Gu Yanwu (1613-1682), Han nationality, was born in Kunshan, Suzhou Prefecture (now Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province) in the southern part of the Ming Dynasty. He is a famous thinker, historian, and linguist. He is also known as Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi. He was one of the three great Confucian scholars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. His real name was Jiang, with the courtesy name Zhongqing. After the defeat of Nandu, he changed his name to Yanwu, with the courtesy name Ningren, because he admired the character of Wen Tianxiang's student Wang Yanwu. During the Ming Dynasty, many students devoted themselves to practical learning in managing the world when they were young, and participated in the anti-Qing rebel army in Kunshan. After their defeat, they traveled around the north and south. They visited Ming Tombs ten times and died in Quwo in their later years. He is very knowledgeable and has studied national laws, anecdotes about counties and cities, astronomical phenomena, rivers and canals, soldiers and peasants, hundreds of schools of classics and history, and phonology and exegesis. In his later years, he re-examined the classics and established a simple learning style in the Qing Dynasty. His studies are based on being knowledgeable in literature and practicing with shame, integrating learning and practice, scholarship and managing the world. The poems are often touching and touching.

Gu Yanwu's classic famous sayings:

The sound of wind and rain and the sound of reading can be heard, and everything in the world is concerned about family affairs, state affairs, and everything in the world.

The indispensability of literature between heaven and earth is to clarify the way, to record political affairs, to observe the people's privacy, and to enjoy the goodness of Taoists. If this is beneficial to the world and the future, one more article will be of great benefit. If you use strange power to disturb the gods, make nonsense words, suppress attacks, and flattery, if you do this, it will harm yourself and not benefit others. One more article will be a loss.

As a learner, one should neither be small nor arrogant.

No one is born with a cone of earth, but always has the heart of the world.

Therefore, the shamelessness of scholar-bureaucrats is called a national humiliation.

Rituals, justice, integrity and shame are the four dimensions.

It must be something that the ancients have not been able to achieve, and something that future generations cannot do without, and then do it. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, I was eager to establish myself, but I have not been able to try it, and I am still old. However, the ambition to worry about heaven and show mercy to people has not faded away. If it is related to the people's livelihood and the country's fate, we must trace it back to its roots and discuss its reasons.

My husband has ambitions in all directions, and if he has no plans in advance, how can he cross the three rivers and guard the wild rice all year round?

If you are not honest, you will take everything; if you are not shameful, you will do everything.

The purpose of a gentleman’s study is to clarify the way and save the world. It's just poetry, what's the use of the so-called insect carving and seal carving!

After witnessing the trends of the world, we know that the key to controlling chaos must be people's customs, and to change people's hearts and rectify customs, Ji Gang's education is indispensable. That’s it.

It is our duty to save this people from their misery and create peace for all generations. Benevolence considers one's duty and will only die after death.

Everything is uneven, so why do you have to suffer by yourself? You will be an inch long and hold a tree in your mouth until the end of time. I wish to calm the East China Sea, and my body and mind will never change. The sea will never be flat, and my heart will never be flat. Woohoo! Don't you see, there are many birds in the trees in the west mountain, and the magpies come and swallows build their own nests.

Canglong can still rain at dusk, and the old trees are blooming in late spring.

If there are too many officials, there will be chaos, and if there are too many generals, there will be chaos.

If a minister deceives the emperor and harms the country, he will be greedy for goods and bribes.

Wealth and honor are fleeting in life, but only honor, fame and longevity are the golden stones.

As a learner, one should neither be small nor arrogant.

No one is born with a cone of earth, but always has the heart of the world.

The liver and gallbladder are stored in heaven and earth, and the beauty on the temples is reflected in the country.

I wish to bring peace to the East China Sea and keep my body and mind unchanged.

My husband has ambitions in all directions, and if he has some plans ahead of time, how can he cross the three rivers and guard the wild rice all year round?

The old cypresses are turning green, and the quiet flowers are blooming in late spring.

Those who protect the world are so humble as ordinary people, how can they be held responsible?

For ten years, the world has been at war with each other, and the people all over the world have cried bitterly.

There are still remnants in the world, and it is difficult to follow Jiuding during major festivals.

It is against the rules of the world.

If you are not honest, you will take everything; if you are not shameful, you will do everything.

Ci Zhuhuda, regardless of whether it is complex or simple.

There are no immutable customs in the world.

Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. Excerpts from the famous sayings of the famous thinker Wang Shouren in the Ming Dynasty

Wang Shouren (October 31, 1472-January 9, 1529), Han nationality, his childhood name was Yun, his courtesy name was Bo'an, and his nickname was Yangming. A native of Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now part of Yuyao, Ningbo), he named himself Yangmingzi because he once built a house in Yangming Cave in Kuaiji Mountain. Scholars called him Mr. Yangming, also known as Wang Yangming.

Wang Shouren's famous sayings:

Although the world is huge, if you have a good intention and a conscience, even ordinary people can become saints.

The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water. They hold on to the image and seek it, but they are thousands of miles away.

Therefore, to be a saint is based on pure heavenly principles, not on talent. Therefore, even if you are an ordinary person, if you are willing to learn and make your mind pure with heavenly principles, you can become a saint.

The most valuable thing to learn is to get it from your heart. Seeking it from the heart is not true. Although his words come from Confucius, I dare not think that he is right. What's more, what is more, he is not as good as Confucius? Seeking it from his heart is true. Although his words come from the commonplace, I dare not think that he is wrong. Yes, what if it comes from Confucius?

The saints are of the same body as the world, the people, and the people. Confucianism, Buddhism, Laoism, and Zhuang are all for my use. This is called the Great Way. The second family is selfish, which is called a small way.

This heart is bright, what else can I say? There is no one in the world who cannot transform the goodness of human nature.

It is beneficial for people to practice hard work. If you have no choice but to be quiet, you will become chaotic when things happen, and you will never make any progress. When he is still, his kung fu is also poor. He seems to be restrained, but in fact he is indulgent.

Determining to work hard is like planting a tree. The roots and buds are not yet dry. It has a stem but no branches yet. Branches and then leaves. Leaves then bloom. When the roots are first planted, just cultivate and irrigate them. Don't think about it. Don't think about it. Don't think too much. Don't think realistically. What's the use of wondering? But don't forget the merit of cultivation, be afraid. There are no branches, leaves or flowers.

The one who attacks my shortcomings is my master.

This is a work that establishes learning and words, and a model that establishes morality and conduct.

Self-denial must be swept away and cleared up. Only if there is not a trace left, will all evils be attracted to each other.

A sage must learn from it.

When you are friends, you will gain if you are inferior to them, and you will lose if you are superior to them.

To achieve knowledge, one must do it. Without doing it, knowledge cannot be achieved.

Selfish desires arise day by day, like dust on the ground. If it is not swept away, there will be another layer.

The conscience in the heart is called a saint, and the learning of a saint only leads to conscience.

Thousands of saints have passed away, but conscience is my teacher.

Knowing good and evil is conscience.

He who can guard against fear is a conscience.

There is nothing bad in nature, so we know there is nothing bad in it.

To be knowledgeable means to keep this natural principle in everything, and to practice sincerely means to keep learning.

The essence of knowing and doing is conscience.

The place where knowledge is true and solid is action, and the place where action is clear and aware is knowledge.

Knowledge is the beginning of action, and action is the completion of knowledge.

There is no one who knows but does not do it, and knows but does not do it is unknown.

This heart is free from the disadvantages of selfish desires, which is the law of heaven.

There is nothing outside my heart. For example, if I have the thought of filial piety to my relatives, then filial piety to my relatives is just a thing.

The heart is the Tao, and the Tao is the heaven. If you know the heart, you will know.

Learn the way to become a saint and learn to have a conscience.

If I know the way of the sage, my nature is self-sufficient, and it is a mistake to look to him for reasons of things.

A serious illness in life is just a word of pride.

Therefore, those who are determined have the heart to learn; those who are determined are those who are determined.

Therefore, to be a saint is based on pure heavenly principles, not on talent. Therefore, even if you are an ordinary person, if you are willing to learn and make your mind pure with heavenly principles, you can become a saint.

The saints and the heaven, earth, people and things are of the same body. Confucianism, Buddhism, Lao Lao, and Zhuang are all for my use. This is called the great road. The second family is selfish, which is called a small way.

Isn’t it wrong for scholars who aspire to be saints to follow the teachings of Confucius and Mencius, abandoning the brightness of the sun and the moon, and hoping for the subtle light of a firefly?

The most valuable thing you can learn is your heart. Seeking it from the heart is not true. Although his words come from Confucius, I dare not think that he is right. What's more, what is more, he is not as good as Confucius? Seeking it from his heart is true. Although his words come from the commonplace, I dare not think that he is wrong. Also, how about it comes from Confucius?

There is no good or disgusting body, there are good and bad intentions, knowing good and evil is conscience, and doing good and eliminating evil is observing things.

There is no disaster greater than the merits of the heavens, no crime greater than concealing the good deeds of others, no evil greater than the ability to attack, no humiliation greater than the shame of forgetting oneself, the four are prepared and the disaster is complete.

When the human heart is upright, it is the Taoist heart; when the Taoist heart is lost, it is the human heart.

Before you look at this flower, this flower and your heart will become silent together. When you look at this flower, the color of the flower becomes clear for a moment. Then you know that this flower is not outside your heart.

It is easy to break the thief in the mountain, but it is difficult to break the thief in the heart.

The heart is reason. There is no reason outside the heart, there is nothing outside the heart, and there is nothing outside the heart. Excerpts from classic poems by Xue Xuan, a thinker of the Ming Dynasty

Era: Ming Dynasty

Introduction to Xue Xuan:

Xue Xuan (1389-1464) was a thinker of the Ming Dynasty and a famous master of Neo-Confucianism , the founder of the Hedong School, with the courtesy name Dewen and the nickname Jingxuan, was born in Hejin, Shanxi (now Jishan County).

Excerpts from classic poems by Xue Xuan, a thinker of the Ming Dynasty

1. You can’t talk to a villain. Xue Xuan

2. When speaking, every sentence must be coherent. When people are busy, they may speak carelessly, so they have regrets. Xue Xuan

3. If the soldiers have no integrity, the country will be on the verge of extinction. Xue Xuan

4. Although the book is ancient, the teaching is always new. Xue Xuan

5. The heart is like the source of water. If the source is clear, the flow will be clear. If the heart is right, things will be right. Xue Xuan's "Study Record"

6. In dealing with yourself, in matters, and in your subordinates, you should be sincere. Xue Xuan's "Study Record"

7. When talking to others, you should be gentle and calm. If you are angry, you will be unjust; if you are angry, you will be resentful. Xue Xuan

8. Dejin means simplicity. Xue Xuan

9. Don’t be careless in hiring people. If talent is not worthy of the job, how can the job be established? Xue Xuan

10. Don’t do it if it is beneficial, do it if it is useless, so you have to work hard without seeing success. Xue Xuan

11. If gold is mixed with copper and iron, it will not be refined; if virtue is mixed with a trace of artificiality, it will be impure. Xue Xuan The famous sayings of Dong Zhongshu, a thinker in the Han Dynasty

The famous sayings of Dong Zhongshu, a thinker in the Han Dynasty

1. If the teacher and commander are not virtuous, the virtue will not be proclaimed and the kindness will not flow.

2. Names are born from truth, and they cannot be called names unless they are true.

3. Everything is in accordance with the name, and each name is in accordance with heaven. Heaven and man are integrated into one.

4. The benevolent man loves mankind, and the wise man eliminates its harm.

5. If you are rich, you will be arrogant, and if you are poor, you will be worried.

6. Those with pure Qi are called essences, those with pure people are called virtuous people, those who govern the body use accumulation of essence as a treasure, and those who govern a country use accumulation of virtuous people as their way.

7. No good deed is too small to be done, and no evil is too small to be avoided.

8. He who can make all the people go there and win the crowd in the world is invincible in the world.

9. If the father is not a father, the son will not be a son; if the king is not a king, the minister will not be a minister.

10. Subdue the people and reach out to the king, bend the king and reach out to heaven.

11. Reduce taxes and reduce corvee, so as to broaden the people's strength.

12. The king is the guide for the ministers, the father is the guide for the son, and the husband is the guide for the wife.

13. Be generous to oneself but not responsible for others.

14. Nature is the simplicity of nature; goodness is the transformation of the king’s teachings.

15. The source of all chaos is always under suspicion.

16. If you have success and are happy, you must avoid it.

17. Saints bring benefit to the world.

18. Those who hide their illness will not get a good doctor.

19. Extremely honest and powerful.

20. If you want to judge the right and wrong, it is better to lead the rope; if you want to judge the right and wrong, it is better to quote the name.

21. The body has temperament, just like the sky has yin and yang.

22. It is up to oneself to control chaos and prosper.

23. A good teacher should not only be beautiful in his way, but also be cautious in his conduct.

24. Simplicity is called sex, and sex cannot be achieved without education.

25. If education is established but all treachery is stopped, the embankment is complete; if education is abolished and both good and evil come out, and punishment cannot prevail, the embankment is broken. The ancient kings understood this, so when they ruled the world from the south, they all took education as their top priority.

26. If Sanyu is not polished, it will not become an article; if a gentleman does not learn, it will not become his virtue.

27. Things must be done reluctantly. If you study hard, you will be knowledgeable and knowledgeable; if you cultivate yourself reluctantly, your virtue will rise and you will achieve great success.

28. If the harp and harp are not in tune, if it is serious, it must be solved and changed.

29. The unity of heaven and man, the power of kings is granted by God.

30. Act according to God’s will and teach morally but not punish.

31. The great source of Tao comes from heaven. If heaven does not change, so will Tao.

32. If the harp and harp of the imitation are not in tune, if it is too serious, it must be solved and changed, so that it can be used as a drum.

33. When words come from oneself, do not block them; when actions come from oneself, do not cover them up.

34. A small amount can make a large number, and a small amount can lead to rejection. Therefore, a sage must use concealment to make things clear, and use subtle things to make things appear.

35. Fate is the order of heaven, sex is the quality of life, and love is the desire of man. Lu Buwei's famous quotes, famous quotes about Qu Yuan, famous quotes about Ouyang Xiu