Literally, the vertical meaning is to unite the weak to attack the strong one; The reason why Hezong is called Hezong is because according to the map, the regular member states of Hezong include Zhao, Wei, Han, and Chu from north to south. The reason why Lianheng is horizontal is because its member states are usually Qin and Qi at the east and west ends. Hezong is a vertical alliance between north and south, and Lianheng is a horizontal alliance between east and west. In the middle of the Warring States Period, the powerful states were Qi and Qin, the two emperors of the east and west. These two countries happened to be at the two ends of the horizontal direction. Other countries were distributed vertically. First, under the promotion of Gongsun Yan, The five-nation coalition with Chu as the leader attacked Qin. As a result, the coalition was defeated at Hangu Pass and failed to shake Qin. Later, the five-nation coalition led by Le Yi attacked Qi, and Qi was greatly weakened and entered Qin. The era of independence. After the Battle of Changping, the six kingdoms were in disarray. Fortunately, the five-nation coalition led by Lord Xinling defeated the Qin army outside the river, delaying the six kingdoms' momentum for more than 20 years. Strategically speaking, the core of Hezong is to prevent one company from becoming dominant and maintain a balanced trend, while the core of Lianheng is to avoid making enemies across the board and defeat them one by one. Therefore, in the later period, Fan Sui's more precise core strategy of "distance and close attack" was developed.

The essence of Hezonglianheng is the diplomatic and military struggle between the major powers in the Warring States Period to win over other countries. Hezong means that the countries in the northern and southern columns unite to jointly deal with powerful countries and prevent Qi and Qin annexed weak countries; Lianheng means Qin or Qi wooed some countries and jointly attacked other countries. The purpose of Lianheng is to unite many weak countries to resist a strong country to prevent the annexation of strong countries. Lianheng The purpose is to serve a strong country as a backing and attack other weak countries in order to achieve the purpose of annexing and expanding the land. In addition to Su Qin and Zhang Yi, the most famous political strategists at that time were Gongsun Yan.

At first, He Zong and Lian Heng were changeable. Gongsun Yan, Zhang Yi, Su Qin and others lobbied various countries that He Zong could both align and oppose Qin; Lian Heng could both unite Qin and Qi. This is the so-called " "Chao Qin and Mu Chu". Later, because Qin's power continued to grow and became a common threat to the six eastern countries, the six countries joined forces to resist the powerful Qin, and Liheng was the six countries' alliance with Qin respectively in order to Gou An. The purpose of Qin's alliance activities was to destroy the alliance among the six countries, so as to isolate each country and defeat them one by one.

Gongsun Yan once united Wei, Zhao, Han, Yan, The Five Kingdoms of Chu attacked Qin. People at the time said: "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi a sincere man? When they are angry, the princes are afraid, and they live in peace and the world is destroyed." ("Mencius Teng Wengong" Part 2) Later, Su Qin and Zhao Fengyangjun Li Dui also united the five countries to attack Qin in 287 BC, which forced Qin to abolish the imperial title, which had a great impact. However, Zhang Yi's strategy of joining forces in Qin achieved greater success, making King Hui of Qin " Pulling out the land of Sanchuan, annexing Bashu to the west, taking Shangjun to the north, and taking Hanzhong to the south", "dispersing the followers of the six countries (vertical) and making them serve Qin in the west" ("Historical Records: Biography of Li Si"), truly achieving the policy of connecting horizontal lines The purpose of annexing land was for the implementation of the war. The struggle of Hezonglianheng adapted to the needs of the development of the Warring States situation and had a great impact on the politics of various countries. Its historical role should attract people's attention