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Lin Shu studied hard and became a great writer

Lin Shu (shu) is a famous writer and translator in modern my country. Home. He is a native of Fuzhou and was elected in the late Qing Dynasty. Lin Shu's family was very poor when he was a child, but he loved books. If he couldn't afford to buy books, he had to borrow them from others, copy them himself, and return them at the agreed time. He once drew a coffin on the wall, with the words "Study to survive, not to die in the coffin" written next to it. He used these eight words as a motto to encourage and spur himself. The meaning of this famous saying is that he must study while he is alive. If he does not study, he might as well die. He often wakes up at midnight to excerpt and read hard. Every night, he sat in front of the clear oil lamp where his mother used to do needlework, holding a book and studying diligently. He would not fall asleep until he had finished reading a volume. Due to his poor family and the exhaustion of studying, he suffered from lung disease when he was 18 years old. He often coughed up blood for ten consecutive years, but he continued to study hard while lying in bed. By the age of 22, he had read more than 2,000 volumes of ancient books, and by the age of 30, he had read more than 10,000 volumes. He once said: "Although hard work and study are hard work, it is like getting up early in the fourth watch and walking forward in the dark night, and the farther you go, the brighter you will be; having fun is fun, but it is like going out in the evening. If you walk at dusk, you will get brighter and brighter." The darker." He didn't understand foreign languages, but because of his profound literary skills, he actually adopted a method of translating books that was rarely seen in the world: he wrote orally translated books from English, American and French to more than ten people who knew foreign languages. More than 1,700 famous works from more than a dozen countries including China, Russia, and Japan have been translated into Chinese, setting a precedent for China’s translation of foreign literary works and having a great influence. "La Traviata" by French author Alexandre Dumas was the first foreign novel he co-translated with others. Kang Youwei ranked Lin Shu and Yan Fu as the most outstanding translators at that time, and praised them as "Yan Lin is the most talented translator in the world." The story of Chairman Mao’s reading: Chairman Mao has been very busy for decades, but he always finds time, even every second, to read and study. His former residence in Zhongnanhai is simply filled with books. There are books everywhere on the bookshelves in the bedroom, on the office desk, dining table, and coffee table. Except for the place where one person is lying on the bed, all of them are occupied by books. In order to study, Chairman Mao used all available time. During the few minutes of physical activity before swimming, I sometimes read a few poems by famous people. After swimming up, I didn't bother to rest, so I picked up the book again. He never wastes even a few minutes on the toilet. A reprint of "Selected Works of Zhaoming" by Chunxi of the Song Dynasty and some other books and periodicals were made by using this time to read a little bit today and a little bit tomorrow, intermittently. When Chairman Mao went out to hold meetings or inspect work, he often wrote in the box. He ignored the vibrations and bumps of the train on the way. He always held a magnifying glass in one hand and pressed the page of the book with the other, reading without stopping. When I go abroad, just like in Beijing, there are books placed on the bed, on the office desk, on the coffee table, and on the dining table, and I read them whenever I have free time. Although Chairman Mao was seriously ill in his later years, he still continued to read. He re-read a set of hardcover "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" that was brought to Beijing from Yan'an and published before liberation, as well as many other books and periodicals. Once, Chairman Mao's fever reached over 39 degrees, and the doctor did not allow him to read. He said sadly, I have loved reading all my life, but now you don't let me read, and you tell me to lie here and eat and sleep all day long. You know how uncomfortable I am! The staff had no choice but to take the books away again. Putting it next to him, he smiled happily. Lenin’s reading story: When he started reading, he lost sight of everything around him. Once, several of his sisters played a prank and built an unstable triangular tower behind him with 6 chairs. As long as Lenin moved, the tower would topple. However, Lenin, who was concentrating on reading, did not notice it and did not move at all. It wasn't until half an hour later, when he finished reading a chapter of the book he was scheduled to read, that he looked up and the wooden tower collapsed... This story illustrates that in order to read a book thoroughly and remember it well, you must be highly concentrated. The ancients have long said: "There are three ways to read: the heart, the eyes, and the mouth. If the heart is not here, the eyes will not be careful. The mind is not focused, but it can only read rambles, and it will never be memorized, nor can it be memorized for a long time." Among the three arrivals, the heart is the most anxious. Once the heart has arrived, what will happen to the eyes and mouth? "Qian Zhongshu's reading story. Qian Zhongshu, also known as Huai Ju, used the pseudonym Zhongshu Jun. A native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. Scholar, writer, poet. Born into a scholarly family. He was named "Zhongshu" after he caught "Zhou" at the age of one and caught the book. After his uncle passed away, he initiated him into studying. When he was seven or eight years old, he could already devoured "serious" and "irregular" novels collected at home or rented from bookstalls. When I was 14 years old, I read a large number of popular literary magazines such as "Novel World", "Red Rose", "Violet", etc., and browsed them arbitrarily. After being admitted to the Department of Western Literature at Tsinghua University, he enjoyed reading Chinese and Western books. I never take notes during class, but I often read books unrelated to the course while listening. Later he studied in England and France. After returning to China, he successively served as professor at Tsinghua University, Southwest Associated University, Lantian National Normal College and other universities. In the early 1950s, he served as a researcher at the Institute of Classical Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He was indifferent throughout his life and only loved books. He was called a "bookworm". "As long as there are books to read, there is nothing else to do" (Yang Jiang's "Recording Qian Zhongshu and "The Besieged City"). And reading is entirely out of preference, "like a greedy person who eats delicious food: his food intestines are huge, he doesn't choose the fine and coarse, and he eats both sweet and salty things." He especially likes to read "extremely vulgar books", and he eats sophisticated and profound philosophy, aesthetics, literary theory and other high-level sermons "like a child eating snacks, slowly finishing the thick books." Also likes to read poetry.

As for heavy reference books such as dictionaries, dictionaries, and encyclopedias, he "not only read them carefully one by one, letter by letter, but also took the trouble to add new entries to the old books when he saw the new edition." Reading also doubles as taking notes. His passion for reading and writing can be seen from his self-titled poems: "The scholar is obsessed with reading, and the swarms of bees are not out, but the poetry is lingering around the tree, and the magpie can't find peace." He is the author of "Guan Zui Bian", "Tan Yi Lu" and "Besieged City". Among them, the first two academic works alone cite more than 4,000 books. "Besieged City" attracted people who read for a while. After the first edition in the 1940s, there was a saying that "if you don't talk about "Besieged City" in conversation, reading poetry and books is in vain." He is also the author of a collection of novels "Man·Beast·Ghost", a collection of essays "Written on the Edge of Life", and an academic work "Collection of Qizu", etc. Hua Luogeng guesses books. The famous mathematician Hua Luogeng has a unique way of reading. When he got a book, he didn't open it and read it from cover to cover. Instead, he thought about the book for a while, then closed his eyes and meditated. He guessed the layout of the book, and then opened the book after deliberation. If the author's ideas were consistent with his guess, he stopped reading. Hua Luogeng's guessing method not only saves reading time, but also cultivates his thinking and imagination, so that he will not become a slave of books. Hou Baolin copied books. Hou Baolin, the master of cross talk language, only went to elementary school for three years. Because of his diligence and studious, his artistic level reached the level of proficiency and he became a famous language expert. Once, in order to buy a Ming Dynasty joke book "Jian Lang" that he wanted to buy, he visited all the used bookstalls in Beijing but failed. Later, he learned that the Beijing Library had this book and decided to copy it back. It was winter, and he braved the strong wind and heavy snow and ran to the library for eighteen days to copy books. Finally, he copied a book with more than 100,000 words. Zhang Guanghou eats books Mathematician Zhang Guanghou once saw a paper on loss value and thought it was useful for his research work, so he read it over and over again. This paper lasted more than 20 pages, and he read it over and over again for more than half a year. Because of repeated flipping, an obvious black mark was left on the white pages. His wife joked to him that this was not studying, it was just eating books. Gorky saves books. Gorky, the world's literary giant, has a deep affection for books and loves books as much as his life. Once, there was a fire in his room. The first thing he picked up were books, and he didn't consider anything else. He was almost burned to death trying to save the books. He said: "On the one hand, books enlighten my wisdom and soul, and on the other hand, they help me stand up in a muddy pond. If it were not for books, I would sink in this muddy pond, and I would be drowned by stupidity and obscenity."

Huang Kan mistakenly regarded ink as a side dish: In 1915, the famous scholar Huang Kan gave a lecture on Chinese studies at Peking University. He lived in the Datong Apartment in Baimiao Hutong, Beijing, and devoted himself to the study of "Chinese Studies" all day long. Sometimes he would not go out to eat. He prepared steamed buns, chili, soy sauce and other condiments and placed them on his desk. When he was hungry, he would nibble on the steamed buns and read while eating. I stopped eating, and when I saw the wonderful thing, I shouted: "It's wonderful!" Once, I was fascinated by reading, and I actually put the steamed bun into the ink stone and the cinnabar box. When a friend comes to visit, he laughs loudly, but he doesn’t know why he is laughing at him.

6. Cao Yu was really studying and pretending to take a bath: During the Anti-Japanese War, Cao Yu taught full-time at the National Drama Theater in Jiang'an, Sichuan. One summer, Cao Yu's family prepared a bathtub and hot water and asked him to take a bath. At this time, Cao Yu was reading a book and couldn't put it down. He pushed it again and again. Finally, under repeated urging from his family, he took a towel in one hand and another Take the book and walk into the inner room. An hour passed, but no one came out. The sound of water could be heard from time to time in the room. Another hour passed, and the situation remained the same. Cao Yu's family members suddenly became confused. When they opened the door and took a look, they found that Cao Yu was sitting in the bathtub, reading a book in one hand and patting the water intentionally or unintentionally with a towel in the other hand.

7. Zhang Yao worshiped his wife as his teacher: During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a military attaché named Zhang Yao. Because of his meritorious service in hard battles, he was promoted to the post of Chief Envoy of Henan. He had lost school since he was a child and was uneducated. He was often discriminated against by courtiers. The imperial envoy Liu Yunan said that he was "illiterate", so he was appointed as the chief soldier. From then on, Zhang Yao determined to study hard so that he could be good at literature and martial arts. Zhang Yao thought that his wife was very educated, so he returned home and asked his wife to teach him how to read. The wife said: It is okay to want to teach, but there is one condition, that is, you must worship the teacher and learn respectfully. Zhang Yao fully agreed, immediately put on his court clothes, asked his wife to sit in front of Confucius' memorial tablet, and bowed to her three times and kowtowed nine times. From then on, his wife taught him how to read classics and history in his spare time. Whenever his wife acted like a teacher, he would bow down and listen to the instructions without daring to be disrespectful. At the same time, he also asked someone to carve an "illiterate" seal and often wore it on his body as a warning. A few years later, Zhang Yao finally became a very knowledgeable person. Later, when he was the governor of Shandong, someone again said that he was "illiterate." He wrote to the emperor for an interview. The interview results surprised the emperor and many ministers. When Zhang Yao took office in Shandong, he built river embankments, repaired roads, opened factories, refined manufacturing, and did many things that benefited the country and the people. Because he was diligent and studious, the emperor posthumously named him "Qinguo" after his death.

8. Fan Zhongyan’s reading story: Fan Zhongyan’s father died when he was two years old. My mother was very poor and had no support. So he remarried to the Zhu family in Changshan. When he grew up, he learned about his life, bid farewell to his mother with tears in his eyes, and left to study at Nandu Academy in Yingtian Mansion. He studied hard during the day and late at night. In five years, I never took off my clothes and went to bed. Sometimes I feel drowsy at night and often pour water on my face.

He often studied hard during the day and ate nothing until the sun turned west. In this way, he understood the main purpose of the Six Classics, and later set up his ambition to benefit the world. He often preached to himself: "Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness." 9. Li Mi's horn hanging book: Sui Dynasty Li Mi was sent as a guard in the court of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty when he was young. He was flexible by nature. When he was on duty, he looked around and was discovered by Emperor Sui Yang. He thought that the child was not honest, so he was exempted from his duties. Li Mi was not depressed. After returning home, he studied hard and decided to become a learned person. One time, Li Mi rode an ox and went out to see friends. On the way, he hung the "Book of Han" on the horns of an ox and took the time to read. This incident became a legend. 10. Chen Ping endured humiliation and studied hard: Chen Ping, a famous prime minister in the Western Han Dynasty, was poor when he was young, and he and his brother depended on each other. In order to uphold his father's destiny and shine in the family, he did not engage in production and studied behind closed doors. However, his sister-in-law did not tolerate him. In order to eliminate the conflict between brother and sister-in-law, Faced with repeated humiliation, he kept silent. As his sister-in-law became more and more aggressive, he finally couldn't bear it anymore and ran away from home. He wanted to wander around the world. After being chased back by his brother, he ignored the past grudges and prevented his brother from divorcing his sister-in-law. This became a good talk in the local area. Finally, there was an old man who came here because of his reputation and accepted apprenticeships for free. After completing his studies, he assisted Liu Bang and achieved great success. 11. Lu Yu abandoned Buddhism and followed literature: Lu Yu, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, was an orphan since he was a child and was raised by Zen Master Zhiji. Although Lu Yu was in the temple, he did not want to chant sutras and chant Buddha's name all day long. Instead, he liked to read poems and books. Lu Yu insisted on going down the mountain to study, but was opposed by the Zen master. In order to pose a problem to Lu Yu and educate him better, the Zen master asked him to learn how to make tea. In the process of studying tea art, Lu Yu met a kind-hearted old woman and not only learned the complicated tea-making skills, but also learned many principles of reading and life. When Lu Yu finally brought a cup of steaming Kuding tea to the Zen master, the Zen master finally agreed to his request to go down the mountain to study. Later, Lu Yu wrote the widely circulated "Tea Classic" and carried forward the tea culture of the motherland! 12. Wan Sitong studied hard behind closed doors: Wan Sitong, a famous scholar and historian in the early Qing Dynasty, participated in the compilation of the "Twenty-Four Histories", an important history book of our country. But Wan Sitong was also a naughty child when he was young. Wan Sitong lost face in front of the guests because of his playfulness, and was criticized by the guests. In anger, Wan Sitong overturned the tables of the guests and was locked in the study room by his father. Wan Sitong went from being angry and hating reading to shutting himself up and thinking about his mistakes. He was inspired by the "Tea" and began to study hard. More than a year later, Wan Sitong read many books in the bookstore. His father forgave his son, and Wan Sitong also understood his father's good intentions. After a long period of diligent study, Wan Sitong finally became a famous scholar who was familiar with history and read many books. He also participated in the compilation of "History of Ming Dynasty" in "Twenty-Four Histories". 13. Qu Yuan studied hard in the cave: When he was a child, Qu Yuan ignored the objections of his elders and hid in a cave to secretly read the Book of Songs no matter it was windy, rainy or freezing. After three full years, he read 305 chapters of the Book of Songs, absorbed rich nutrition from these folk songs, and finally became a great poet. 14. Sima Guang’s police pillow inspirational: Sima Guang is a child who loves to play and sleep. For this reason, he was often punished by his teacher and ridiculed by his peers. Under his teacher’s earnest teachings, he was determined to get rid of his bad habit of sleeping. In order to After getting up early, he drank a full stomach of water before going to bed. As a result, he did not wake up in the morning, but wet the bed. So the clever Sima Guang made a warning pillow out of garden wood. When he turned over in the morning, his head slipped on the bed board. He woke up naturally, and from then on he got up early every day to study. With perseverance, he finally became a learned and great writer who wrote "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". 15. Lu You, Shuchao and Diligence: Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, has been diligent, sensitive and eager to learn since he was a child. In his house, there are books on the table, books in the cabinets, and books piled on the bed, which is called a book nest. He was diligent in creation and left more than 9,000 poems in his life, becoming an outstanding writer in the history of our country. 16. Gu Yanwu read more than ten thousand books: Gu Yanwu, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, had a very unfortunate childhood. Smallpox almost took his life. Although he was frail and sick, under the guidance and encouragement of his mother, Gu Yanwu studied diligently and copied the "Zizhi Tongjian" by hand with extraordinary perseverance, and finally became a great scholar. 17. Ouyang Xiu borrowed classics: Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was extremely talented since he was a child. However, his father died when he was four years old. Due to a poor family and no money to buy paper or pens, Ouyang Xiu's mother, Zheng, came up with an ingenious way to teach her son Ouyang Xiu how to write by using Ogi grass instead of a brush to teach him how to write. He also taught him to recite many passages from ancient times. When he got older and there were no books to read at home, he would go to nearby scholars' homes to borrow books and read them, and sometimes copy them. Just like this, day and night, forgetting to eat and sleep, just devoted to reading. Ouyang Xiu worked hard, developed good calligraphy, and became a well-known child prodigy. This hard-working spirit also influenced his little friend Li Yaofu, leading Li Yaofu to the path of learning. 18. Pu Songling’s Cao Pavilion Road Question: The Qing Dynasty writer Pu Songling built a thatched pavilion on the roadside to record the stories told by passers-by. After decades of hard collection and his own creation, which he forgot to eat and sleep, he finally completed it. "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" is an epoch-making and brilliant masterpiece in the history of ancient Chinese literature. 19. Jia Kui studied secretly across the fence: Jia Kui, courtesy name Jingbo, was born in AD 30. He was a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty and a famous Confucian scholar and astronomer. He is the ninth grandson of Jia Yi, a famous figure in the Western Han Dynasty. His father, Jia Hui, was also a scholar.

Jia Kui was deeply influenced by his family and was very smart since he was a child. In order to be able to study, Jia Kui eavesdropped on the teacher's lectures through the bamboo fence when he was a child. 20. Meng Ke changed his mind from diligent study: Mencius was a famous thinker and politician during the Warring States Period. However, Mencius was not a naturally knowledgeable person. When he was young, he was very playful and did not like reading. Later, in order to educate him, Meng's mother moved three times and cut pieces of cloth to teach him. Finally, Mencius understood that if you want to become a talent, you must work hard and diligently. 21. Tao Hongjing studied in the vegetable garden: In ancient times, there were many misunderstandings about the natural world. People believed in the absurd legend that Luoying turned a borer into his own son, and they also called the son he brought in a borer. Tao Hongjing expressed doubts about this. He found a nest of midges in the vegetable garden near the village and squatted in the vegetable field to observe them attentively all day long. Tao Hongjing discovered that they were both male and female. After many days of careful observation, Tao Hongjing finally revealed the secret of the borers: it turns out that the borers also have their own offspring, and the borers are carried into the nest to serve as food for the larvae. They do not exist at all. There is such a thing as "a adopted son"! From then on, Tao Hongjing felt that it was best to observe everything personally, and never follow others' opinions.

22. Dong Zhongshu did not visit the garden for three years: Dong Zhongshu concentrated on his studies and worked tirelessly. Although there was a garden behind his study, he concentrated on reading and studying and did not take a look at the garden for three years. Dong Zhongshu was so dedicated to studying knowledge that he became a famous thinker in the Western Han Dynasty.

23. Guan Ning sat separately: During the Han Dynasty, Guan Ning and Hua Xin were classmates and friends. One day, the two of them were studying at the same table, and a dignitary passed by in a car. Guan Ning was not disturbed and could study as before, but Hua Xin went out to watch and was filled with envy. Guan Ning saw that Hua Xin and he were not really like-minded friends, so he divided the table.

Guan Ning finally succeeded in his career!