References:
/view/9559.html？ Wtp=tt Li Shangyin (about 8 13- about 858), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was named Yu Xisheng, and a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, Fan Nansheng, whose name happened to be Mu. Among them, Li Shangyin's poetic style is closer to Du Fu's. "The Tang Dynasty learned from Lao Du, the only mountain" (Wang Anshi's words), and Du Mu's poetic style is more like Li Bai's.
& ltbr & gt
& ltbr & gt Like Li He, Li Shangyin is a member of the Tang Clan. But because of the long history, the family is already very poor. He was enlightened at an early age. At the age of sixteen, he walked out of the office with two ancient essays, On Talent and On Sage, and was appreciated by Linghu Chu, who stayed in Dongdu (Luoyang). Linghu Chu was a master of parallel prose at that time, and Li Shangyin got his careful guidance, which soon became "The Epiphany". This skill became an important skill in his later years.
& ltbr & gt At the age of 26, Li Shangyin was admitted to Jinshi with the help of Hu Ling and his son. The following year, he entered the shogunate of Wang Maoyuan and married his daughter. Piano and harp are in harmony. However, at that time, the struggle between Niu (monk and Confucian) and Li (Deyu) was fierce. Linghu Chu belongs to Niu School and Yuan belongs to Li School. Li Shangyin's move was regarded as taking refuge in Wang Maoyuan, so he was accused by Linghu Mao, the son of Linghu Chu, of "profiteering and stealing". After that, he spent his whole life in the struggle between the two parties, suffering, and failed to live up to his ambition and talent of "returning to the sky and entering the boat" ("Stability Tower"). He is 46 years old.
& ltbr & gt
& ltbr & gt Li Shangyin has made outstanding achievements in art, among which the seven laws are the highest, and there are many famous articles and epigrams in other five-character quatrains, seven-character ancient poems and five-character ancient poems. His poems emphasize artistic conception, implicit, affectionate, subtle and tortuous, with deep sustenance, gorgeous and beautiful, and the essence is all in it; Be good at using historical allusions and myths and legends, and form colorful artistic images through imagination, association and symbol; His Bi Xing adopts the method of the Book of Songs, and Beauty Vanilla imitates Li Sao, which is profound and profound, and its beautiful imagination and language directly benefit from Li He. If Li He's poems emphasize imagination, Li Shangyin's poems are more important than symbols.
& ltbr & gt Li Shangyin's poems were very popular in the early Song Dynasty. "Kunxi style" imitated the allusions of Yishan poetry, and later became Kunxi poetry school. However, it only learned rhetoric mechanically, but could not get the essence of Yishan's poetry.
& ltbr & gt Li Shangyin's poems satirize the present with reference to the past, and he has no scruples. For example, two poems in "Ma Su" point directly at the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, saying that "the emperor of the four seasons is not as good as Lu", and such courage of "riding on" is rare in the politically enlightened Tang Dynasty. Poems in Northern Qi, such as "Looking ahead to the sages' country, being defeated by thrift and extravagance" and "I'm too lucky to have a few bodies, and I've reported Zhou Shi as Jinyang", are direct criticisms and allegories of Tang Jingzong's extravagant style; Jia Sheng, a famous article, said, "Looking for a wise man to visit courtiers in the middle of the night, Jia Sheng was even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. "He rebuked the emperor of the late Tang Dynasty for his absurd behavior of seeking immortals to visit Taoism and make an alchemist in order to achieve the goal of immortality, and thus he missed the country. "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" truly describes the poverty of the people after three years of war and drought after the Ganlu Revolution, traces back to a series of major changes in the country in the past 100 years, and seeks a political way out from the comparison between the past and the present, worrying about the country and the people, which is quite meaningful for Fu's Northern Expedition.
& ltbr & gt Li Shangyin's love poems have achieved great success. There are more than ten untitled poems, and there are also more than ten poems with the previous two words as their titles, such as Jinse, Bi Cheng and Wei You. There are also a few poems that seem to be titled, but they are all about lingering love, fantasy and sadness: "Time was far before I met her, but it was longer after we parted, and the east wind rose and a hundred flowers blossomed"; " If angels don't bring their lovers into the room, what life will they have except dreams? "; " Storms make nut horns ecstasy, and the moon dew makes cinnamon leaves sweet. "But I can't reach the magic mountain, and you are over there, 10,000 peaks away." Does the human heart have to bloom in spring like all other flowers? Even if this bright flame of love, should it only be ashes? ".
& ltbr & gt His "Jinse" is rich in words, easy to understand literally and profound in content, and has always been praised as "a Jinse can solve people's difficulties". In addition, "Su E, a young woman, is hardy and fights frost in the middle of the month" ("Frost Moon"); "God pities grass, and there is sunshine on earth" (Yixian); "Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir, the sky is high and the clouds are light at night" ("Chang 'e") also gives a deep impression.
& ltbr & gt Like Li He, Li Shangyin is also good at writing dreams. Life is like a dream, dreams are like life. In Li Shangyin's poems, these two realms complement each other, and through dreams, we can find relief from the painful life and find a bright, beautiful and happy life. For example, "I am a colored pen in my dream, and I want to send flowers and leaves to the clouds" ("Peony"); "Ten-year-old dreams of picking flowers" ("East Return") and so on.
& ltbr & gt
& ltbr & gt Li Shangyin's poems are, of course, wonderful flowers in the poetry garden, and his prose is also unique. His poems are sincere and tortuous, but his prose is steep and firm, unique and sharp, refuting secular prejudices and expressing his thoughts directly; This chapter is beautiful and fair, full of talent and foresight, not limited by style, good at expression and expression, which has a great influence on later generations and is regarded as the golden rule of CET-4 and CET-6 essays.
& ltbr & gt
& ltbr & gt The Complete Works of Li Shangyin consists of three volumes of Notes on Yu Xi Sheng's Poems in Qing Dynasty, eight volumes of Fan Nan Wen Ji, and twelve volumes of Fan Nan Wen Ji Supplement by Qian Zhenlun and Qian Zhenchang, with some deletions. The content is substantial, the price is low, and Li He's poems are attached at the end of the book, which is suitable for having a certain foundation in ancient China literature and loving the late Tang Dynasty.
Main work
Chanju
Leyou tomb
wind and rain
The flowers have fallen
Liangsi
Bei Qing Luo Jin se
There is no title one.
Sui Palace (1)
Untitled fourth
Untitled third
In the camp of sketch brushes
Untitled second
spring rain
Two untitled songs, the second one
Write to my wife in the north on a rainy night.
Letter to Secretary Ling Huchong
Sui Palace (II)
Jasper L.
Chang'e
A Brief Introduction to Jia's Feast Book
Yan Shu (991-1055) was born in Linchuan (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi). Young and lonely, with little talent, he can write at the age of seven. At the beginning of Jingdezhen, he was recommended by a prodigy and gave a scholar background. Secretary sheng zhengzi. He once served as a gift lang in Taichang Temple. Bachelor of Hanlin, the son of Prince Zuo Shu, was added to the list, and moved to assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites and deputy envoy of the Council. According to the facts, I learned Xuanzhou from the assistant minister of punishments and changed it to Tianfu. Later, he became an imperial consultant, changed to assistant minister of the Ministry of War, served as secretary supervisor, bachelor of senior affairs office, and bachelor of Hanlin. In the first year of Ming Dow (1032), he was transferred to Zhizheng, and Zuo Cheng was senior minister. In Li Qing, the official who sent Tong Jia was a scholar in the Hall of Jixian, and he was also an envoy of the Tang Dynasty. He died in the second year at the age of 65, at the expense of RMB. Yan Shu's "prose is full of beauty and endless applications, especially poetry, which is elegant and affectionate" (The Original Biography of Song History). His poems are good at writing poems, which mostly express the poetic life and leisure of literati. Poetry and prose are out of circulation today. Zhu Yu's Ci consists of three volumes.
6? 1 Appreciation of some poems of Yan Shu
Huanxisha
Yan Shu
A new song and a glass of wine, the weather was old last year.
When will the sunset come back? There is nothing to do. Flowers fall,
Deja vu, Yan returns. Wandering alone in the small garden, fragrant path.
Appreciation: Although this word contains the meaning of hurting spring and cherishing time, it is actually an expression of emotion. On the top of the word, the combination of ancient and modern, the superposition of time and space, focusing on thinking about the past; The following film skillfully borrows the scenery in front of us and focuses on today's sadness. The language of the whole word is fluent, popular and fluent, beautiful and natural, with profound implications, inspiring and intriguing. The profound thinking on the life of the universe in Ci gives people philosophical enlightenment and artistic aesthetic enjoyment.
Start with the sentence "a new word and a glass of wine, the weather was old last year". Write about the present situation of drinking and listening to songs. From the complex sentence patterns and light and smooth tone, we can realize that the poet started with a relaxed and happy mood and a carefree attitude when facing the present situation. However, while listening to and drinking, this situation unexpectedly triggered memories of a similar realm of "last year": it was the same weather in late spring as this year, facing the same pavilions, songs and wine as before. But under the appearance that everything seems to be static, it is obvious that something has changed irreversibly, that is, the long-lost years and a series of personnel related to them. So the poet could not help but pour out such a sigh from the bottom of his heart: "When does the sun set?" Sunset is a beautiful prospect. However, what the poet caused was nostalgia for the beautiful scenery, disappointment for the passage of time, and faint hope for the reappearance of beautiful things.
"It has nothing to do with flowers, it seems to meet Yan." "Yi Lian Gong" is skillful, fluent and implicit, which shows the poet's ingenious thinking and deep affection in using function words to form neat antithesis and vividly sing and sigh, which is also the reason why this word is famous. But what is worth pondering is the meaning of this couplet. The fading of flowers, the disappearance of spring and the passage of time are irresistible natural laws. Although it is useless to regret lingering, they all say "helpless", which is inherited as "the sun sets"; However, in this late spring weather, I feel not only helpless disappearance, but also gratifying reappearance. Isn't the returning swallow dancing like an old acquaintance who built a nest here last year? This sentence should be "when will you come back". Although Flower Falls and Yan Hui are also prospects, once they are associated with "helplessness" and "deja vu", their connotations become very extensive and have the symbolic significance of beautiful things. In the interweaving of regret and comfort, there is a certain philosophy of life: all the good things that are bound to disappear can't stop them from disappearing, but at the same time, there are still good things reappearing, and life will not become nothingness because of disappearance. It's just that this reappearance doesn't mean the reappearance of beautiful things intact, but "deja vu".
The fundamental reason why this word is popular and widely read is its thoughtful love. These words seem to inadvertently describe common phenomena, but they have philosophical significance and inspire people to think about the universe and life from a higher level. Ci involves such a profound thought that time is eternal and life is limited, but it is very implicit.
A butterfly in love with flowers
Yan Shu
The threshold chrysanthemum worries about smoke and tears, the curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away.
The bright moon doesn't know how to leave sorrow and hate bitterness, and shines obliquely through Zhuhu Lake.
Last night, the west wind withered the trees, and I went to the tall building alone to see the world.
To send colorful stationery and rulers, I don't know where the mountains are long and the waters are wide!
Appreciation: This is Yan Shu's representative work on boudoir thought. At the top of the poem, use empathy to select the scene in front of you, inject the feelings of the protagonist and point out hatred; The next film comes from hatred, and vividly shows the protagonist's eager expression through high buildings. Wang Guowei compares the three sentences of the word "West Wind Last Night" with those of Ouyang Xiu and Xin Qiji in "The Thorn on Earth", which shows the name of the word. The depth of the whole word is subtle and the breadth is profound.
The first sentence is about the scenery in the autumn garden. Chrysanthemum is covered with a faint layer of smoke and fog, which seems to be full of sadness; Orchids are stained with dew and look like they are sobbing silently. Orchids and chrysanthemums originally contain some figurative colors (such as quiet and clean personality). Here, they are personified by "worrying about smoke" and "weeping dew", moving their subjective feelings to the objective scenery, revealing the sadness of the hostess. Words such as "sorrow" and "cry" have obvious traces, which are different from the elegant language style of Dayan Dictionary, but they have their own functions in expressing feelings, rendering atmosphere, and shaping the image of the hero by borrowing foreign objects.
The second sentence is "the curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away." On the morning of the new autumn, a faint chill rippled between the curtains, and the swallows flew away through them. There is no necessary connection between these two phenomena, but in the view of the protagonist who is full of sadness and particularly sensitive to seasons and climate, the swallow seems to have flown away because he can't stand the cold. Here, it is not so much the feeling of swallows as the feeling of people in the curtain, which is not only the physical feeling of early autumn, but also the psychological feeling brought by loneliness.
Calm down. Yan's "Flying Together" shows people's loneliness. These two sentences are purely about objective objects, and the expression is subtle and subtle. The next two sentences, "The bright moon is unfamiliar and bitter, and shines obliquely through Zhuhu Lake." Looking back from this morning to last night, I know that I am "from hate" and my feelings have changed from subtle to strong. The bright moon is an ignorant natural thing. It doesn't know how to stay away from the pain of hate, but only cares about illuminating Zhu Hu. This is natural. In this case, it seems that we should not resent, but we must resent. This accusation seems unreasonable, but it effectively shows the heroine's sleepless scene on the moon and the melancholy touch brought by external things in the suffering of leaving hatred.
"Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon." After a film, I received Dawn, and then I went back to write Ascending the Mountain and Overlooking it this morning. "Independence" should be "separation from hatred", which embodies "Qi Fei". "Looking at the horizon" was born from a sleepless night with a thin pulse. "The west wind withers the green trees" is not only seen by climbing the stairs, but also contains memories of listening to the west wind falling leaves all night last night. The green trees withered overnight because of the west wind, which shows that the west wind is strong and cold. The word "withered" is spreading the strong feeling given to the protagonist by this remarkable change of nature. The scenery is bleak and people are lonely. With almost no words, the author showed it unexpectedly.
Step out of an infinitely broad realm: "Stand alone on a tall building and look at the horizon." Although there is a sense of vastness based on lofty vision, there is also a sense of emptiness, but this open and unrestrained realm gives the protagonist a spiritual satisfaction, which makes him turn from the sadness of the narrow curtain courtyard to a better vision of a broad realm, which can be realized from the word "looking to the end". Although these three sentences contain invisible sadness, they are tragic and have no delicate and decadent atmosphere; Language is also lead washing and pure line drawing. These three sentences are well known in this word.
Looking ahead, the tall building didn't think about it, so I thought of sending books in the distance: "If you want to send colorful stationery, you will know that the mountains are long and the waters are wide!" Five-color annotation, here refers to the poetic annotation of poetry; The ruler refers to letters. The two sentences converge vertically, comparing the hero's strong desire to send audio books to a distant place with the sad reality that audio books are not sent, further highlighting the sadness of "mountains and rivers are far away", and the word ends in this bleak disappointment. The correspondence between "the mountain is high and the water is long" and "looking to the horizon" once again shows a fascinating realm, and the sigh of "I don't know where to go" adds endless feelings. This is a well-known sentence in many works of graceful and restrained poets. It has both affectionate common features and broad and lofty features, which are rare in general euphemisms. It does not deviate from beautiful words, but it surpasses them in some ways.
Tasha shop
Yan Shu
The path is red and thin, and the fragrance is green. The trees on the high platform are gloomy.
The spring breeze is not lifted, and it is foggy and chaotic.
The green leaves hide the warbler, and the bead curtain separates the swallow. The incense of the stove is still spinning.
When a sad dream woke up, the setting sun shone deeply in the courtyard.
Appreciation: This word describes the scenery in late spring, the first describes the pastoral scenery, the second describes the interior of the courtyard, and finally ends with "the sunset shines into the depths of the courtyard", revealing a touch of sadness.
The first three sentences describe a typical scene of fragrant suburbs in spring dusk: on both sides of the path, flowers are sparse, and occasionally a few residual red petals can be seen; Looking around, I saw that green has spread all over the mountains; Near the high platform, the trees are lush and cool. "Red is thin", "green is everywhere" and "tree shade" indicate that spring has disappeared and the breath of late spring is very strong. Although the three sentences are a quiet scene, the words "rare", "times" and "see" show the process and dynamics of things. From the order of "path", "fragrant suburb" and "high platform", there is also a sense of deformation.
"The spring breeze did not lift the ban on Huayang, which puzzled pedestrians." Huayang wrote a typical late spring scenery. However, when describing this scene, the poet injected his own subjective feelings and wrote that the spring breeze did not know how to restrain Huayang, so that it flew all over the sky and jumped on pedestrians. On the one hand, it implies that I have no intention of staying in spring, so I just need to listen to Huayang dance and send it back to spring; On the other hand, it highlights Yang Shuhua's vigorous vitality. Although the scenery here is written in late spring, there is no decadent mood and it is full of life. "Meng Meng" and "Pu Pu" are very dynamic. The word "pedestrian" reminds me that what I wrote above was what the poet saw in the country.
I read two sentences, "The hidden warbler with green leaves, the pearl curtain separates the swallow", which are divided into outdoor and indoor, one connected to the other and connected to nature. The last sentence says that the green leaves have grown very thick, and the figure of oriole can be hidden, which corresponds to the "shade" in the above picture; Swallows are separated by bamboo curtains and are not allowed to enter the room, which leads to the following description of the indoor scene. With the words "hidden" and "separated", the beautiful scenery of fine trees in early summer and the quiet appearance during the day are vividly written.
Written in such a quiet room, the cigarettes of the incense burner curled up, intertwined with the floating hairspring, and gradually merged together, unable to tell which is the cigarette and which is the hairspring. The words "one by one" and "turn" seem to be dynamic, but in fact they tell the silence of the whole room. There is a word "static" on "11", and the realm has come out.
"When I woke up from a sad dream, the sunset shone deeply in the yard." I jumped away, and I wrote that I woke up at dusk. It turned out that the poet had a little wine at noon because he fell asleep. When he woke up, it was already dusk, and the sunset was shining in this deep Zhumen compound. It is pointed out here that "sad dreams" mean that dreams are related to spring worries. After waking up, the setting sun still shines in the deep courtyard, and it is difficult to entertain in early summer. Predecessors commented that this word has beautiful scenery, focusing on spirit rather than appearance.
6? 1 Characteristics of Yan Shu's Poetry
He is a poetess with elegant feelings. Because he is in a high position and a prime minister, he often expresses some elegant themes, so his poems are not vulgar language, but more refined brushstrokes to express some feelings of life. He is a classical tradition of "less is more", for example, he wrote a famous sentence about mountains and rivers, "Last night, the west wind adjusted the trees" and "Looking at the world alone in a tall building".
Yan Shu's ci is often an image, and he often quotes Tang poetry into his ci. For example, "Love is just like a willow in spring, which takes up a miserable time". It is difficult to write such a sentimental sentence, so he used a spring willow, which has a great influence on future generations. Everyone read Qin Guan's ci, and the rain kept falling. When he wrote this sorrow, he used rain to express it, so it was an intentional way in Tang poetry in general.
Yan Shu's life experience determines the connotation of his ci, elegant feelings, blunt and thin techniques, and also limits the poet's vision. The theme of Yan Shu's ci is relatively narrow, and he will never have the stormy waves of Dongpo's ci. He writes more about celebrations, hope extensions, birthday parties, and such entertainment works. In addition, even if he writes about landscapes, I find that he often repeats them, and he is the most. Intentionally returning to the beam, the curtain is light and cold, the swallows fly away, and the flowers are helpless. Cen seems to have met Yan and come back. Many swallows, the latter two sentences are poems themselves, so poems are not divided. From this point of view, can we also see that Yan Shu takes poetry as his word? At the same time, Yan Shu likes to write flowers, grass, plum blossoms, drizzle, ending and melancholy.
6? 1 Social background and literary situation in the early Northern Song Dynasty
Social background in the early Northern Song Dynasty
In 960, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin founded the Song Dynasty by mutiny. In the early days of the Northern Song Dynasty, the political situation was unstable and there were many separatist forces, among which it was difficult to control the adherents of the Zhou Dynasty. In addition, in the following week, there were heavily armed imperial generals and many local envoys, whose status was the same as that of Zhao Kuangyin. Therefore, since Song Taizu, the Song Dynasty has established the keynote of civil servants ruling the world, greatly weakened the rights of local and central officials, strengthened the imperial power, and maintained the rule of the Zhao family. First of all, Song Taizu took back local rights from the central government. Secondly, through a series of measures to divide the prime minister's rights, the prime minister's rights are divided into three parts, namely, the command of government affairs, the military power of Tang envoys, and the finance and economics department. In addition, the independent supervisory organization since Qin and Han Dynasties established the system of separation of four powers in the middle and early period of Northern Song Dynasty.
The Literary Situation in the Early Northern Song Dynasty
Song ci plays a very important role in the whole Song literature. In the eyes of ordinary people, it is comparable to Tang poetry and represents the highest achievement of Song literature. It is comparable, and it represents the highest achievement of Song Dynasty literature.
Ci is a literary form developed in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and it has become a great sight in the Song Dynasty. The prosperity of Song Ci is not accidental, but closely related to the special background of Song Dynasty. Ci originated from the folk and has a strong entertainment color. Because of the policy of valuing literature over martial arts in Song Dynasty, civil servants enjoyed very generous treatment. Song Taizu openly encouraged ministers to "buy more singers and dancers" when "relieving the pressure of soldiers with a glass of wine". If there are good things in the world, there will be bad things in the world, so the whole society has formed an atmosphere of striving for pleasure. Because the Song Dynasty (especially the Northern Song Dynasty) was relatively stable in society and politics. Ci, a literary form with strong entertainment color and almost no traditional political and moral load, finally found the most suitable growth environment in the Song Dynasty, so it developed at an extraordinary speed.
Pre-Northern Song Dynasty Ci: The pre-Northern Song Dynasty Ci followed the characteristics of pronouns in the Tang and Five Dynasties, with poetry as the main form, and men and women's love and sadness as the content. The elegant and graceful ci style prevailing since the late Tang and Five Dynasties was biased towards eroticism. Most of the poets in the early Northern Song Dynasty were poets, such as Wang Yucheng, Qian and Lin Bu. During this period, the creation of Song Ci has not yet entered a prosperous stage.
6? 1 Several topics about Yan Shu
1 The characteristics of Yan Shu's poems are related to the social background and literary situation in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
Although the writing styles of most poets and poets are closely related to the social background and literary situation at that time, Yan Shu is different. Yan Shu's talent was discovered at a very young age and was regarded as a "child prodigy" by adults. Later, he seemed to look down at the real world with a detached eye. Therefore, his style of writing does not depend on the social background and literary situation at that time.
Why were his poems not accepted by most people at that time?
Yan Shu's poems are harmonious and calm, which accords with the artistic characteristics of poetry at that time, but his poems are not accepted by most people. Judging from the cultural level of the society at that time, there were not many literate people, and even fewer people could appreciate poetry, so it didn't decide anything. Whether it can be accepted by most people cannot be used as a criterion for evaluating poetry.
3 The relationship between Yan Shu's rich and distinguished life experience and his poetic style.
Because of Yan Shu's outstanding talent, he has successfully achieved high status and wealth, but I often feel his sadness and helplessness in his poems. In fact, Yan Shu is a keen poet, so although his life experience is great, the "impermanence" sadness revealed in his poems is as real and profound as other poets who fail to meet the standards. In his sadness, you can feel a broad-minded hug.
One of Yan Shu's works is not quite in line with her style.
Shantingliu
I live in Xiqin, and I bring my gambling skills. On the willow, the bucket tip is new.
I occasionally learn the tone of Niannujiao, and sometimes I hold back the clouds. Shu brocade is wrapped in countless heads and does not suffer.
Over the years, on Yuxian Road, all you earned was some leftovers from cold meals. Who do you trust when you are in your heart?
Don't hesitate to sing Yangchun if you have a bosom friend. When I finished singing this song, I shed tears in public. Once again, I covered my face with tears and cried.
The style of Yan Shu's poetry has always been calm and harmonious, but this word is full of passion and sorrow. When Yan Shu encounters setbacks, she often shows her rigid personality and is extremely excited. Later, I will feel that the emotional agitation expressed in this poem is not only an exception, but also a necessity. This unique work not only did not shake the foundation of Yan Shu's rational poet, but also provided strong proof.
6? 1 Yan Shu's contribution and achievement and its evaluation.
Yan Shu has made many achievements and contributions in literature. He can write poems and good words. The article is beautiful, and calligraphy is all works. Author of 240 volumes of anthology. (See Gong Yan Tombstone by Ouyang Xiu) But most of this system has been lost. Up to now, only one volume (about 130), more than 100 poems and more than a dozen articles have been circulated. His poems, whether elegant and sentimental or lyrical, often contain profound meaning, sometimes philosophy and artistic conception are profound and broad. For example, Chunyang, Qixi, Mid-Autumn Festival, moral, collating and displaying temples, mourning for Su brothers, etc. All of them are excellent, among which "the pear flower courtyard dissolves the moon, and the catkin pond has a faint wind"; "butterflies in the wind are idle and spend Leng Xiang"; "It is not necessarily that Su E has no complaints, and the jade toad is cold and lonely." "Qiu Jiang is constantly right, and the world is sad"; "In nine days, the grass will be green, and everyone will cry for youth with wine" is a good word. However, his outstanding contribution is still between the lines.
In the early Song Dynasty, ci was not popular, there were few writers, and the ci world was still very lonely. Since the rise of Yan Shu, she likes to write fine print, which has a great influence. Ouyang Xiu, Yan (son of Shu) and other important poets at that time were deeply influenced by it. His ci inherited the legacy of the Southern Tang Dynasty and Huajian, and created the style of graceful ci in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the history of the development of Ci, he made great contributions to the Ci in Song Dynasty. Therefore, he was once called the "founder" of poets in the early Northern Song Dynasty. As far as ideological content is concerned, due to the limitation of aristocratic life, there are many words of praise and appreciation, which lack profound social significance; Small words that are good at expressing emotions on the spot are also based on traditional themes such as parting feelings, drinking and singing. Some of them combine their own feelings, not all of them are "moaning without illness". But the higher achievement is still in artistry. Quite a few works are romantic, gentle and clean, elegant and peaceful, implicit and euphemistic, full of charm and artistic conception. At the same time, the language is beautiful and the tone is harmonious. He abandoned the beauty of flowers and absorbed the beauty of spring, thus forming his own characteristics. For example, the well-known "Walking on the Sand": "The path is red and thin, with fragrant suburbs and high shade. The spring breeze is not lifted, and it is foggy and chaotic. The green leaves hide the warbler, the bamboo curtain separates the swallow, and the incense of the stove turns quietly. When I woke up from a sad dream, the sunset shone deeply in the courtyard. " Can represent its general style. His works such as Mountain Pavilion Willow, Butterfly Lovers, Bodhisattva Man and Huanxisha are all well-known works. Among them, "the mountains and rivers are far away, and the falling flowers and storms hurt spring more"; "I can't help but spend it, and I feel that Yan's return is deja vu"; "Under the leaves of sorghum in Qiu Guang at night, treasures turn into gold"; "Spring in the West last night" is a well-known proverb, some of which are often quoted by people today. This established the value and position of Yan Shu's Ci in Song Dynasty.
Yan Shu was deeply respected by people at that time because of his high literary and political expectations. Fan Zhongyan has a brilliant career and similar status, but he respects Yan Shu with teacher's courtesy all his life, and his title is like a door, so he must be called a "protege"; After visiting in his later years, he still gave him a pious poem: "I went to Huang Fei to accompany the country, but I came to be a teacher." (See Record of Fan Wenzheng's Words and Actions) Song Yu and Song Qi came out later. In the name of the text, "Although brothers are very expensive, they must copy and send them to the public for the text, begging for Zhou Run." (Yu Yin Cong Hua is quoted from Xi Qing Shi Hua) "The beautiful sentence of the public, Song Yu (that is, Song Yu) all talks about Zhai Bi." Han went to see the prince, who was over sixty years old. He still calls himself an "old servant" of Yan Shu's youngest son, Yan Daoji. When everyone saw this scene, people spoke highly of Yan Shu.