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What kind of person is Lv Buwei?
Lv Buwei was born at the end of the Warring States period and was a businessman. Because of his meritorious service in assisting the first emperor to ascend to the throne, he was honored as Guan Zhong by the first emperor and served as the prime minister of Qin State. At that time, he was in power, in power, and there were 3 thousand diners at home. In order to make a name for himself, he asked the diners in the government to compile Lv Chunqiu, which was unified in form and varied in content, forming a mixed style. Later, because of Liao Ai's case, he was sent, dismissed and fief by rabbits. Fearing his rebellion, the First Emperor wrote a letter to severely reprimand Lv Buwei and threatened Lv Buwei to commit suicide. Lv Buwei's life fully embodies his characteristics as a businessman-smart, everything he does is driven by interests; Because of this, once the interests are damaged, he will fight back. As a result, his struggle with Liao Ai finally brought him a fatal disaster.

First, exotic goods can live.

1 1 century BC, a great man appeared at Lushimen. He was Lv Buwei.

When Lv Buwei was born, the country was in decline. In order to develop, around 265 BC, it came to Handan, the long-awaited capital of Zhao State. The prosperity of Handan City dazzled Lv Buwei. When he attended the party, he wandered between the karaoke bar and the dance floor. On the other hand, I haven't forgotten that he is here to get wealth. He wants to search for a product that can make a lot of money. Soon, this profitable product was discovered by Lv Buwei. At that time, Qin Gongzi was taking hostages in Zhao. During the Warring States period, the vassal states sent people as hostages to each other, mostly to jointly resist Qin and exchange hostages with the six countries. This is the so-called strategy of far-reaching and near-attacking.

There is a reason why strangers are allowed to do this unfortunate job. His father is Guo Junren, not a prince. In 267 BC, the original Prince died young, and Ann Guo Jun succeeded him as Prince. However, Qin lived a long life and didn't die until he was 53. An Guojun has more than twenty sons, and Ling Yin is just one of them. He is not the eldest son and is not loved. After a stranger came to Zhao, when the relationship between Qin and Zhao was friendly, the prince and grandson of Qin were naturally regarded as distinguished guests, but when the relationship between the two countries was tense, he became a prisoner.

When he first arrived in Handan, Lv Buwei heard that a Qin nobleman was trapped in Handan. After many snoops, he knows everything about different people's life experiences, family relationships, current situation and so on. Later, when Lv Buwei saw this down-and-out prince, with his many years of business experience, he saw at a glance that the treasure sought by many parties was here! I can't help but blurt out, leaving a famous saying: this strange goods can live. Lv Buwei hurried home to tell his father that he had found a profitable and strange product.

In 262 BC, Lv Buwei came to Handan again. He came to the stranger's residence, had a heart-to-heart talk with them, and expressed his willingness to give all his money to help them realize their great ambitions. The stranger said gratefully, if your plan can be realized, I will be the king of Qin, and the state of Qin will definitely belong to us!

Lv Buwei and makes finalized, immediately according to the plan. He first gave some money to strangers as guests and friends to accumulate strength and prepare to return to China to seize power. While he personally took the treasure and went west to find Qin. When he came to the state of Qin, he soon got to know Yang Quanjun, the younger brother of his beloved Mrs. Huayang, and lobbied them for a set of ways to make them avoid disasters and be blessed. When Lv Buwei told him the plan with strangers in Handan in detail, Yangquan Jun was overjoyed and quickly told his sister to let Mrs. Huayang understand? Quot simple truth, people can't be convinced by color for a long time, and they will lose their strength when they are old.

Mrs Huayang had no children, so she decided to accept an alien as her son, and induced a Guo Junren to let an alien be his heir. Since the status has changed, of course, strangers can no longer be taken hostage. Using his lobbying skills, Zhao agreed to send foreigners back to China. He said that he packed his bags and was ready to go home. Unexpectedly, the battle of Changping happened. Zhao Wang changed his mind and forbade foreigners to return to China.

Second, offer Handan Ji

When he was besieged by Zhao again, it was the battle of Changping and there was no chance to escape. At the same time, Lv Buwei made another successful deal.

In Handan, Lv Buwei has chosen a beautiful young woman who can sing and dance to live with her. One day, Handan Ji told himself that he was pregnant. Handan Ji had a brainwave and invited strangers to his house for a drink.

When greedy and lecherous makes learned that she was happy to go to the appointment, she was fascinated when she saw the romantic, gorgeous and moving Handan Ji as the hostess during the dinner. They immediately asked Lv Buwei to give him beauty. Pretending to be angry, Lv Buwei took the initiative to give Maggie to future strangers, making them cry with gratitude, and took Handan, who was pregnant with a child, back to her residence and lived a loving husband and wife life. In the first month of 259 BC, Handan Ji gave birth to a son named Zheng, the later Qin Shihuang. This is Lv Buwei's just investment, and its income will be recovered from the next generation of monarchs.

The birth of Ying Zheng left an eternal mystery to history. Some records say that Qin Shihuang's biological mother was pregnant with Lv Buwei's son before she married a stranger, which was carefully designed. There are also records that a stranger's wife gave birth to a child before her death. Menstruation is more than twelve months, so it can't be Lv Buwei's son. It is not enough to say that Qin Shihuang was the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei, but he was attacked and insulted by people who hated Qin Shihuang at that time and later. However, a careful study of Lv Buwei and Qin Shihuang's life and related materials of later generations can confirm that the latter statement is unfounded. Because: First of all, there are more than one or two records that prove the unusual relationship between Ying Zheng and Lv Buwei. Second, even if Handan Ji was born in politics in a big period, it cannot be ruled out that they are related by blood. Because the love affair with Handan Ji was not interrupted because she married a stranger, this relationship continued until Ying Zheng succeeded to the throne.

I am very happy to marry Jizai in Handan. Unexpectedly, the situation has changed, and the war has changed during this period, creating conditions for foreigners who are indifferent but eager to return to China to return to Qin.

At that time, the Qin army was attacking Handan, and Tian Lei led the victorious army to attack Handan. Zhao's downfall is just around the corner. However, when Tian Lei conquered Shangdang and waited for the king of Qin to give the order to attack, the internal contradictions of Qin appeared. Tian Lei received the order to send troops late, so he lost the opportunity to occupy Handan, but the foreigners trapped in Handan avoided a bad luck. With the help of Lv Buwei and the guests he made with money, the aliens successfully escaped from Zhao. However, Handan Ji and her youngest son stayed in Handan. Survived under the protection of powerful forces and was not caught by the prince of Zhao.

Third, the Prime Minister is good at taking power.

At noon in 25 1 BC, the state of Qin died of longevity, waiting for an to ascend to the throne and became the king of filial piety. When Zhao Haoqi died, Lv Buwei was very happy because the goal he pursued took a step forward. Another beaming person is a stranger. He became a prince because of his father's filial piety and the king's succession, only one step away from the throne.

It's a pity that the Crown Prince, who has been waiting for many years, has been addicted to debauchery and lust in the palace for a long time, infatuated with Mrs. Huayang's womanhood, and his body is empty and unable to cope with complicated government affairs. He died after three days in office, becoming one of the monarchs with the shortest ruling time in China's history.

Later, an alien inherited the throne of King Zhuang Xiang, and Lv Buwei immediately stepped onto the political stage of the State of Qin and began to show his personal talents.

The first order of King Zhuang Xiang after he ascended the throne was to give: think of him as the prime minister, Wen Xin Hou as the title of the country, and the twelve counties of Lantian as the food city. As soon as the imperial edict came out, all the officials of the civil and military in the Qing Dynasty were shocked, because no one in the dynasty could combine the highest rank, nobility and food city. Lv Buwei himself knows very well that this is only the interest he recovered from investing in Hangang more than ten years ago. In fact, the major policies of the State of Qin were completely controlled by the prime ministers Lv Buwei and Wen Xinhou, and the king was only the mouthpiece of the prime minister's will. Qin thus began the era when Lv Buwei dominated the world.

The first thing Lv Buwei did after he took office was to pardon sinners, reward the former king for his meritorious service and give people some small favors. This made Lv Buwei have a far-reaching influence among the subjects of Qin. He buys people's hearts, benefits sinners, heroes and people.

Just then, there was another good news. With Chu Zhuangwang's youngest son who lived in Handan for six years, he returned to Xianyang from Zhao. This is undoubtedly the result of Lv Buwei's arrangement.

Back in the country, Handan Ji is still beautiful, coquettish and lewd. King Zhuang Xiang was naturally affectionate when he saw Maggie coming back to him. Since then, I have been addicted to brocade embroidery and have no intention to ask about political affairs. Lv Buwei's arbitrariness in Qin's affairs was even more unimpeded. A calculating businessman shows his ability to seize opportunities and gain maximum benefits everywhere when he is in politics. The destruction of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was his first monument since he took office.

In 249 BC, the surviving Eastern Zhou Dynasty joined forces with the vassal states in the official residence to plot against the State of Qin. Originally, the elimination of Zhou Tianzi would be morally condemned. This time is the right time. The Duke of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty tried to attack the Qin Dynasty, which gave Lv Buwei a chance to establish a successful career. Lv Buwei easily conquered the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and incorporated its territory into the territory of the Qin Dynasty, completely eliminating the last obstacle in the process of reunifying China. When the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed, he moved to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to worship the people, which established merits for himself, won the favor of scholars, reduced the hatred and opposition of some vassal States such as Jiang and Ji, and created conditions for a large number of scholars to go to Qin State and successfully complete reunification.

In the first year of its administration, Qin was full of vitality both militarily and politically, and its national borders approached the chaotic capital of Wei. After the state of Wei, please return to Xinlingjun, who lived in Zhao after stealing Zhao. Relying on his reputation, Xin Lingjun formed a five-nation joint military operation, and the five-nation joint forces fought against Qin, defeated it and gave a blow. This was the first and only military defeat after Lv Buwei took office. Since then, he has been more cautious in using troops. From this defeat, we know that if we don't get rid of Xin, Qin's military conquest will encounter more difficulties. After many days of planning and careful arrangement, Lv Buwei spread rumors everywhere, and made the king at the foot of Andrew West remove Xinlingjun's military power, which led to Xinlingjun's death four years later.

Fourth, assist the new king.

In May 247 BC, just as the apricot flowers were dying and the garden was full of greenery, Qin Gong came with an amazing news: King Zhuang Xiang died. King Xiang of Zhuang, regarded as a rare treasure, did not hesitate to sell himself to take refuge in order to ascend the throne, and gave himself as a commodity to speculation. In order to please Mrs. Huayang, he did not hesitate to abandon his mother, Queen Xia, in the cold palace. However, at such a huge price, he just sat on the throne of the king of Qin for three years and died, only thirty-five years old when he died.

There are many discussions about the death of King Xiang Zhuang. Some people said they were ill, while others said they were hurt by Lv Buwei. No matter what the cause of death was, in fact, Lv Buwei's position in Qin changed again after his death.

1. "Guanzhong" monopoly

One day in the fifth month of the lunar calendar in 247 BC, the capital of Qin was solemn. In Zhangtai Palace, south of Wei River, there was a mournful voice, and in the harem, the music of nine strings echoed it. Here, Wang Zheng's pole-climbing ceremony was held immediately after the funeral.

King Zheng of Qin was only thirteen years old when he reached the summit. He is a minor child. At the solemn ceremony, Premier Lv Buwei always accompanied him and instructed him how to act. After Ying Zheng succeeded to the throne, Lv Buwei was given a special title-Guan Zhong, in addition to being prime minister and Wen Xinhou. Thirteen-year-olds certainly can't think of such a title. This was entirely Lv Buwei's own idea. From then on, Lv Buwei sat on the right side of the throne of the King of Qin in the main hall of Changtai Hall and began to deal with state affairs. From 246 BC to 237 BC, when the King of Qin ascended the throne, Lv Buwei took direct power in the State of Qin.

At the beginning of the reign of the king of Qin, the first task was still to win the victory over the eastern countries. The main targets of the merger war are still Korea, Wei and other countries, but there has never been a big war with Chu.

In 24 1 BC, the five countries of Chu, Zhao, Wei, Yan and Han joined forces again, pushing the king of Chu as the ally and jointly attacking the state of Qin. However, this time, they met with a counterattack and adopted a two-handed strategy of attacking and dividing up the vassal States, which immediately disintegrated the five-nation allied forces. At the same time, it also aroused the hatred of the king of Chu in the Qin Dynasty. The king of Chu, Kao Lie, couldn't help turning the finger of resentment to Huang Xie and Chun Shenjun. In order to please the king of Chu, Chun sought hairdressing and sexual relations for the king of Chu. But Chu has many sisters and aunts, but he has no children for many years. In spring, Shen Jun sent countless beautiful women into the palace, but there was no good news about having children in the harem, so Shen Jun was at a loss in spring.

However, one day, Li Yuan, a guest, asked an audience and later introduced her sister Chun Shen Jun. Soon, Li became pregnant. One day, she took the opportunity to propose to Chun a plan to ensure that she could spoil the monarch for a long time, and asked Chun to give her pregnant self to the King of Chu. A year later, Li Zhen gave birth to a boy for the king of Chu. Suddenly, the king of Chu, who had a son, immediately named her and made a prince. Since then, tang gaozu's reputation in front of the king of Chu immediately surpassed that of Chun Shen Jun. Since Li Yuan used Chunyu to gain political power in Chu, his only worry is Chunyu, who knows his background, so he is ready to assassinate Chunyu to kill him at any time. After the death of Chu Kao's martyr, Li Yuan successfully got rid of Chun Shen Jun and took direct control of the Chu regime. Li Yuan's plot coincides with his speculation, and Li Yuan was originally from Handan, where Zhao and Zhao succeeded in speculation. As for whether Li Yuan was a spy sent to Chu, it became a mystery in his life.

2. Recruit talents.

During his reign, the rapid economic and cultural development of Qin provided objective conditions for him to display his political talents. However, another main reason for Lv Buwei's steady development at home and continuous success abroad is that it attaches importance to talents.

Although Lv Buwei became the prime minister of Qin late, he never had the common fault of jealousy, and he attached great importance to senior officials. Among the veterans, Meng Ao is outstanding. This veteran has been in power in Lv Buwei for more than ten years, and he is neither proud nor responsible. He constantly leads troops to attack the city and plunder the land for the State of Qin. Although old, it has become a common practice. One of the reasons for Lv Buwei's success is that he is not wary of old giants and has no prejudice against his elders.

Lv Buwei doesn't stick to one pattern in employing people. The most famous one is Little Ganluo, who can take on the important task of envoys at the age of twelve. Xiao Ganluo first helped persuade Zhang Tang to accept the order to go to Yan, and then went to Zhao by himself, making Zhao willing to cut five cities for Qin.

Before Lv Buwei's bar mitzvah, in the Qin Dynasty, governors from all over the world were vigorously recruiting talents and supporting diners. Among them, the most famous are Xin Lingjun of Qi, Zhao and Wei and Junzi of Chu. Lv Buwei was the first politician in the history of Qin who realized the important role of scholars, thus attracting guests on a large scale and opening the country to train a large number of scholars.

At the beginning of Ren Xiangguo, Lv Buwei, thousands of halls and houses were built in Xiangfu, and many famous chefs were hired. Notices are hung on the capital and city walls, and scholars from all walks of life are welcome to visit Xiangfu. Because Lv Buwei himself is not from the Qin Dynasty, but he is an official of the Qin Dynasty, he is very attractive to those who are eager for fame and fortune. Secondly, Lv Buwei has great power, so the behavior of raising a scholar will not be opposed and envied. In addition, it is only a matter of time before Qin wins militarily and reunites the six countries. Therefore, as soon as Lv Buwei's notice was issued, people of insight flocked to the Prime Minister's Office. Soon, there were 3,000 diners under Lv Buwei's door. Among them are the famous Sima Kong and Li Si.

3, a golden word

Most people who are kings have two ideas: to live a long life and be king forever, or to leave a name in history for future generations to remember him forever. Lv Buwei is the uncrowned king, so he has to settle for second best. Soon he found a good way to keep his name. There are 3000 guests under his door, which is something that businessmen absolutely don't want to do without producing practical benefits. So he called all the people together and asked them to compile a book "Lu Chunqiu" to leave a permanent impression on him? Quot monument It is indeed a difficult problem to keep the views and styles of scholars of various schools and compile it into a complete book, but after some research, it is finally solved satisfactorily. This book is unified in form and diverse in content. It is really like a miscellaneous tree, flying around in groups, creating a miscellaneous style.

In order to improve the quality of his works and prevent copying off-the-shelf works, Lv Buwei came up with another trick. One morning in 239 BC, Xianyang City was much more lively than before, and people rushed to the downtown area one after another, all talking about it. It turned out that there was a manuscript of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals hanging on the door of Xianyang City, and there was a lot of money beside it. The notice announced that anyone who dares to change a word in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals will take his daughter away. However, as time went on, the curious audience became less and less, and the people standing in front of the city gate reading "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" gradually dispersed, and there was no one left at last? Quot take your daughter. In fact, it is not the word "unchangeable" in the book, but that people dare not change and are afraid of being killed. This notice is just a means of boasting by Lv Buwei.

4. Drink pigeons to commit suicide

In 239 BC, the king of Qin was twenty-one years old and had come of age. He can take power as long as the coronation ceremony is held.

Before leading the government, all the power of the imperial court was in the hands of Lv Buwei, and Ying Zheng was just a puppet monarch. Whenever the court handles political affairs, it can only be arranged according to its own situation.

When the King of Qin was young, Lv Buwei would go to the harem to accompany the Queen Mother after handling state affairs. The Empress Dowager Cixi turned out to be an old lover in Handan. She is a romantic and unscrupulous woman. However, in order to avoid suspicion, Lv Buwei, the prime minister, wholeheartedly handled government affairs and began to neglect the Queen Mother. In order to get rid of the entanglement of an adulterer, Lv Buwei had to find Liao Ai, another old lover of the Queen Mother, to replace himself, and arranged for Liao Ai to be a fake eunuch in Ganquan Palace, and accompany the Queen Mother to indulge in joy day and night.

Soon, with the title of Chang Xin Hou, the treatment and status of the title and food city can completely compete with Lv Buwei. Accompanied by the Empress Dowager, Liao Ai's power expanded day by day, greatly surpassing Lv Buwei of Qin. Liao Ai, who was born in the street, has no political ambition, but he has no talent except to please the queen mother's sexual intercourse. He relied on the queen mother to shelter the epidemic and set up a private party, but his bad habits did not change. After having sex with the queen mother, she did many evils outside the palace, which angered the court. Full-fledged, he also wanted to seek power and seize power, and gave birth to a son with the queen mother, who was kept in the palace. However, he also foresaw his own crisis. On the one hand, the opposition with Lushi Group is becoming increasingly fierce. More importantly, King Qin is 2 1 year old and can lead the government. If we can't control the situation before the King of Qin came to power, we will not only be defeated by Lv Buwei, but also be in danger of being eradicated by the King of Qin.

Regardless of the outcome of the front line, Liao Ai, the Empress Dowager and He of Qin are nervously planning their private affairs. A life-and-death struggle is about to be held in public

In 238 BC, when the king of Qin held a coronation ceremony in Yongcheng, Liao Ai knew that his indecent behavior and rebellion plot with the Queen Mother had been discovered, so he took advantage of Xianyang's emptiness to launch a rebellion and used the Queen Mother's decree to dispatch troops. However, the King of Qin was ready. Before the rebels left Xianyang, they met Qin Jun from Yongcheng. A group of thugs were quickly beaten out of the water. Liao's love was divided by cars outside the East Gate and wiped out by Jiuzu. The queen mother was reduced in salary, recovered her seal and placed under house arrest in the farthest Lama Temple.

In 237 BC, when the rebel army was suppressed and the influence of the Lv Buwei clique was not touched, the State of Qin discovered spies again. The State of Qin never knew that Zheng Guo, a water conservancy engineer sent by South Korea, had come to implement the plan to destroy the State of Qin. The construction of the canal by the Zheng people in Qin was a plot by South Korea to bring down Qin economically. So the king of Qin issued an expulsion order, ordering the expulsion of all foreign guests in Qin within a time limit. At that time, Li stopped the marching orders of the King of Qin, and wrote a letter to remonstrate the marching orders, pointing out the dangerous results of the marching orders, which were later accepted and revoked by the King of Qin.

In October of the lunar calendar in 237 BC, the King of Qin ordered Lv Buwei to be removed from the post of Prime Minister. Later, the suburbs of Mao Qi persuaded the King of Qin to go to the Lama Temple to welcome the Queen Mother back to Xianyang, and sent Lv Buwei to Henan for fief.

When Lv Buwei made a fief in Henan, he didn't hide his strength and bide his time, but took in guests. Envoys from all over the world came to visit him in an endless stream. The king of Qin was afraid of his rebellion, so he sent him to Shu and wrote a letter to reprimand him. Lv Buwei, who was threatened, was afraid of being killed, so he committed suicide by drinking pigeons.