1. Hegel's famous sayings

The ancient Greek philosopher Thales looked up at the stars and predicted rain, but did not look at his feet and fell into a pit.

People use this to ridicule philosophers for not being practical and just talking. Hegel said: "Only if a nation has some people who pay attention to the sky, they have hope; if a nation only cares about the things below its feet, it has no future."

At the same time, he also said: "Only those who care about the sky have hope. Those who lie in the pit forever and never look up to the sky will not fall into the pit." - Only those who lie in the pit and never look up to the sky will never get ahead.

That is to say, if you look up at the stars, even if you may fall into a pit, you will have gained wisdom and hope; and those who only immerse themselves in worldly affairs and do not know how to look up at the stars for true knowledge, even if they are lying on the earth He will not fall into the pit, but he will be stuck in the pit forever, without the wisdom and hope of development. 2. The main content of Hegel's "Aesthetics"

In the first volume of his "Aesthetics", Hegel explicitly called his aesthetics "philosophy of art" and declared that aesthetics is philosophy. a department of. This shows that Hegel studied aesthetics from a philosophical perspective. Hegel was an objective idealist idealist. He believes that all material and spiritual phenomena in the world are different stages of the development of absolute ideas, and beauty is one of them.

In the study of aesthetics, he also attaches great importance to methods. The preface to his "Aesthetics" mainly talks about methodological issues. On the basis of summarizing previous research methods, he clearly put forward the dialectical method of "unification of empirical viewpoints and conceptual viewpoints".

Hegel believed that "Beauty can therefore be defined as follows: Beauty is the perceptual manifestation of ideas." This definition of "beauty is the perceptual manifestation of ideas" is the starting point of Hegel's dialectical aesthetics.

According to Hegel's definition, the so-called "beauty" refers to artistic beauty. Therefore, theoretically speaking, he completely excludes natural beauty from the field of beauty. However, in actual discussion, he did not completely deny natural beauty, and in the first volume of "Aesthetics", he devoted the entire second chapter to expounding his views on natural beauty. Regarding beauty, Hegel has already put forward the definition of "beauty is the perceptual manifestation of the idea", and regarding natural beauty, he proposed, "We can only see the interdependence of vitality in the objective phase of the natural image that conforms to the concept." Only when there is a good relationship can the beauty of nature be seen.”

The main part of Hegel's aesthetic thought is about the creation of artistic images that embody artistic beauty. For artistic images, he called them "qualitative realistic existence." All real existences are limited and therefore non-ideal, but the fundamental feature of artistic beauty is the ideality of infinite freedom. Therefore, the central problem to be solved in the creation of artistic images is how to reach infinite ideality from limited non-ideality, thereby creating ideal beauty and ideal character. 3. Hegel's famous sayings

1. Only selfless devotion will lead to success 2. Pay attention to the starry sky and your feet 3. Focus on your ideals and don't be afraid of the "puddles" under your feet 4. Don't make judgments easily (Positive) 5. If you have vision, you will not make people laugh. (Cons) 6. Pay tribute to those who want to focus on their ideals. 7. Don’t blame others for perfection. 8. Knowing how to appreciate is also a high level of supplement: · Discipline is the first condition for freedom.

·The ideal character should not only satisfy material needs, but also satisfy spiritual interests. · The spiritual moral power exerts its potential and raises its flag, so our patriotic enthusiasm and sense of justice have to exert their power and role in reality.

·Truth is mastered through a long process of developing knowledge, and in this process, each step continues directly.

· People often call willfulness freedom, but willfulness is only irrational freedom. Humanity's choices and self-determination are not based on the rationality of the will, but on accidental motivations and this motivation's dependence on the perceptual external world.

· If a person counts what he learned from others as his own discovery, this is also very close to arrogance. · I first ask you to trust science, trust reason, trust yourself, and believe in yourself.

· Man should respect himself and regard himself as worthy of the highest things. · Even though the greatest genius lies on the green grass day and night, letting the breeze blow, and looking at the sky, gentle inspiration never visits him.

· The attitude of keeping a respectful distance from abstract thinking is so ingrained that even a sensitive nose will wrinkle at the smell of humor and irony. Since people with such noses read the morning newspapers and know that there is a prize for satirical literature, they will say: It is easier for me to get this prize than to do this thing, because I can say what I am right away. ideas, and no tricks needed.

· Another content of family education is to cultivate children’s obedience. The cultivation of obedience can make children have the desire to grow up. On the contrary, if you do not pay attention to the cultivation of obedience in your children, he will become abrupt, arrogant and rude.

· The aesthetic sense requires cultural cultivation... Only with the help of cultivation can we understand and discover beauty. · Only by doing the hard work of developing it over a long period of time and being immersed in the task for a long time can anything be expected to be achieved.

· Only after a long period of development, the task that has been completed for a long time, and the task that is buried in it for a long time can be achieved. · A jealous person, unable to accomplish great things himself, will try his best to underestimate the greatness of others and belittle the greatness of others to make them equal to himself.

· A jealous person cannot accomplish great things himself, but tries to underestimate the greatness of others and belittle the greatness of others to make it equal to himself. · Youth is the most beautiful period of life.

·Truth is indeed a noble word, but it is also a noble achievement. If a person's mind and emotions remain healthy, his heart will be filled with excitement.

·Freedom is the recognition of necessity. · A soul with true beauty always achieves something and is a real person.

· World history is nothing but the progress of the consciousness of freedom. 4. Can anyone introduce Hegel's "Aesthetics" to me?

Hegel's "Aesthetics" is a grand work of extraordinary significance in the history of Western aesthetics.

"Aesthetics" was originally the "Lectures on Aesthetics" given by Hegel at the University of Heidelberg and the University of Berlin. It was later compiled into a book and published in 1835, four years after Hegel's death. Hegel's aesthetics is based on objective idealism and dialectics.

Hegel believed that the purpose of his study of aesthetics "is not to stimulate artistic creation, but to understand art from a scientific perspective." The central clue of "Aesthetics" is Hegel's definition of beauty: "Beauty is the perceptual appearance of ideas" and the argument based on this understanding.

Of course, this is just his opinion. Many later philosophers do not agree with Hegel’s views, but the history and landmark significance of Hegel’s aesthetics cannot be erased. From a methodological perspective, Hegel applied his dialectic to aesthetics.

Hegel believes that the highest reality is also a moving and dynamic process, full of contradictions and oppositions. Abstract concepts cannot be used to understand and demonstrate reality. Ordinary people's abstract thinking can only be understood in isolation and statically. Existing things can only be thought of individually in their particular stages and oppositions, but not in the unity of opposites.

Since the truth of all existence exists only in the Idea, which is the only true reality, the correct method must address all the contradictions of reality and show how they are reconciled and preserved in a coherent whole.

Therefore, thinking must start from the simplest, abstract and empty concepts, advance to more complex, concrete and rich concepts, and advance to the general idea. This is the understanding of Hegelian dialectics. Hegel has a macro definition of beauty: "Beauty is the perceptual manifestation of ideas."

The idea mentioned by Hegel is the highest spirit and the highest reality. Hegel believed that beauty is the unity of universal and particular, general and individual, objective and subjective, rationality and sensibility.

This unity is expressed through the perceptual form of art. Therefore, Hegel said: "It is the coordination of the concept with itself in its objective existence that forms the essence of the relationship."

Ideas are the only absolute reality. The entire world is a process of self-understanding and self-realization of ideas. Beauty and art are also a link and expression of self-understanding and self-realization of ideas. Therefore, Hegel's definition of beauty is "Beauty is the perceptual manifestation of ideas. "Aesthetics" Hegel's manifestation."

Hegel believed that there are several stages in the development of ideas. In the logical stage, ideas only exist as abstract, purely logical concepts without any material or empirical content. The transformation and transition between concepts and categories, from simple to complex, from abstract to concrete. At this stage, the idea takes the material form of nature, which determines the development of nature from mechanical to physical to organic. The highest stage of the organism is human beings. With the emergence of human beings, the absolute ideal will enter self-denial. From nature to spirit, and thus to the spiritual stage.

In the spiritual stage, the idea defeats the material, returns to the spiritual form that is compatible with itself, and returns to its homeland. Since it has gone through the self-negation of the first two stages, that is, the negation of negation, it is neither the purely abstract thinking and concept of the logical stage, nor the passive thing bound by matter in the natural stage, but the concept and the The unity of nature, with rich content.

If the logical stage is abstract existence and the natural stage is freedom, they have not recognized its essence and have not reached the highest level of self-awareness and freedom, in which thinking and existence, subject and object are all inseparable. If there is no identity, or it cannot be said that all opposites are fully reconciled, then only in the spiritual stage of the evolution of ideas can it reveal its own nature to itself, as a self-existent existence, know itself, realize itself, and return to itself. Subjective spirit (personal consciousness from instinct to rationality), objective spirit (social consciousness including law, morality, and law), and absolute spirit (art, religion, and philosophy) are three smaller stages that the spiritual stage has gone through.

Hegel identified art as the embodiment of the absolute spirit, which is the first stage of the absolute spirit. As an idea, it is absolutely free, but it is limited by perceptual images and is only an idea in perceptual form, so it is a lower-level manifestation.

Because of this, art will sublate itself and transform into a higher stage of religion and philosophy, which embodies the inevitability of absolute spiritual development: the religion and philosophy that follows it will grasp the real reality more deeply. idea. Hegel believed that the scope of aesthetic research is art, and the proper name of aesthetics is "philosophy of art."

Artistic beauty eliminates the limitations of natural beauty, so it is higher than natural beauty. "The duty of artistic beauty is that it must express the phenomena of life, especially the vitality of the soul, in external things according to their freedom, and at the same time make these external things conform to the concept."

Black Geer pointed out that artistic creation is to externalize thoughts and feelings into works and become things from which one can know oneself... The mind both "exists as a natural object" and "exists for itself". It "observes itself, knows itself, and thinks." "Self", "Only what is infused with life, that is, the life of the soul, has the infinity of freedom." Therefore, only the beauty produced by involving this higher realm is the real beauty, which is artistic beauty.

Hegel believed that poetry is the highest stage of art, drama and poetry. In poetry, the spiritual aspect has been completely liberated from perceptual matter. The separation of spirit and matter makes the ideal The art of perceptual appearance cancels itself, and poetry is both the disintegration of all art and the transition to another higher realm, that is, religion. Hegel's "Aesthetics" uses the perspective of dialectical development and the perspective of history in the study of aesthetics. It focuses on the definition of "beauty is the perceptual manifestation of ideas", emphasizes the relationship between art and major issues in life, and goes into depth. It discusses the rational content of art and the development history of art, broadening the scope of aesthetic research unprecedentedly.

Hegel’s aesthetic thought represented the highest achievement of aesthetics of that era and had a profound impact on modern aesthetics. 5. Introduction, evaluation of Hegel’s gt;

By Hegel, aesthetics has completely become the philosophy of art, but it is still closely related to sensibility, because “beauty is the perceptual manifestation of ideas. "This exact definition prevents art from existing without sensibility. Although Hegel believed that art is the key to the process of absolute spiritual self-awakening, its special perceptual characteristics prevent it from reaching the ultimate goal of pure ideas. Hegel believed that this was a concept that should be dealt with by philosophy.

The consistency of Hegel's aesthetics and philosophy of art and his view of replacing nature with art as the basic goal of aesthetic reflection marked a key historical moment. Because it not only treats aesthetics as a philosophy of art, but also reveals the end of the correlation between philosophical ideas and perceptual forms by reducing the historical importance of its subject - art.

As Peter Biegel pointed out in "The Theory of Avant-garde Art", a framework of post-romantic art thought can be found from Hegel: "He took modern Dutch genre painting as an example and believed that art is The interest in objects has turned into an interest in current technology. What should please us is not the content of the painting and its actual situation, but the simple appearance of the object that has no subjective interest at all. The appearance seems to be fixed on it by beauty, and art is the master's ability to depict the secret contained in the deepened appearance itself in the external phenomenon. 'What Hegel is dealing with here is only what we call aesthetic consciousness. formation. He clearly stated: 'The subjective skill of the artist and the way he masters the artistic process can enhance the status of the object depicted in the work of art. 'This means that the dialectic of form and content is biased towards form, and the question of form becomes the work of art. More important question." [1] (P93) Biegel concluded from this: Hegel foresees the separation of content and form, or as he himself declared "the departure of common sense between art and life" [1] (P93-94).