After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, in view of the historical lessons of the prosperity of the buffer region since the middle Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty decided to adopt the basic national policy of worshipping and restraining military power. The imperial court attaches great importance to civil servants, not only the prime minister should use literati, but also the Tang envoys of the main commanders are mostly held by literati.

Scholar-officials in Song Dynasty had a strong sense of political and academic mission and attached great importance to the political enlightenment function of poetry. Confucianism has always attached importance to the relationship between "Wen" and "Tao", and Han Yu initiated the concept of "the consistency of Wen and Tao" in the Tang Dynasty, but this concept was really highly valued in the Song Dynasty.

2. Sense of hardship and patriotic theme;

Confucianism emphasizes that individuals should have a sense of responsibility and hardship to society, just as Mencius said: "You think there are drowning people in the world, so you drown yourself. I think there are hungry people in the world and they are hungry themselves. " Scholar-officials in Song Dynasty inherited this tradition. They have a strong sense of national heroism, take the country and the world as their own responsibility and pay attention to national hidden dangers. Fan Zhongyan's famous saying, "Worry about the world first", is the personality style that the scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty collectively pursued.

The ethnic conflicts in Song Dynasty were unprecedentedly fierce, and foreign invasion lasted for 300 years. In this way, the writers in Song Dynasty will pay special attention to the patriotic theme.

3. Inheritance and innovation;

When poets in the Song Dynasty stepped onto the poetry scene, they looked up at Tang poetry like a huge mountain peak, from which they could find endless treasures as examples for learning. However, this mountain peak also caused heavy psychological pressure to the Song people, who had to find another way out of the shadow of Tang poetry.

The selection of materials in Song poetry tends to be civilian. For example, Song people's farewell poems mainly focus on personal friendship and feelings, while Song people's landscape poems mainly praise the bustling Jinshan and West Lake. Therefore, the lyrical heroes in Song poetry are more ordinary people than heroes or peerless aristocrats, which makes Song poetry approachable.

Extended data:

Scholars in the Song Dynasty are the main writers of literature and art in the Song Dynasty. They have an aesthetic mentality of appealing to both refined and popular tastes in their literary creation, thus realizing the realm of taking the vulgar as elegant. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the Song Dynasty were organically integrated at the philosophical level, and the integration of the three religions became the trend of thought of the times, which made the cultural character of the literati in the Song Dynasty different from that of the previous generation.

First of all, the scholar-officials integrated the traditional way of life, taking social responsibility and pursuing personal freedom are no longer mutually exclusive poles. Secondly, the literati in Song Dynasty adopted a new attitude, which was not as flashy and comfortable as that in Tang Dynasty, but inclined to be rational, peaceful, steady and indifferent.

In real life, the scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty mostly adopted the attitude of sharing the same light with the dust and the common people. In their view, the distinction between elegance and vulgarity in life should focus on large sections rather than small sections, and should be reflected in the heart rather than appearance. So you don't have to give up alcohol and meat, you don't have to live in seclusion.

Subsequently, the aesthetic attitude of Song people was also secularized, which helped to liberate Song literature from the shackles of elegance and vulgarity, and the prosperity of Song ci was its typical performance.

People's Network —— Enlightenment from the peak of literature and art in Song Dynasty (a lesson from the peak)