1. What is Outward Bound Training
Outward Bound Training refers to a kind of outdoor survival training conducted by professional institutions for people who have lived in cities for a long time. Outward-bound training usually uses natural environments such as high mountains and vast rivers, and achieves the training purpose of "honing will, cultivating sentiment, perfecting personality, and forging a team" through carefully designed activities.
Outward Bound Training originated from World War II. After World War II, a type of training called Outward Bound Development appeared in the UK. In 1990, expansion training emerged in various countries around the world and became Ouard Bound. Our country also developed successively in 1992.
(1) What extended reading does the expansion course include:
Characteristics of expansion training:
1. Investment first: requires students to Get the most value by being fully committed.
2. Challenge yourself: The expansion training projects all have a certain degree of difficulty, which is reflected in the test of psychological quality. It requires students to challenge the limits of their abilities and cross the "psychological limits."
3. Team building: Experience the great power of the team, enhance the sense of responsibility and participation of team members, and establish a team spirit and group cooperation awareness of mutual cooperation and mutual support.
4. Peak experience: after overcoming difficulties and successfully completing the training program requirements. /5. Self-education: The trainer will only explain the course content, purpose, requirements and necessary safety precautions to the students before training.
The expansion training courses mainly consist of three types of courses: land, sea and air. Water courses include: swimming, diving, rafting, rowing, etc.; outdoor courses include: hiking and camping, mountain climbing, outdoor orientation, paragliding, outdoor survival skills, etc.; field courses are conducted at specialized training venues, using various Training facilities, such as elevated rope nets, etc., carry out various team combination courses and psychological training activities such as rock climbing and jumping.
The value of expansion training: Good team spirit and a positive attitude towards life are the basic qualities that modern people should have, and they are also the two core connotations of modern people's personality traits. In modern society, only under the control of this kind of personality power can human wisdom and skills shine brightly, and expansion training came into being. The outdoor training method that uses the outdoor natural environment to train people originated from maritime survival training during World War II. After the war, it gradually evolved into an outdoor training method for modern society.
2. What are the three main types of expansion training courses?
Development training originated during World War II. Many ships in the Atlantic sank due to attacks, and a large number of crew members fell into the water. Due to the cold water, , and far away from the mainland, the vast majority of the crew unfortunately died, but there are still a handful of people who survived after a long ordeal. When people learned about the conditions of these survivors, they discovered a surprising fact: these survivors were not all strong young men, but most of them were old and frail, about 40-55 years old. people. After investigation and research, experts found the answer: the key to the survival of these people is that they not only have good psychological quality, but also have a considerable sense of responsibility and many years of practical experience. When disaster strikes, they have a strong desire to survive. Later, a German named Kurt Hann proposed to use some natural conditions and artificial facilities to let those young sailors do some psychologically challenging activities and projects in order to Train and improve their psychological quality. Later, his friend Lawrence established a sea development training school in Ardeberway in 1942 to train young seamen. This is the earliest prototype of expansion training. Outward-bound training usually uses natural environments such as high mountains and vast rivers, and achieves the training purpose of "tempering will, cultivating sentiment, perfecting personality, and forging a team" through carefully designed activities. The development training courses mainly consist of three types of training courses: water, field and field training. Water development training courses include: swimming, diving, rafting, rowing, etc.; outdoor development training courses include: hiking and camping, mountain climbing, outdoor orientation, paragliding, outdoor survival skills, etc.; field development training courses are based on specialized training On the venue, various development training facilities, such as elevated rope nets, etc., are used to carry out various team combination courses and psychological development training activities such as rock climbing and jumping.
Expansion training training usually has the following four links: 1. Team warm-up. At the beginning of the expansion training, team warm-up activities will help deepen mutual understanding among students, eliminate tension, and build a team so that they can participate in various training activities in a relaxed and enjoyable manner. 2. Personal projects. Designed based on the principle of maximum psychological challenge and minimum physical risk, each activity is a great test for the trainees’ psychological endurance. 3. Team projects. The team project aims to improve the trainees' sense of cooperation and the team spirit of the trainees. Through complex and arduous activities, it promotes mutual trust, understanding, tacit understanding and cooperation among trainees. and problems in communication. 4. Review and summary. Reviews will help students digest, organize, and improve their training experience in order to achieve the specific purpose of the activity. Summary enables trainees to transfer the training gains to work to achieve the overall training goals.
3. What are professional development courses?
1. Professional development courses:
Professional development courses are "employment-oriented" and aim to enhance students' professional abilities. The goal is to broaden professional knowledge based on the needs of the employer. Taking the mechanism major as an example, this paper expounds the principles, content and teaching of professional expansion courses, and provides experience for the establishment of professional expansion courses in higher vocational colleges.
2. The purpose of establishing professional development courses:
Professional development courses are set up to bring higher vocational students and corporate employment "zero distance" to improve students' comprehensive professional quality and broaden their horizons in line with professional characteristics and Industry-specific courses.
Curriculum expansion refers to curriculum development activities aimed at broadening the scope of the curriculum. The goal of curriculum development materials is to broaden the formal curriculum and provide students with opportunities to acquire knowledge, internalize values, and master skills. These are relevant to the course topics students are learning, but go beyond the breadth and depth covered by formal courses.
Curriculum expansion can be divided into two types according to the different targets: extending regular courses and individualized expansion. Extended formal courses are primarily targeted at all students. Individualized development is not for all students, but is specially designed for a small number of students selected from the class or school who are highly talented or have expertise in a certain subject or skill.
(3) What extended reading does the expanded course include:
Development of curriculum expansion
Curriculum expansion generally involves broadening the depth and breadth of course content. The scope of course expansion includes overall expansion courses and topic expansion courses. The former means that the content involved in the entire course needs to be expanded, and the latter refers to the expansion of the content of certain topics in a certain course.
As far as the service objects of curriculum development are concerned, it can be divided into curriculum development for the whole and individual development courses. The so-called curriculum development for the whole means that the expanded curriculum is for the whole class or the whole class. The so-called individualized expansion courses refer to courses specially developed by teachers for students who have interests and expertise in a certain area.
Whether it is curriculum expansion for the entire population or individualized curriculum expansion, it must be based on the premise that both teachers and students must first complete the basic content stipulated in the national curriculum. During the course expansion process, the proposed curriculum must also be considered. The importance and relevance of expanded course content to students.
Internet-Curriculum Development
What are the four school-based curriculum developments?
School-based curriculum development includes curriculum selection, curriculum adaptation, and curriculum integration. , curriculum supplement, curriculum expansion, and new curriculum, the specific contents are as follows:
1. Curriculum selection: Curriculum selection is the most common activity in school-based curriculum development, which refers to deciding which school to choose from among many possible curriculum projects. The process of putting lesson plans into practice.
2. Curriculum adaptation: Curriculum adaptation refers to the modification of the curriculum for groups different from the original curriculum preparation targets.
3. Curriculum integration: Curriculum integration refers to curriculum development activities that transcend different knowledge systems and arrange learning in a way that focuses on the same elements.
4. Curriculum supplement: Curriculum supplement refers to the development of curriculum materials for the purpose of improving the teaching effectiveness of the national curriculum.
5. Curriculum expansion: Curriculum expansion refers to curriculum development activities aimed at broadening the scope of the curriculum.
6. Curriculum re-editing: Curriculum re-editing refers to the development of new course units.
For example, "special courses" that highlight the characteristics of the school, local special courses, which we call "local textbooks", and current affairs special courses, can be classified into this type.
According to the basic requirements of basic education curriculum reform, schools should be encouraged to promote the construction of school-based curriculum based on the actual situation of the school. However, they must scientifically improve the curriculum structure, develop relevant school-based teaching materials in a standardized and orderly manner, and strive to build a The unique school-based curriculum system of the school.
What types of five expansion courses are there
There are high-altitude, field, outdoor, water, etc.
What expansion courses can be offered for grades 61 and 2?
1. Special education: The school sets teaching subjects with special education content in accordance with national requirements. Such as fire safety education, environment and health education, national defense education, legal education, traffic safety education and health education, etc.
2. Comprehensive practical activities: mainly include campus cultural activities, self-service and public welfare labor, social surveys, social services, Young Pioneers and other activities.
3. Physical exercise: The physical education team teacher and the head teacher *** will lead the students to carry out sunshine sports activities.
4. Sunshine moral education: education on behavioral norms - education on living habits, study habits, and the development of civilized habits; education on civilized etiquette - flag-raising etiquette, dressing and walking etiquette, address and greeting etiquette, dining table and waiting Etiquette for guests, etiquette for respecting teachers and filial piety, etiquette for public places, etc.
5. Sunshine reading: Morning reading, afternoon reflection, evening reciting and other related classic reading activities for class students led by the class teacher and Chinese teacher, as well as bringing students into the school reading room and library to carry out Reading activities.
6. Interest groups: Offer courses in dance, sketching, calligraphy, model aircraft, robotics, English corner, football, track and field, handicrafts, knitting, etc.
What kind of extended courses can be carried out in the seventh primary school of Chinese language
1. Develop extended reading courses in sections
Since the Chinese classroom teaching time in primary schools is limited, Therefore, extended reading should be classified according to the actual time in class. The purpose of extended reading before class is mainly to effectively stimulate primary school students' learning enthusiasm and interest. For example, if the class content is about tadpoles looking for their mothers, you can assign tasks to students at the end of the previous class and ask students to recall the children's attachment to their mothers during their daily interactions with their mothers. It is hoped that students will prepare a short story about finding their mother before the next class, and refer to the textbook for preview reading. This can encourage students to communicate with their parents after class, and let their mothers tell the students the content of the textbook to help primary school students preview and read. understand.
Extended reading before class can effectively stimulate primary school students’ interest in learning and lay an effective foundation for formal classroom learning. In the actual reading process, extended reading in the classroom often faces challenges. When students have difficult questions, at this time, teachers should regard primary school students as the main body of learning and education, and transform the teacher's identity into an effective guide, answer questions and doubts, and guide students to conduct independent learning and inquiry.
The ultimate goal of Chinese language is to apply it in social life. The education of Chinese language and literature is inseparable from the effective application of social practice and life practice. Teachers should consciously mobilize students to effectively use lessons during the teaching process. The enthusiasm of various internal and external resources extends the reach of Chinese language to all aspects outside the classroom.
2. Extended reading should follow the principles of moderation and timeliness
Extended reading and in-class teaching of Chinese are complementary and mutually reinforcing relationships, but they cannot replace each other. In the process of extracurricular reading, expansion must be carried out based on the principle of appropriateness and moderation. Effective extracurricular reading should have a mutually reinforcing effect with the teaching content in the classroom.
Teachers should use expanded teaching to stimulate primary school students' interest in learning without leaving any trace during the expansion process inside and outside the classroom. In the process of expanding applications, we should be able to break through the original limitations of textbooks and make continuous innovations as far as possible to improve reading ability and effectively surpass learning ability.
Modern multimedia teaching technology and picture books and reading materials inside and outside the classroom are very abundant. Therefore, in the process of expanding and utilizing curriculum resources, the expanded resources should be used skillfully to teach reading inside and outside the classroom.
Teachers should enable students to experience the vast civilization more vividly in the actual teaching process, so that the splendid culture of the motherland can be deeply imprinted into the hearts of primary school students through repeated exchanges and collisions.
3. Various forms of extracurricular extension activities
The new syllabus and curriculum standards point out that liking to read and feeling the pleasure of reading are basic human qualities, and they are also important for primary school Chinese teaching. One of the main tasks is to complete the study of Chinese language classes and experience the beauty of reading. It is not enough to rely solely on limited reading and classroom content in the classroom. Instead, we should use colorful open extracurricular extended reading to guide reading and A combination of openness and freedom can better carry out Chinese education.
In the actual learning process, we can use reading reports, introduction of good books, exchange of experiences, story meetings, interactions between students and other forms to continuously develop primary school students' comprehensive interest in extracurricular reading. Develop primary school students' memory and oral expression skills. For example, during the teaching process, reading evaluations between groups can be carried out, allowing primary school students to choose specific reading materials themselves. Teachers can provide students with a range of reading books, and then allow students to engage in story-telling competitions and exchange of experiences after independent reading. And the best reading group will be selected through a competition and appropriate rewards will be given.
In the process of extracurricular extended reading, attention should be paid to the hierarchy of reading content. Since primary school students have certain individual differences in terms of intellectual development level, family situation, reading foundation, etc., teachers should not only encourage students to take the initiative to learn, but also encourage students to learn individually during the actual guidance of reading. Primary school students have different focuses and interests in reading. Teachers should pay attention to the individual differences of primary school students to meet the diverse needs of primary school students of different ages and interests.
In the actual process of extracurricular reading, teachers should pay attention to the teaching and accumulation of some famous aphorisms and good sentences. Students should be encouraged to summarize the emotions of reading after reading. They can write Diaries, fairy tales and other colorful entertainment activities are used for extracurricular expansion, thereby continuously improving primary school students' learning interests and thinking abilities. This kind of active learning and application of layered education is in line with the requirements of the new syllabus. In the process of extracurricular reading, we should effectively combine the advanced teaching concepts of stratified education to carry out educational activities. We should provide differentiated extracurricular tutoring for students with obvious individual differences through the completion of different content assignments. At the same time, we should pay attention to the different levels of extracurricular reading. students have different levels of homework assignments.
What are the eight courses for children’s development training
Children’s development is also called children’s physical training. The equipment mainly includes children’s rock climbing walls, walking poles, zip lines, tire bridges, plum blossom piles, and courageous ones. , rollers, swing boards and other training equipment, with bright and interesting appearance, it is still quite popular in foreign countries for children's expansion training and physical training. Mainly because foreigners’ educational concepts are very different from those of Chinese parents. Carrying out expansion training can cultivate children's courage, enhance their collective cooperation ability, allow children to assist brain development while training, and at the same time allow children to have a simple concept of social attributes. The essence of children's expansion is to explore the unknown, experience fun, seek joy, challenge yourself, and is suitable for most age groups from children to adults.
What expanded courses can be offered for grades 9, 1 and 2
1. Special education: The school sets teaching subjects with special education content in accordance with national requirements. Such as fire safety education, environment and health education, national defense education, legal education, traffic safety education and health education, etc.
2. Comprehensive practical activities: mainly include campus cultural activities, self-service and public welfare labor, social surveys, social services, Young Pioneers and other activities.
3. Physical exercise: The physical education team teacher and the head teacher *** will lead the students to carry out sunshine sports activities.
4. Sunshine moral education: education on behavioral norms - education on living habits, study habits, and the development of civilized habits; education on civilized etiquette - flag-raising etiquette, dressing and walking etiquette, address and greeting etiquette, dining table and waiting Etiquette for guests, etiquette for respecting teachers and filial piety, etiquette for public places, etc.
5. Sunshine reading: Morning reading, afternoon reflection, evening reciting and other related classic reading activities for class students led by the class teacher and Chinese teacher, as well as bringing students into the school reading room and library to carry out Reading activities.
6. Interest groups: Offer courses in dance, sketching, calligraphy, model aircraft, robotics, English corner, football, track and field, handicrafts, knitting, etc.