At that time, all ethnic groups had developed to the western edge of the Great Plains. In the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, there was a tribe named Jiang headed by Yandi in Hanoi, and there was a tribe named Ji headed by Huangdi in the foreign areas outside Songshan Mountain. They formed their own blood tribe alliance and continued to develop eastward. Tribes such as Feng, Yuan and Yan in the East also moved around Konosawa from Wen, Si and other places, among which Chiyou, a powerful one, once became the highest military leader of the Eastern Tribe Alliance. With the increasingly close relationship between him and the ministries of Yanhuang, an increasingly fierce armed conflict occurred.
Finally, the ministries of Yanhuang were completely unified, and Huangdi became the highest military leader of Xia nationality. Under the command of the Yellow Emperor, he fought against Chiyou in the land of Zhuolu. As a result, Chiyou failed, and the Yellow Emperor became the supreme leader of a larger tribal alliance, which combined the ministries of Xia and Yi. Since then, the Huaxia nationality has become the core force to continuously integrate many tribes in the Central Plains. It is in this case that the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the ancestor of the expanding Chinese nation.
The legendary Yellow Emperor, of course, can not be regarded as a simple individual, but a symbol of the times. This era is the beginning of the transformation from barbarism to civilization. Later generations often focus on the Yellow Emperor's creations and inventions related to the transition to civilization, such as characters, calendars, ships, silk and so on. This reflects that this is a period of rapid change.
After the legendary Yellow Emperor, it was Emperor Levin of Zhuan Xu. By the time of Zhuan Xu, the social economy was further developed, and the phenomenon of class differentiation was more profound.
In Zhuan Xu's time, it was said that the Jedi were connected with Heaven (in Mandarin and Chu). The so-called "Nan Zhong" should be a person who is good at observing astronomical phenomena and familiar with witchcraft. Since then, they have become full-time staff, responsible for matters related to the gods, expressing their fate and showing the gods as their privilege, forming a religious function of controlling the souls of the broad masses of the people. The broad masses of Li people can only work in the fields under the supervision and management of tribal leaders such as "Huozhengli" and must not "infringe" the sacred things in the sky. "Huo" and other tribal leaders became "civil affairs teachers" specializing in ground "civil affairs" and later developed into officials at all levels.
The isolation between heaven and earth and the complete separation of religious affairs and civil affairs essentially reflect the deepening of class relations opposition and mark the germination of state power and government institutions.
In the process of integrating tribal territory into national territory, military leaders at all levels fought for power to varying degrees. They are distributed all over the country, each occupying a certain range of territory, and the most powerful one of them becomes the overlord. The supreme military leader of the tribal alliance must get the support of these leaders or subdue them by force in order to maintain a stable position.
For example, when Yao, the legendary leader, was the leader of a tribal alliance, he often had to "consult the four mountains", that is, ask for the opinions of some powerful tribal leaders. In particular, the so-called "Taiyue" Gong Shi and Chongbo guns are the most powerful and need their support.
Shun is the leader, and he can succeed Yao as the supreme leader. First of all, he won the support of sixteen clan leaders who were called "Eight Kai" by Levin family and "Eight Yuan" by Gao Xin family. Then, he attacked the so-called "Four Fierce Clans" by force, subdued the opposition forces such as Gong Shi and Chong Bo Gun, and consolidated the ruling power. At the same time, he continued to go deep into Han Dan and conquered the Three Temples, further expanding the scope of his military conquest. With the increasingly complicated wars at home and abroad, many tribal leaders have gradually transformed into hereditary nobles, and the conditions for establishing hereditary kingship have gradually matured.
According to the tradition of military democracy, the highest military leader of a tribal alliance must be elected or recognized by many tribal leaders through certain ceremonies. The "abdication" system in ancient legends of China belongs to this nature. This traditional "abdication" old system still existed in the Yao and Shun period. But for a long time, it has gradually become a fact to choose successors within the same family; At the same time, relying on strength, the power struggle between Sishan and Sishu intensified.
According to relevant records, Tang Yao succeeded his son Dani, and Yu Shun seized the supreme dominance by force under the guise of "abdication". Later, Yu Shun also let his son inherit, and Yu directly replaced Yu Shun with his own power and prestige. In this way, Dani and the monk army were slandered as "traitors". Facts show that strength plays a decisive role in practice.
Yu achieved the highest ruling position, won the support of the leaders of the Xia Dynasty, and got the title of the supreme monarch of the Xia Dynasty, thus formally establishing the Xia Dynasty. Since then, hereditary kingship has been completely determined, and the history of the Chinese civilization era has begun.