Karl Marx (18 18- 1883) is the founder of scientific socialism and the mentor of the international proletariat. Marx 18 18 was born in a Jewish lawyer's family in Rheinland, Prussia. 1835- 184 1 year, studied law at Bonn University and Berlin University successively. /kloc-began to study Hegelian philosophy in 0/837 and joined the "Doctor Club" in young hegelians. 184 1 Graduated from university, doctor of philosophy. From June 1842 to March 1843, he was the editor-in-chief of Rheinische Zeitung. 1In June of 843, she married Yan Ni. In the autumn of the same year, he moved to Paris and co-organized the German-French Yearbook magazine with Lugar. Some articles published at this time show that he has become a materialist and a communist. Marx's two discoveries of historical materialism and surplus value theory turned socialism from fantasy into science. 1847, I was invited to join the Rightist League with Engels, and I reorganized it into the Communist party member League. In the same year, he attended the second congress of the Communist League and was entrusted by the congress to draft the alliance program with Engels. This is the acceptance document of scientific communism, the * * * declaration. The publication of the declaration marks the birth of Marxism. 1848 After the French Revolution broke out in February, entrusted by the Central Committee of the League, a new Central Committee was established in Paris, and the President of the League was elected. In April, I returned to Germany to take part in the revolution. 1848 During the European Revolution, the New Rheinische Zeitung was founded in Keren. After the failure of the revolution, he went into exile in London, England. In 1950s and 1960s, under extremely difficult conditions, the Marxist economic theory system was completed, and the first volume of Das Kapital was published in 1867. The second and third volumes were edited and published by Engels in 1885 and 1894. 1864 After the establishment of First International in September, International Working Men’s Association was elected as a member of the General Committee and concurrently served as the German communication secretary. He drafted the founding declaration, provisional constitution and important documents of previous congresses for the international community, and was the actual leader and soul of the First International. 187 1 During the Paris Commune Revolution, entrusted by the First International General Committee, he wrote the French Civil War, which systematically summarized the experience and lessons of the commune revolution and developed the theory of proletarian revolution and dictatorship. Suffering from illness in his later years, he is still committed to helping the growth of socialist political parties and personnel theory research in various countries. 1March 883 14 died in London, England.

Celebrity name: Friedrich Engels

Date of birth: 1820- 1895

Celebrity title: Marx's close comrade-in-arms, the great mentor and leader of the proletariat all over the world

Celebrity country: Prussia

Related introduction:

Friedrich engels/KLOC-0 was born in Bamen, Rheinland, Prussia on October 28th. 1820+065438. He is two years younger than Max.

My father is the owner of a textile mill, and my mother is kind and virtuous and well-educated. Gus showed extraordinary language ability from an early age. He mastered many foreign languages such as French, Greek and Latin when he was in middle school. As an adult, he can speak and write in 12 languages and read 20 languages. Segars wanted to go to college for further study, but he was the eldest son. His father hoped that he could follow in his father's footsteps, so he was forced to drop out of school and study business at 1837. At this time, there is still one year before he graduated from middle school.

Engels used his spare time to insist on self-study, read books extensively and study philosophy. 184 1 year, he went to Berlin for military service. He often takes time to go to Berlin University to study Hegel's philosophy. From 65438 to 0842, he went to work in his father's factory office in Manchester, England, and came into contact with the British workers' movement. He became a socialist soon after he arrived in England. 1844, Engels returned to Germany via Paris and met Marx here. Together, they wrote The Holy Family, which criticized young hegelians's idealism and clarified that people are the creators of history. In the second year, Engels published the book "The Situation of the Working Class in Britain", which scientifically pointed out the historical position of the proletariat for the first time.

1848, Engels and Marx issued an epoch-making declaration. /kloc-after the failure of the revolution in 0/848, he set out to sum up the revolutionary experience and wrote books such as German Revolution and Counter-Revolution and German Peasant War. He returned to England in 1850.

Engels has been engaged in commercial activities in Britain for a long time, mainly because of his economic support for Marx to finish the writing of Das Kapital. Marx knew this well and was deeply moved. Marx wrote to Engels and said, "My conscience often feels as heavy as a nightmare, because your outstanding talents are mainly wasted on my career and even abandoned, while you have to share all my trivial troubles."

Engels, like Marx, independently engaged in a wide range of scientific research and writing activities, which laid a solid scientific foundation for the theory of scientific socialism. From natural science to military science, from philosophy, economics, history to literature and art, he conducted extensive and in-depth research and systematically expounded Marxist philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism. His important works include: Anti-Turin, ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy, Law of Natural Argumentation, Family, Private Ownership and the Origin of the State, etc.

1883 after the death of Marx, Engels interrupted his research work and concentrated on sorting out, supplementing and publishing the second and third volumes of Das Kapital. It took him 12 years to finish this book, but unfortunately, The Theory of Surplus Value, which was originally published as the fourth volume of Das Kapital, could not be completed (this book was completed by karl kautsky, but he made a lot of revisions to Marx's original work. )。 From the * * * Declaration to Capital Theory, and even all aspects of scientific communism theory, Marx and Engels' painstaking efforts are watered. This theory is named after Marx because Engels said with such an open mind: "Marx stands taller than all of us, sees farther and observes more and faster." Marx is a genius, but we are experts at best. Without Marx, our theory would not be what it is now. So it's fair to name this theory after him. "

Engels not only engaged in heavy theoretical work, but also attached great importance to and cared about the revolutionary practice of international communism. He led the First International with Marx. After Marx died, he independently assumed the leadership of the international workers' movement. He guided the workers' political parties in various countries through correspondence, published articles and private conversations. 1889, under the direct leadership of segars, socialists from all countries established the Second International in Paris. 1893, 72-year-old Engels personally attended the second international congress held in Zurich. The delegates welcomed and paid tribute to him with stormy applause. Engels made a brief speech at the meeting, reminding the proletariat of all countries not to overestimate the role of parliamentarianism and political improvement in the struggle. 1August 5, 895, Engels died in London. According to his last wish, his ashes were scattered into the rough sea.