"If you don't think it's appropriate, change the word' Hong Kong' to' Shanghai' and the word' Ying' to' Zhang Ailing'. It's a perfect match"-said Ling Ke, an old friend and writer of Zhang Ailing. So, what kind of woman is Zhang Ailing? Zhang Ailing, 1920 was born in Shanghai on September 30th, and showed great literary talent since she was a child. 1943, she became a professional writer and became famous with her first novel, The First Furnace Incense. Although Zhang Ailing was appraised as a "talented woman", her life was full of twists and turns, and finally she lost her mind in a foreign country. Zhang Ailing's life has always made her unable to get rid of the unique sadness and profound desolation in the declining era, which affected the sad atmosphere in her novels. Educated by the conflict between Chinese and western cultures since childhood, Zhang Ailing's personality is a mixture of Chinese and western cultures. In addition, her ill-fated personality is extremely contradictory: although she is a famous family, she is lonely all her life and proudly declares that she is just a self-reliant ordinary citizen; Her words are sympathetic and reasonable, but she is withdrawn, isolated and goes her own way; Her life is full of art and enjoyment, but her works are full of sadness, aristocratic decline, vicissitudes, and tense situations ... So both her life and her writing have a kind of loneliness and helplessness, as well as an uncontrollable loss and desolation. Most of Zhang Ailing's works focus on the feelings of men and women and family ethics in declining families. She created one desolate legend after another with her pure and determined attitude towards life, desolate and gorgeous eyes, beautiful elegance and vulgarity in Leng Yan, sad style and wonderful images. Love-hate interweaving between hero and heroine is an eternal theme in Zhang Ailing's novels. She projected her inner anxiety about the times into the novel, creating a desolate artistic atmosphere and the mood of the characters, which she could never get rid of.
First, unique writing style and language style. Zhang Ailing's unique writing style and language style have always touched readers' hearts. It's no exaggeration to describe her writing with elegance, fluency, richness, thinness, vividness, accuracy and fluency. In her works, novel and unique metaphors and vivid descriptions can be seen everywhere, and the shapes and psychology of the characters have also been carefully carved. From the linguistic point of view, Zhang Ailing's writing is sometimes magnificent, sometimes intriguing, sometimes neat, sometimes profound and incisive, and sometimes tortuous, but she can't get rid of the sad and trivial tone. Show the characteristics of originality. Let's take a look at the following clip and have a deeper feeling. "Maybe every man, there are two women, at least two. Married a red rose, over time, the red one turned into a touch of mosquito blood on the wall, and the white one was still' the bright line at the foot of my bed'; When you marry a white rose, the white rose is a grain of rice on your clothes and the red rose is the Zhu Shazhi in your heart. " -"Red Rose and White Rose" and "Jasmine Fragrant" The first paragraph: This pot of jasmine fragrant tablets I brewed for you may be a bit too bitter. I'm afraid the story I'm going to tell you next is just as bitter-Hong Kong is a gorgeous but sad city. 1 "Fragments of Aquilaria Resinatum-The First Incense Burner" begins: Please find out the moldy and colorful copper incense burners handed down from family, light a batch of agarwood scraps, and listen to me tell a story about Hong Kong before the war. You finish this batch of agarwood chips, and my story is over. "About sky's married life, Qing Chuan can't imagine. She is not a bird in a cage. Birds in cages will fly out as soon as they are opened. She is a bird embroidered on the screen-a Bai Niao in the golden clouds on the melancholy purple satin screen. After a long time, the feathers were black and moldy, and they died on the screen after eating red worms. "Jasmine Fragrant Tablets" She looked at her watch, and a premonition of failure crept up her calf in the shade like a broken stocking. -"Lust, Caution" "Now that he has finally come out, people's attitudes towards divorce have changed, and all kinds of criticism and ridicule have cooled down. On the contrary, many people envy his rare wealth. It was 1936, at least nominally a monogamous society. He had three beautiful wives swimming together on the lake. He seldom complains to his friends twice. Friends always make fun of him and say,' At least you don't have to find another partner. This is a mahjong table behind closed doors. As can be seen from the above paragraphs of Zhang Ailing's works, there is a writer's keen observation and rich imagination between the lines, which is expressed through her skillful and coherent writing.
Second, the tragedy of women's existence under the background of abnormal times. The feminine color in Zhang Ailing's works is very desolate. Their personalities and hearts are twisted and torn, and their interpersonal relationships are full of holes and incomplete, which shows the love, marriage and moral psychology of old housewives and the dilemma of human survival-helplessness and sadness. In her novels, Zhang Ailing examines the ups and downs of women in the small family environment from the perspective of women, with her unique understanding of life and extraordinary artistic expression. They are tired of the embarrassment, anxiety, triviality and frustration of life, but they are helpless. They explore the double spiritual and cultural distortions suffered by women in history. It shows all the weaknesses of women, feeds back women's living state and emotional psychology, and shows women's living dilemma. They created a group of female images with different personalities and expressed profound and straightforward life pains full of tragic beauty. Most of the women in her novels are humble, pitiful, ordinary and vulgar characters deeply trapped in China's traditional feudal thought, and they can't get out of their established destiny no matter how they struggle. For example, Ge Weilong in Fragments of Aquilaria Resinatum-The First Pot of Incense turned out to be a new woman, but she didn't want to live a self-reliant life and regarded school as the capital to marry into a rich family. Educated by an unprincipled aunt, Ge abandoned traditional morality for money and pleasure and eventually became a "domestic prostitute". It is the endless pursuit of desire that distorts her humanity. The end of the work reads: "From then on, Wei Long was sold to Mrs. Liang and George, either to exchange money for George or to find someone for Mrs. Liang." Another example is Cao Qiaoqi in The Golden Lock, which was praised by Fu Lei as "one of the most beautiful achievements in China's literary world". Cao, who was born in a small family, became the second wife of the Chiang family in order to keep his power. The mismatch of portals led to her marriage tragedy, which made her lose love and respect, suffered humiliation and trampling, and became a victim of feudal marriage. And she passed on her suffering to her two children, killing their happiness with her own hands. She knew that everyone around her hated her, but her crazy desire made her crazy and went further and further in the dead end. In the end, she was desperate and depressed, lost her conscience and humanity, and her personality was distorted in the struggle and became crazy and vicious. Cao is helpless, the root of the tragedy lies in her nature, and she can't control her own destiny. The Golden Lock has also become a model for Zhang Ailing to depict the tragic fate of women. Cao, Ge and others, their situation is not only bleak, but also a kind of fear and infinite tragic sorrow. Readers can personally feel the decline of their lives and the coolness of troubled times, which will never be forgotten. Most of these female images lack independent consciousness. They can't find a harbor to escape misfortune, and they can't find reliable people. The contradiction of human nature makes them become women dragged away by fate. Because of their helplessness to the world and their livelihood, they have to make love for a living and make painstaking efforts, but they are only fighting for the most primitive desire of a human being-survival. Zhang Ailing's novels reflect on the tragic significance of modern urban life, show the common morbid life in a specific historical era and cultural dilemma with her desolate and lonely life feelings, and make us feel the cruelty and intensity of the tragic fate of women who sacrifice "reality" for "ideal".
Third, the superb psychological analysis and mental description of the characters in the novel. Although it is Eileen Chang's characteristic to use words accurately, capture images skillfully and use plot advancement to contrast the characters' psychology, her unique and superb psychological analysis and profound revelation of the characters' personalities make her works breathtaking and memorable. Zhang Ailing is very good at psychological analysis and description, and the words in her works can immediately create a matching atmosphere according to the progress of the story. Therefore, some people describe her novels as "every sentence is an action, and every action is a speech". We can see that in her article, there is no lengthy monologue and tedious analysis, and there is no lengthy description of psychological activities. Instead, she uses the natural movements and language of the characters to instantly outline the psychological state of the characters and at the same time create a desolate atmosphere and style. It can be seen that she has extraordinary insight and descriptive power, and the depth of psychological description of characters far exceeds that of other writers. For example, "Zhen Bao felt that he was completely defeated, and stood there laughing silently, quietly laughing from his eyes and flowing down like tears." Red roses and white roses "She didn't say anything. When Qi Zhi was mentioned, she remained silent all the time. Eun Juan may think she is still jealous-as a friend, of course. The train rumbled into the station, only to know that she had been ridiculously worried just now. Eun Juan smiled and gave her a relaxed hug. Smiling sarcastically or jokingly, she got on the bus. "-"Students and teenagers are not cheap. ""His eyes met her, and his eyes trembled slightly. He looked away. " -"Legacy of the May 4th Movement" "His heart was pounding. He tore open the envelope and pulled out a blank sheet of paper. Without a word, he immediately understood what she meant. She wants to write to him, but what can she say now? " -"Legacy of the May 4th Movement" "Presumably he chose this family in order not to meet acquaintances, and the door is near the main traffic road. It doesn't matter whether he really met someone or not. It is no more suspicious than a remote location, just like something that hides people. " -"Lust, Caution" Her novel is superb and successfully depicts the psychology of the characters. She is not only good at using psychoanalysis, but also good at reflecting the psychological progress and changes in every detail, and revealing the social roots from it, so that the novel has social depth. These include her careful observation of life, rich imagination, experience and overall grasp of writing background and characterization. This is well reflected in her short stories. For example, Miss Fan in the legacy of the May 4th Movement was originally an innocent and lively student sister. She can enjoy love like all young girls and be a happy and lovely woman. However, her forward thinking made her not mind being the girlfriend of a married man. Coupled with the ups and downs on the road of love and the growing love for the hero, she and two other women eventually became victims of the deformed "four-corner" marriage, and their lives became more and more bleak. The pain of the story turns into endless desolation between the lines, so the work has practical significance and historical sense. It can be seen that Zhang Ailing's novels are good at excavating the subconscious and abnormal psychology and describing the deep sadness under the modern rhythm. Not only the above articles, but also most of Zhang Ailing's works. The characters in her novels are almost psychologically unsound, and most of them are psychologically distorted to varying degrees.
Fourth, the clever use of image techniques. Image refers to the image form with color, luster and sound, which contains deep meanings such as metaphor and symbol. Influenced by the feudal family and western culture, Zhang Ailing's novels not only show the charm of China's classical novels, but also incorporate the essence of western modern novels, and most of them have distinct visual effects. Zhang Ailing is good at using imagery. The images she created not only attack and inherit the traditional images, but also have endless innovations, which make the fate, psychology and emotion of many originally abstract characters present concrete forms. "Moon" is an intention that is constantly mentioned in Zhang Ailing's novels. In The Golden Lock alone, the word "moon" was used nine times. For example: "Thirty years ago, there was a moon in Shanghai. We may not have caught up with the moon thirty years ago. Young people think that the moon 30 years ago should be a blush as big as a copper coin, like a tear on Duoyunxuan stationery, old and confused. The moon 30 years ago in old people's memory is happier, bigger, whiter and rounder than the moon in front of them. However, after 30 years of hard work, no matter how good the moonlight is, it will inevitably be bleak. " "Happy or sad moon." "There is a moon in the dark clouds, one black and one white, like a dramatic and ferocious face. Little by little, the moon slowly came out of the clouds, and there was a light under the clouds, which was the eye under the mask. " Even the end of the novel is "the moon sinks for 30 years and people die for 30 years, but the story of 30 years ago has not been finished-it can't be finished." Besides the moon, the common meaning is "mirror". For example, in The Golden Lock, "the wind blew in from the window, and the palindrome carved lacquer mirror hanging opposite was shaken by the wind and knocked on the wall. Qiqiao put his hands on the mirror. Bamboo curtains and a pair of magnificent landscape screens are reflected in the mirror, still rippling back and forth in the wind, and Byakki Smoker is ten years old. " Here, we not only use the mirror image to express the illusion of the seven Qiao, but also connect the stories in the simplest way to describe, imply and compare the relations of different natures. Other intentional techniques have also appeared: "like pulling and pulling the desolate huqin with melancholy colors"-"Love in the whole city"-"She is a bird embroidered on the screen-a melancholy purple satin screen, Bai Niao in a golden cloud, with dark feathers, mildew, moth-eaten and death on the screen." -"Jasmine Fragrant Tablets" also describes the inner process brought about by isolated and lonely people's longing for self-examination and self-reflection. Her inability to communicate with outsiders is like constipation. Emotional rubbish that should be vented piled up in her intestines and was blocked. This is the story in "Red Rose and White Rose": "A smoker has constipation and sits in the bathroom for several hours every day ... Only in the white bathroom will she settle down and take root. She looked down at her white belly, sometimes bulging and sometimes shrinking, and the style of her navel changed. Sometimes it is the eyes of a sweet and expressionless Greek stone statue, sometimes it is a prominent glare, and sometimes it is the eyes of a cult god Buddha. There is a sinister smile in her eyes, but it is very cute, with curved corners and crow's feet. " These images are "the eyes of Greek stone statues" and "the eyes of cult gods and buddhas". With her unique style and unique conception, Zhang Ailing created a grotesque art palace for readers, completed the construction of the image world in her novels, and made her novels show magical artistic charm. These intentions, either as an opportunity to trigger, or wake up people in troubled times or suffering. A simple image conveys not only the passage of time and the change of appearance, but also the process that the characters have experienced during this period. Zhang Ailing endowed "intention" with rich artistic connotation. At the same time, Zhang Ailing closely combined the characters' character, destiny and image in her works, which reflected her own calm and painful thinking about human nature, and even doubted and denied the world and even the whole desolate life. Zhang Ailing's novels have strong criticism and tragic appeal through the use of intention. She is secular, and the men and women in her novels live tenaciously and enthusiastically in a flea-ridden life. Whether it is marriage or love, it will eventually be based on despair and desolation, and there is no escape. Because they can't resist this secular environment. Zhang Ailing's novels are elegies of modern civilization and humanity. In her works, there are helpless desolate stories: cold in prosperity, sadness in wealth, melancholy and sadness in tenderness, depression, disaster and hardship in life, all of which have the characteristics of "tearing beauty" and touching artistic appeal. If Zhang Ailing's works reflect the mismatch between human nature and the times, "desolation" is the background of her life and history. Zhang Ailing has created miracles in modern history. The characteristics of her novels always have a sad foundation, like a beautiful and desolate gesture, which gives people a lasting aftertaste and inspiration.
Excerpted from the blog/%D3% F0% CE% E8% DC% F8% C1%E6/blog/item/27d15df3a995816495403c3.html.