1. How to recite classical Chinese quickly and effectively

How to recite classical Chinese quickly and effectively. The most basic method of memorizing classical Chinese is to understand.

As the saying goes: "If you want to remember, you must first understand." If you have a deeper understanding of the meaning of the article you want to recite, then you must remember the basic content of the article quickly. On this basis If you go up and recite the whole text, you will memorize it quickly and it will not be easy to forget.

On the contrary, if you "don't ask for a thorough understanding" or "know only a little bit", even if you spend a lot of effort to memorize it for a while, you will not be able to remember it firmly and you will not be able to apply it. Therefore, only by reciting it with understanding can you memorize it quickly, remember it firmly, and use it effectively.

Based on this principle, teachers can use some methods to help students understand memory in teaching. For example, the break-up method and the outline method are used in teaching.

The breaking method is to first divide the paragraph to be memorized into several small paragraphs according to the content or form characteristics, and then recite them one by one. If you want to recite the chapter "Mencius: Many people will be helped if you gain the Tao, but few will be helped if you lose the Tao", take the fourth paragraph as an example. For example, divide the three sentences in these four paragraphs into three levels according to the content, and then grasp the arrangement of sentences and couplets in each layer. Different characteristics make it much easier to recite and memorize.

On this basis, let the students memorize using the divided method. Separate memorization means reciting paragraphs of an article separately; combined memorization means reciting them in a coherent manner on the basis of memorizing them in sections.

For split memorization and combined memorization, the "serial recitation method" is generally used. That is, after memorizing the first, second, and third paragraphs of an article respectively, the three paragraphs are memorized together once, and then memorized separately. After the fourth paragraph, memorize the second, third, and fourth paragraphs together again, and so on. After memorizing the entire article, recite it from beginning to end. The outline method is an extension of the broken down method. It is more effective for reciting some lyrical articles about scenes. For example, when memorizing the article "The Drunkard's Pavilion", I asked students to write each chapter when explaining the text. Make an outline.

Take the second paragraph talking about "the scenery of the four seasons in the mountains" as an example, you can list "sunrise", "cloud return", "spring fragrance", "summer shadow", "autumn clean" , "Winter Water" and other subtitles, remind yourself when reciting, which can improve memory. On the basis of the outline method, students can also seize the rhetorical techniques in poems and recite them. Rhetorical techniques such as duality and repetition often appear in ancient poetry. For example, "The Drunken Old Pavilion" mentioned in the example above has many dualities. Sentences can often become the entry point for recitation.

The above methods are mainly for understanding and memorizing. They are characterized by high efficiency and good effect. It is recommended that students hold a pen in their hand when reciting using this method and memorize while silently to assist in memory. As the saying goes: A good memory is worse than a bad writing.

The process of dictating is actually mobilizing various parts of the brain to cooperate to receive and process information. This process is called collaborative memory.

What's more, by turning the mental image into intuitive words and reading it with the eyes, it can truly be seen by the eyes, the heart, and the hands, thus strengthening the effect of memory. 2. How to memorize classical Chinese efficiently

Pay attention to preview and learn to study by yourself. Before class, you must use the annotations to translate word for word and sentence by sentence. Do not wait for the teacher to explain. When previewing, find out difficult words and submit them for class discussion, and ask teachers and classmates for advice.

It is necessary to classify and understand the key words, highlight the key points, and break through the difficulties. Follow the principle of "words should not be separated from sentences" to understand and appreciate that whether they are content words or function words, their meaning and usage are always shown in a specific language environment. When accumulating classical Chinese words, do not memorize them by rote, but combine them with "context" To figure it out.

Step 1: Read aloud. Reciting is indeed a good way to memorize. In your own little world, you might as well recite ancient texts and poems aloud, and recite each article more than five times in a row. On the one hand, recitation can strengthen your familiarity with the article. On the other hand, as you recite it several times, The increase will gradually deepen the understanding of the content of the article, that is, one's own perception and experience of the article, and a deeper understanding of the author's purpose of writing this article.

This is what the ancients said: "Read a book a hundred times, and its meaning will appear by itself." In addition, as the recitation progresses, you will understand the meaning of each sentence better. For some students, after reading a sentence of ancient prose, the meaning of the sentence will immediately appear in front of their eyes. This is the result of being quite familiar with ancient prose. , if this step is done well, it will also lay a good foundation for the translation of the following sentences.

Step 2: Recite aloud. Based on the previous recitation aloud, you can now completely put aside the book and recite aloud. Recite each article more than five times in a row. You will find that you are a little stiff in the first and second times, and you have already mastered it by the third and fourth times. You are quite fluent. By the fifth or sixth time you have mastered the entire text, and there will be no missing words, added words, or word order reversal. At this time, it will be difficult for you to memorize mistakes.

Among these two steps, speaking out is the key, because reading out the sound is a repetition of the human memory function, which can have the dual effect of memorizing it silently in the heart, and speaking out also makes the students You can discover and check your own mistakes at any time. Especially for some students whose recitation accuracy is not high, reciting aloud is the best way to solve the problem.

The third step: After memorizing the article, ensure the accuracy of the words.

At this time, you can pick up the book again and read it line by line. Practice the words that are easy to make mistakes a few times to ensure that you don’t change the words or write typos. This step is the finishing work. If you don’t do it well, the previous efforts will be lost. All your previous efforts will be wasted, so take it seriously.

Step 4: Outline the famous aphorisms of each ancient article and poem (such as "worry about the world's worries first, and rejoice after the world's happiness", etc.) to reveal the key sentences of the theme and center. (such as "This is a humble house, but I am virtuous and kind", etc.), sentences describing the landscape environment (such as "green trees and green vines, swaying curtains, scattered and scattered", etc.) and sentences that express the author's mood (such as "the cold and desolate souls are cold"). Bones, quiet sadness and profoundness" etc.). Focus on memorizing these sentences and understand their role in the text to prepare for the need for comprehension memory.

Step 5: Do some comprehension recitation questions, carefully chew on the requirements of the questions, grasp the keywords to think about what to answer, and pay attention to the possibility of making some subtle changes when answering the questions. For example, "The sentence of "An Lingjun's reason for rejecting King Qin's request to relocate" and "The sentence of "Tang Ju's reason for rejecting King Qin's request to relocate" are different, and it is easy for students to confuse them.

This question needs to be answered with the word "reason". The answer should be "I received the land from the former king and am willing to keep it forever. I dare not change it" and "Mr. Anling received the land from the previous king and will keep it. Although "If you dare not change a thousand miles, how can you go straight five hundred miles?" Other words are not reasons, so they should not be written. Step 6: It is relatively easy to understand the comprehensible recitation of a certain ancient article or ancient poem; but it is much more difficult to search for sentences that meet the requirements of the question stem in all the articles learned.

This can only require students to accumulate more and comprehend more, such as accumulating some sentences describing landscapes, cruelty of war, peace-loving, leisurely and contented mood, natural environment, friendship, etc., and classifying them , consciously gradually expand the scope of your collection, think about a few more verses when answering the question, and then choose the sentence that best meets the requirements of the question to ensure that it is foolproof. In addition, developing a good habit of accumulating poems is also one of the necessary tasks to form your solid cultural accumulation. At the same time, these poems can also be quoted in writing to add color to the article.

The second day: Mastering the content words of classical Chinese. The content words of classical Chinese have always been the easier part to score in the classical Chinese exam. Some students have mastered most of the explanations of content words, but their accuracy will be compromised. You might as well do it yourself Start by sorting out and summarizing lesson by lesson. First, sort out some special content words: Tongqi characters, typical ancient and modern idioms, inflections of part of speech and polysemy. This sorting will firstly broaden your thinking and improve your migration ability, and secondly, you will have a solid grasp and deep memory.

Secondly, we sort out some non-special but important content words: content words that are still vital and still used in modern Chinese and content words in the notes below the book. The organization of this part is very important, because the mastery of content words is not only necessary for reading classical Chinese texts in class, but also for reading extracurricular classical Chinese texts. Only by having a solid grasp of the exact meaning of each content word and understanding its polysemy, can we Only then will our sense of literary language gradually develop, and we will be able to improve it when reading extracurricular classical Chinese.

3. How to recite classical Chinese efficiently and quickly

Recitation has two obvious functions; first, it can help to understand the content deeply; second, it can improve the effect of reading and translation. Therefore, it is best to memorize classical Chinese by heart. This is of great benefit to the reading and translation of classical Chinese texts. Memorizing classical Chinese texts does not mean rote memorization, but should pay attention to methods, which can get twice the result with half the effort. (Method) 1. Break the whole into parts. Treat a classical Chinese text as a whole Reading it in general is like "swallowing a jujube". The whole should be analyzed into several meaningful paragraphs and read thoroughly. [Analysis] After analyzing the meaningful paragraphs of a text, you can see the clues of the article and the author's personality. The idea is to have a clear understanding of the ins and outs of the characters and things written about, and then follow the order of development of things, the logic of life, and the explanation of causes and consequences according to people and places. Now that the layers are clear, after reading it carefully, You will be able to recite quickly. Recitation should be memorized in sections and each breakthrough should be made until all is recited. (Method) 2. Copying and reading method. This is a comprehensive method of reciting with eyes, mouth, hands and heart. [Analysis] Look at it with eyes Read the words, words, and sentences of the article, read the words, words, and sentences of the article orally, write the words, words, and sentences of the article by hand, and think of the words, words, and sentences of the article in your mind. Copy, read, and read. Read, read, and copy. Do not take too long. Once you have read part of it, you will have copied part of it, and you will have memorized part of it. Then if you have read it all, you will have copied it all, and you will be able to recite it all. When your eyes, mouth, hands, and heart are familiar, the whole text will be easier to read. Memorize them by memorizing them. (Method) 3. Progressive method. Using this method is like snowballing, that is, read the first sentence first, that is, recite the first sentence; then read the first and second sentences in succession, that is, ask for the first sentence. Memorize two sentences in a row. By analogy, scroll forward until you memorize the entire text. (Method) Four, three-grasp method. It is based on natural paragraphs as a unit to implement three-grasp. [Example] You should recite "Warring States Policy·Tang Jubu" Before "Insulting the Mission", you can use three grasps. For example, in the first natural paragraph, first grasp the first word of this paragraph - "Qin"; then grasp the starting sentence of this paragraph - "The King of Qin sent people to call Anling "Jun said"; Finally, grasp the author's ideas reflected in this paragraph and the context of the article - the confrontation occurred between King Qin and Lord Anling, which was the antecedent of Tang Ju's mission and the prelude to the struggle between the two sides. The beginning of the plot. These three Grasping each other serves as a reminder. It will be easier to memorize the text according to these tips. (Method) 5. Pay attention to the translation recitation method. That is, from the language style to the classical Chinese. [For example] If you want to recite Ouyang Xiu's "The Drunkard's Pavilion", you can First translate it sentence by sentence into modern Chinese (i.e. "ancient translation into modern"), and then return to ancient Chinese (i.e. modern into ancient) according to the translated Chinese, from ancient to present, and then from present to ancient, that is, from the translated text Return to the original classical Chinese text and repeat it many times. This not only practices ancient and modern translation, but also allows you to compare ancient and modern lexicon and syntax. Memorizing the original text, no matter its length, is easy. [Analysis] The above five methods are the best for memorizing the original text. It is effective. Of course, every method can be used. It seems better to use several methods in combination. In short, there is no set rule for which method to use. One is that everyone can use whatever method they like. This is On the subjective side, the other is based on the objective recitation effect. If a certain method is both fast (recited quickly) and good (recited accurately), then that method is the best method. 4. How to recite classical Chinese efficiently and quickly

Recitation has two obvious functions; first, it can help to understand the content in depth; second, it can improve the effect of reading and translation.

Therefore, when learning classical Chinese, it is best to memorize it by heart, which is of great benefit to the reading and translation of classical Chinese. Reciting classical Chinese is not the same as rote memorization, but should pay attention to methods, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

(Method) 1. Divide the whole into zeros. To read a classical Chinese article in general as a whole is like "swallowing a jujube". The whole should be analyzed into several meaningful paragraphs and read thoroughly in sections.

[Analysis] After analyzing the meaningful paragraphs of a text, you can see the clues of the article and the author's thoughts, have a clear understanding of the ins and outs of the characters and things written, and then follow the development of the matter. The order is consistent with the logic of life and the explanation of the time, cause and effect of people and places, and runs through it. Now that the levels are clear, you can recite it quickly after reading it familiarly.

Recitation should be divided into sections and break through each section until the entire section is recited. (Law) 2. Copying method.

This is a method of comprehensively applying eyes, mouth, hands and heart to recite. [Analysis] See the words, words, and sentences of the article with your eyes, read the words, words, and sentences of the article orally, write the words, words, and sentences of the article by hand, and think of the words, words, and sentences of the article in your mind.

Copy, read and read, read, read and copy. Don’t take too long. After reading part, you have copied part and you have memorized part. Then after reading them all, they will copy them all, and they will be able to recite them all.

When the eyes, mouth, hands and heart are familiar, the full text will be easy to memorize by memorizing them. (Method) 3. Progressive method.

Using this method is like snowballing, that is, reading the first sentence first, that is, reciting the first sentence; then reading the first and second sentences in succession, that is, requiring the first and second sentences to be memorized in succession. By analogy, scroll forward until you have memorized the entire text.

(Method) Four or three grasping methods. It implements three grasps based on natural segments.

[Example] Before reciting "Warring States Policy: Tang Ju Fulfills His Mission", you can use three grasps.

For example, in the first natural paragraph, first grasp the first character of this paragraph - "Qin"; then grasp the starting sentence of this paragraph - "The king of Qin sent people to say Lord Anling:"; finally grasp the meaning embodied in this paragraph. The author's thoughts and the context of the article - the confrontation took place between King Qin and Lord Anling, which was the antecedent of Tang Ju's mission and the prelude to the struggle between the two sides.

The beginning of the plot. These three grasps all serve as reminders for each other.

Memorizing the text will be easier by following these tips. (Dharma) 5. Pay attention to the translation and recite the method.

That is, from linguistic style to classical Chinese. [For example] If you want to recite Ouyang Xiu's "The Drunkard's Pavilion", you can first translate it sentence by sentence into modern Chinese (i.e. "ancient translation into modern"), and then return to ancient Chinese (i.e. modern into ancient translation) based on the translated Chinese. From ancient times to the present, and then from the present to the ancient times, that is, from the translation back to the original classical Chinese text, repeated many times. This not only practices the translation of ancient to modern times, but also enables comparison of ancient and modern lexicon and syntax. Memorizing the original text, regardless of its length, is easy. for.

[Analysis] The above five methods are effective for memorizing the original text. Although each method can be used, it seems better to use several methods in combination.

In short, there is no fixed rule as to which method to use. One is that everyone can use whatever method they like. This is subjective. The other is to see the objective recitation effect. The method adopted If it is both fast (recited quickly) and good (recited accurately), then that method is the best method. 5. How to memorize classical Chinese texts efficiently

1. Break the whole into parts and break them down individually. Reading a classical Chinese text as a whole is like "swallowing a jujube". The whole should be analyzed into It is best to read several passages of meaning in sections.

Breaking through each means dividing a long article or paragraph into several short parts to memorize. Memorize one part and then the next part.

In this way, each time you memorize less content and speed up, you will have a "sense of accomplishment". This is much easier than memorizing the entire text and paragraphs at once. Of course, in the end, you must connect several parts and memorize them.

For example, when reciting "The Donkey of Guizhou", you can recite the first paragraph first, and then recite the second paragraph. 2. Give the outline and clear the context. The so-called "outline" means to use various breaking methods when explaining the text, proceeding paragraph by paragraph. According to the things written or problems described in each paragraph of text, find the central words or summarize them into A short sentence, then connected in sequence, captures the "outline" of this article.

Based on this "outline", you can think of the entire article. The so-called "objective" of theory refers to which sentences are used to describe each thing or problem in each paragraph, and how each sentence is said. These details must also be sorted out one by one.

The focus is on sentences with complex grammatical structures and profound meanings. These sentences are often "stumbling blocks" to memorization. Only by thoroughly understanding it can students memorize it quickly.

Relationship between segments: is it cause and effect? Is it a species? It's part and whole... At this point, the article's ideas have become students' ideas, and the detailed memory of the text content can naturally be "outlined". By grasping the context of the article and memorizing it, you will be able to remember the full text in a clear and organized manner.

For example, when studying "The Drunkard Pavilion", you can clarify the context of the article as follows: 1. The environment of the pavilion: Huanchu, Langya, Nianquan, and Drunkard Pavilion. The origin of the name of the pavilion: the person who built the pavilion, the person who named it, and the meaning of naming.

2. Landscape paintings: scenes of morning and dusk, scenes of the four seasons, summarizing the word "乐". 3. Figure painting: people traveling in Chuzhou, the governor’s banquet, guests enjoying themselves, and the governor drunk.

4. Ending painting: The governor returns, the birds are happy, and the main theme of the whole article is highlighted. Let students memorize the context first, and then expand accordingly in order.

3. Grasp key words and save effort in reciting the key words mentioned here. One refers to the leading word of the sentence segment. When reciting, we often encounter this situation: a classical Chinese article that can be recited, When reciting again, I often get stuck at the beginning of a certain paragraph. At this time, if someone prompts me with the leading word, I can quickly memorize it. This shows that the leading character can induce thinking and help memory.

The second refers to key verbs that are easy to associate with the supporting points of the recited content. For example, if you recite the sentences in "Born in Sorrow, Die in Peace" that describe the difficult situations faced by those who bear important responsibilities, you can grasp words such as "bitter", "labor", "hungry", "empty", and "chaos".

According to this idea, it will not only help memory, but also facilitate the extraction and application of materials in the future. 4. Classroom performance, exciting memorization. Some ancient poems have strong story-telling. We can use teacher-student (student-student) question and answer form to first understand the main plot of the story, and then connect the plots together for performance, and finally complete the recitation task.

For example: "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi and accepts remonstrance". The content can be divided into two parts: "sarcasm" and "accepting remonstrance". Among them, the content after the King of Qi accepts remonstrance can be divided into the following periods for questions and answers. memory. 5. Use sentence patterns to quickly memorize and recite.

There are many neat sentences in classical Chinese with the same or similar structure and similar wording (such as couplets, parallel sentences, etc.). These sentences give people a sense of rhythm, sonority, and coherence. We can take advantage of their pronunciation and rhythm to memorize them specifically. The memory effect is much better than mixing them with other content. For example, there is a text in "Zou": "My wife's beauties to me are for selfishness; my concubines' beauties for me are for fear of me; my guests' beauties for me are for wanting something from me."

"The minister's wife Personal ministers, ministers' concubines are afraid of ministers, ministers' guests want to ask for anything from ministers, and they all think that they are more beautiful than Mr. Xu." Several other places can be remembered in this way.

There are also some sentences that are related in content and different in form. We can use the difference method to remember them respectively. For example, in the first paragraph of the article "Zou", there are several sentences about Zou Ji and his concubines asking about beauty and answering questions. Their meanings are basically the same, but they are different in ways.

By comparing, we can quickly find their differences. In Zou Ji's three questions, the first and second time both used the sentence pattern "...who and...". The difference is that the second sentence has one less "chengbei" than the first sentence; the third sentence uses The sentence pattern of "...and...which..." is the same as modern Chinese.

In the responses of the three of them, the wife and concubine all used the rhetorical question pattern of "How can Mr. Xu be as good as the king?" However, the concubine did not mean her words and did not say "the king is so beautiful", while the guest's answer was purely It was perfunctory, so I used a general negative sentence with a weaker tone: "Xu Gong is not as beautiful as the king." Once you understand the difference, it will be much easier to remember.

In short, the learning methods are different. Here I just talk about some methods on the recitation skills of classical Chinese. The key is that students must learn to discover with heart and sum up a set of methods suitable for themselves in order to get twice the result with half the effort.