As an outstanding politician, Cao Cao knows that people are the foundation of starting a business, "those who get it prosper, those who lose it die", and those who get talent win the world, so he always puts talent construction in the first place and tries his best to attract heroes all over the world. At the beginning of the uprising, he and clan children formed the core force; Then, he repeatedly issued "the order of seeking sages" and "confided in the sages of the world". Xun You, Cheng Yu, Guo Jia, etc. Abandon Yuan Shao and join him. Cao Cao regards him as a bosom friend, entrusts him with an important task, keeps his word and believes it. Cao Cao is thirsty for sages and addicted to love. Every time he gets a hero, he is overjoyed. He gets a treasure. Seeing that there were no friends in Dian Wei, he praised: "This ancient Hubei is also!" He called posthumous title and Xu Zhu a "tiger idiot" and said, "Zi Zhen Fan is delicious!" Later, Jia Xu, the counselor, happily called him "True Ovary and Chen Ping!" His heart is full of love, which cannot be expressed in words. He heard that Yuan Shao's counselor Xu You defected in the middle of the night, so he tiptoed out to pay his respects and accepted the plan of "burning the nest". He even made wise men serve him by hook or by crook. When he learned that Xu Shu was Liu Bei's strategist, he sighed, "It's a pity that the wise man is Liu Bei's man!" Taking Xu's mother as hostage, he got Xu Shu; He recruited Sima Yi many times, but failed to leave. Even sent an assassin to threaten to assassinate him, so Sima Yi had to be an official. Cao Cao also likes enemy heroes very much and will want to use them for himself. When he saw that Huang Xu, the Ministry of Yang Feng, was the main commander, and he didn't want to fight with his strength, he sent someone to surrender him. In the fierce battle in Changbanpo, when he saw Zhao Yun alone, it was like a no-man's land among thousands of enemies, killing more than 50 generals. Instead of hating him, he praised "the real tiger general!" Ordered not to stab you in the back, as long as you take him alive. As for Guan Yu, I admire his loyalty and love his SHEN WOO. Move with emotion and knot with kindness; Elegant, diligent and painstaking, but failed to influence Guan Yu. When he learned that Guan Yu had sealed the golden seal and traveled thousands of miles to find his brother, and that it was difficult to stop him from staying, he gave him a golden robe and saw him off in person. Guan Yu was blocked all the way, but Cao Cao was not annoyed, but rummaged through the official documents and ordered the customs to release him. Regarding Cao Cao's righteous act, Pei Songzhi commented: "Cao Gong knows that his feathers are not left behind, but his heart cherishes his ambition. If he doesn't pursue it, he will become just. Since he is not Wang Ba, how can this happen? " Shi Gong's Hugh Beauty. "
(2) About Liu Bei
Liu Bei's visit to Zhuge Liang, who lives in seclusion in Wolong, is an extremely wonderful passage in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the best portrayal of Liu Bei's thirst for talent. Liu Bei's three visits to the thatched cottage can be described as sincere, resolute and practical. For the first time, Liu Bei went to Longzhong with gifts, Guan and Zhang Qi, without success. The second time, despite Zhang Fei's advice, I rushed to Longzhong in spite of the wind and rain, and as a result, people went to the building. Although he missed the air twice, Liu Bei not only didn't complain, but became more determined. Just as he was preparing to go to middle school for the third time, Guan Yu said to him, are you a little too much? However, Liu Bei thinks that during the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong went back and forth five times to see a young minister, not to mention we went to see a talented person. Zhang Fei was also told not to be rude when he arrived in Longzhong. This time, Zhuge Liang was at home, but only slept in the thatched cottage. Liu Bei told Guan and Zhang to wait at the door, while he stood respectfully at the door of the thatched cottage for several hours. Thanks to Liu Bei's unremitting efforts, he touched Zhuge Liang with his true feelings and sincerity, which made his long-cherished wish of seeking talent and thirst come true. The greatest advantage of Liu Bei's invitation to Zhuge Liang is, of course, that he has talents who can help the world and govern the country, and other aspects have also benefited a lot. One of the most important points is that Liu Bei made the best expression to all classes and even the society with practical actions, won the admiration of people of insight and heroes from all directions, greatly boosted the reputation of Corporal Li Xian, and brought immeasurable benefits to entrepreneurship. Visiting the thatched cottage three times is a successful move of Liu Beicheng's climate.
Second, the difference between Cao and Liu.
(1) Cao Cao
Cao Cao's treacherous character is closely related to his extremely egoistic world outlook and outlook on life. Cao Cao has a famous saying: "I would rather teach me to be negative to the world than to teach the world to be negative to me." This is his philosophy of life, the core of his evil virtue, and the root of all his evil deeds, gradually forming a "treacherous, treacherous, insidious and cruel" side of his character. In the fourth novel, the plot of Cao Cao killing the Lv Boshe family is the most concentrated embodiment of his philosophy of life. Cao Caomou stabbed Dong Zhuo, and when chased, he fled to the home of Uncle Lu's club. Lv Boshe risked hiding fugitives and punishing the three clans, shouldering the system of consanguinity, killing pigs and selling wine to entertain guests, while Cao Cao only heard the words of "sharpening his sword" and "tying him to death", being suspicious and killing the whole family; Especially after knowing the manslaughter, for their own safety, they killed Lv Boshe who had deep feelings for him. Its ferocity and injustice, so much so that Si! Every time I read this, it is outrageous and hateful.
(2) Liu Bei
Liu Biao was very kind to Liu Bei when he defected to him. Liu Biao died, leaving him alone and saying, "My son has no talent, so I'm afraid he can't follow in his father's footsteps. After I die, my brother can command Jingzhou alone. " Liu Bei wept and worshipped, saying, "You should try your best to help your nephew. Do you dare to have your own opinion? " After Liu Biao's death, Yi Ji persuaded him to take Liu Cong alive in the name of hanging the watch to seize Jingzhou, and Zhuge Liang also strongly encouraged him. Liu Bei said with tears: "My brother left me alone when he died. Now I have taken his son and taken his land. I died in Jiuquan the next day. How can I see my brother again? " Liu Bei did not take advantage of others' danger, so he was loyal to others. Therefore, after Ada surrendered, many soldiers and civilians in Jingzhou joined Liu Bei's team. When he led a great army and retreated to Fancheng with tens of thousands of people, even in the crisis situation where Cao Bing was coming, he was unwilling to abandon the people, which fully showed his kind and loving character and disposition. In the process of being invited to Shu, Liu Bei turned down the opportunity of Zhang Lu's stationing in Jia Yin, forbidding non-commissioned officers, and giving wide favors. Later, when he marched into Chengdu, he set up a death-free flag and said to all the soldiers: "Ruchuan people have parents and wives, and they are willing to exile those who surrender, but they are unwilling to put them back." After he took Shu, he also applied benevolent policies widely, making the East and West Sichuan, the people safe and the country rich, and the Tianhe Dacheng. It is precisely because he can win the trust of the people with benevolence that the people's hearts return to him. For example, in the second episode of the novel, in Anxi County, "If you don't commit Qiu Min, everyone will suffer." For the thirtieth time, he ruled a new field. "The military and civilians are happy, and the government is harmonious." The people praised him: "Xinyemu, Liu Huangshu, since I came here, the people have become rich."
Third, the essential difference between Cao Cao and Liu Bei in employing people.
(A) Cao Cao knows that people are good and meritocratic.
Cao Cao is worthy of being a "lean man". After years of fierce battlefield battles, he knows the importance of talents. "The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, and the Duke of Zhou vomits and eats it, and the world returns to the heart." These words fully expressed his great tolerance of attracting talents from all over the world. In order to recruit talents, he issued several orders for seeking talents. He listed many famous figures in history in the order of seeking virtue. Among them, Yi Yin, a slave, was accused by criminals. Xiao He and Cao Can both worked as small officials, and later became famous figures who opposed the criteria of birth, family background and family status. Those with bad reputations, such as Wuqi, who killed his wife for honor, and Han Xin, who was humiliated in his legs, later became famous soldiers, all of which were used to deny the truth of serving others with good deeds. Some rulers have personal vendettas, such as Guan Zhong and Qi Huan. Guan Zhong's defeat and imprisonment, and Huan Gong's love for him, show that Ren Xian does not avoid revenge. He made it clear that "talent is the only way, and I can use it." Cao Cao kept his word, and he boldly used Guo Jia, who was negative in vulgarity, and Du Ji, who was simple and proud, to make him "immortal". For those who surrendered, he let bygones be bygones, gave full play to their abilities, and even entrusted them with heavy responsibilities. For example, Chen Lin, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", once drafted Calling Cao Cao for Yuan Shao, gnashing his teeth at Cao Cao. After returning to Cao Cao's side, he was appointed as the air force ambassador to offer a drink. Zhang Liao and Huang Xu were prisoners of war, but they were not discriminated against after they entered Cao Cao's camp. On the contrary, he was greatly favored for his meritorious military service. To this end, historians have commented: "It is difficult to dazzle people's hearts. Pulling out from the forbidden, entering the business from pleasure, from Zhang Liao and Huang Xu to national subjugation, all made contributions with their lives and were listed as famous names. The rest were cleverly pulled out and boarded the shepherd's throne, and the list is endless. "
(2) Liu Bei: "Only virtue can convince people."
1, selection is not about quality, but Liu Bei does not focus on quality, but on essence, which requires previous people to have excellent ability in some aspects and be able to be independent and sweep the army. Kong Ming and the "Five Tiger Generals" were both rare talents at that time. When selecting talents, we can pay tribute to the virtuous corporal, invite him out of the mountain with "three visits to the thatched cottage" and lay the foundation for the country with "long-China confrontation", which has become a beautiful talk about respecting talents and should also be the focus of our enterprise recruitment. He can also drop talents in an eclectic way, without racial and geographical discrimination. At that time, Xiliang did not belong to the Central Plains, but after taking Ma Chao in, it was entrusted with a heavy responsibility and was named the "Five Tigers General Army". Through a series of human capital combinations, Liu Bei set up his own entrepreneurial team. Began to attack the city and plunder the land, and created Shu, which was independent of the western regions.
2, the suspect does not need, and the employer does not doubt.
Liu Bei is full of trust in a group of civil and military officials, unlike Cao Cao, who is suspicious and defensive everywhere. Full authorization is also a success of Liu Bei's employment. Visiting the thatched cottage and inviting Kong Ming out of the mountain, Liu Bei gave him all the important events in the army with little intervention, which gave the best executive at that time the opportunity to display his talents incisively and vividly. After taking the oath of three vows in Taoyuan, although Liu Bei got two generals, his personal strength was still very weak, so he went to Gongsun Zan, Yuan Shu, Lu Bu, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and other warlords, but they were betrayed and hunted down one after another, running around like lost dogs. This taught him a lesson and realized that rapid and sustainable development could not be achieved without an expert who can make a good plan. So he set up the post of Cheng Xiang, distributed hero posts, recruited talents everywhere, and finally locked Zhuge Liang. This is also the embodiment of his ability to select people by post. Liu Bei can also learn from each other. Zhao and Zhuge Liang are people with very distinct personalities, who can attack and defend. Liu Bei emphasized balance, non-overlapping positions and clear responsibilities, which enabled his team to achieve the perfect combination of human capital and form its core competitiveness. It is also Liu Bei's genius to dare to use people who are better than himself. Cao Cao also loves talents, but at the same time he also avoids talents. Yang Xiu died because talents were not restrained and he did not meet an enlightened monarch. Liu Bei is loyal and can be faithful from beginning to end. From the beginning of the business to the establishment of hegemony, from running around to building Chengdu as the capital, they all showed goodwill to their subordinates. Unlike some ancient emperors, they could suffer, but they could not share weal and woe, or they were afraid of high reputation. What's more, they ended up as "a wily rabbit dies and a running dog cooks". Liu Bei regarded Zhuge Liang as a fish all his life and made great achievements.
3, policies to retain people, feelings to retain people.
Liu Bei is best at making emotional investment to win people's hearts and make his backbone strong and unbreakable. In the fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao attacked Yuan Shao and captured Guan Yu. Cao Cao longed to raise Guan Yu for a long time, and treated him with courtesy and care, making him a partial general and rewarding him with a red BMW. But Guan Yu "was in Cao Cao's camp and his heart was in Han Dynasty", and finally abandoned Cao Liu Ben. Cao Cao tried to dig Guan Yu and quit without success. "Three Visits to the Cottage" and "Bai Di Tuogu" made Kong Ming vomit his heart and bleed to death; When Yang Changbanpo was on the slope, Liu Bei was chased by Cao Cao's army and abandoned his wife and children to escape. Zhaoyun went back and forth to Cao Jun and finally rescued Liu Adou. Liu Bei conveniently threw Dou to the ground and said, "I lost a general for your obedient son, and I am very sad." Who is not moved by this situation?
summary
In a word, Cao Cao in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a typical image of a treacherous man shaped by art typification. He is a typical image of a very complicated and multifaceted adulterer. He is treacherous, selfish, cruel and suspicious, and has a broad vision, excellent strategy and good talent for employing people. He thinks that treacherous people are the main aspect of his personality. In Cao Cao, almost all the characteristics of feudal rulers are concentrated: winning the hearts of the people, being jealous of talents, being headstrong and resourceful; Mean and tyrannical, generous and smart, smart and stupid; There is always hypocrisy in honesty and a little meanness in generosity. But it is precisely because of these that Cao Cao's image has an extremely distinctive and irreplaceable artistic independence, forming his vivid and complex character combination tone: treacherous and capable, difficult to distinguish between true and false, broad and fierce! Both sides of gender have their own characteristics, which makes us attracted by Cao Cao's complex and vague human characteristics. Liu Bei, first of all, is a generous elder and a ruler deeply loved by the people. Therefore, he also showed his king's tolerance in employing people, that is, he is eager for talents and knows people well. Secondly, Liu Bei's reason for doing this and being able to do it is mainly the truth he got from practice and the enlightenment he got from lessons, in addition to his regal bearing. The core of Liu Bei's way of employing people is cronyism, pursuing authentic clique and being loyal regardless of everything; Cao Cao, on the other hand, is a schemer, which has harmed many talents and made him have nothing to hide. Cao Cao is authoritarian and Liu Bei is exclusive. The two of them represent the typical patterns of two different kings in ancient China. The limitations of Liu Bei's loyalty spirit are as follows: he has a strong family tendency. This influence is still lingering today.