Henry Dunant was born in1May 8, 828, the son of a member of parliament. Educated by humanitarianism since childhood, I care about the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the bottom of society. 1859 In June, the young banker happened to pass through the town of Sofelino in northern Italy, which happened to be the last stage of the French-Sardinian Coalition forces under the command of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte and the Austrian army. He witnessed countless wounded people shouting and screaming on the battlefield full of bodies. Due to the lack of medical staff, most of the wounded can't get the care they deserve. Compassionate Du Nan was shocked by this tragic situation. He immediately went to the town to mobilize and organize residents to rescue these injured soldiers. 10, 1862, 165438+ Du Nan wrote this personal experience as Memories of Sophie Reno, which was published in Geneva. In his book, he strongly appeals to mankind not to fight. In wartime, rescue teams should be sent from both sides, regardless of you and me. 1863 In February, he initiated the establishment of the International Committee for the Rescue of the Wounded, the International Committee of the Red Cross, in Geneva, Switzerland. In the same year, in June, 5438,+10, 16, representatives of European countries held an international conference in Geneva and decided to establish the red cross organization in various countries. In order to show respect for Du Nan and its motherland, the meeting decided to use the Swiss flag with a white cross on a red background as the general symbol of the Red Cross.
1864 In August, the Red Cross held another meeting in Geneva and signed the first Geneva Convention for the Improvement of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, namely the Red Cross Convention. Since then, the Red Cross has been officially recognized and protected by international conventions. Due to religious and historical reasons, similar organizations in some countries adopt the Red Crescent Society or the red lion and the sun as symbols.
The Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are both voluntary rescue and relief groups with the same nature, and are regarded as non-political and non-religious humanitarian groups that transcend national boundaries and time and space in the world. At first, it was to take care of the wounded in wartime, and later it became an institution to prevent disasters and relieve refugees. Many countries in the world have established Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies. Internationally, their joint organization is the Red Cross and Red Crescent Society.
The Red Cross cause initiated by Henry Dunant has made outstanding contributions to the peace and progress of mankind. However, he exhausted his wealth and became a patient in the workhouse for the elderly. 1896 When people found him in the workhouse and learned about his life as the founder of the International Red Cross, people gave the world's highest honor to this loving old man. 190 1 won the first Nobel Peace Prize. Du Nan passed away on1October 30th.
The Red Cross Movement originated from battlefield rescue. Swiss Henry Dunant is the founder of the Red Cross Movement.
1859 On June 24th, Henry Dunant passed the northern Italian town of Sol, and Frinault was catching up with a battle between the French, Sardinian and Austrian armies. Bodies were everywhere on the battlefield, with more than 40,000 casualties. Du Nan immediately organized local residents to rescue wounded soldiers and bury their bodies.
After the war, Henry Dunant wrote Memories of Solferino. In the book, he described the tragic scene of the war and the regret and anxiety of trying to save the wounded but unable to do anything. In his book, he put forward two important suggestions: first, countries should establish rescue organizations for the wounded; The second is to hold an international conference to study and formulate an international convention to protect the rights and interests of wounded soldiers and wounded rescue organizations. Du Nan shocked people's hearts with his enthusiasm and humanitarianism, and won wide popularity in Europe.
The Swiss Geneva Public Welfare Association selected five people, including Henry Dunant, as members of the preparatory group. 1863, 17 In February, the members held their first meeting in Geneva, from which a "five-member committee" (the predecessor of the later International Committee of the Red Cross) was established.
Du Nan spent his time and money on his career, which was recognized by most European countries. 1863 10 A meeting attended by 30 representatives from 16 countries was held in Geneva on126-29 October, and the "Geneva Committee" was announced and some resolutions were adopted. 1864 From August 8 to 22, at the second meeting, 12 countries signed the Geneva Convention of August 22, 864 (also known as the First Geneva Convention), agreeing to ensure the neutrality of health personnel, speed up the use of materials, and adopt a special symbol-the Red Cross on a white background. 1867, the first international red cross conference was held in Paris. 1880, the Geneva Committee was renamed the International Committee of the Red Cross.