure of an argumentative essay.

Argumentative essays are different from narrative essays in that they are structured according to the logical connection of events. The most common structural form of argumentative essays is the so-called "three-paragraph" structure: introduction, main body, and conclusion, that is, raising questions, analyzing problems, and solving problems.

1. Introduction. Also called "Introduction", it is the beginning of the article. This part is responsible for presenting the central argument. There are many ways to ask questions, and we will explain them thematically.

2. This thesis. Also called the main argument, it is the most important part of the argumentative essay. This part is responsible for the task of demonstrating the central argument, that is, using various arguments and equivalent proof methods to prove the argument. As for this thesis part. There are three main types of architecture.

(1) Parallel type: The several levels used to prove the argument are in a parallel relationship, and the characteristic is that several parallel sub-arguments are used to elaborate the central argument.

(2) Progressive: The relationship between the several levels used to prove the point is to advance layer by layer and gradually deepen. The characteristic is to raise questions-analyze problems-solve problems, that is, "is What-why-how" framework.

(3) Contrast type: The level used to prove the argument is a two-phase contrasting relationship.

3. Conclusion. Generally, it comprehensively summarizes the main content of the thesis or points out the method to solve the problem, and encourages the readers to take action or accept the correct proposition. It is the inevitable result of analyzing the problem. Its function is to reiterate the main ideas and viewpoints of the whole article so that readers can get a specific overall understanding.