1. Zheng Youcaoren’s literary language has been added, and the characters have been interpreted.
Zheng Youcaoren [original text] In the past, there was a person named Zheng Youcao.
If the shot fails, the bird will be smashed to pieces; if the game fails, the bird will be bitten. People said: "It's not the sin of Hu and Zi, why should Yong Yi think about it instead? It's a metaphor.
He died of illness. [Translation] In the past, there was a man with a short temper in Zheng Di. He If he misses the target in archery, he will smash the target. If he cannot win in chess, he will bite the chess pieces. Others said to him: "This is not the fault of the target and chess pieces. Why don't you think about yourself instead?" He never understood what others meant, and finally died of an impatience attack. [Meaning] A person will always encounter setbacks or even failures on the way forward. If the reasons can be found subjectively and objectively, it is possible to change this situation. The Zheng people in this fable are hopeless when they vent their frustrations on people and things. What awaits such people will be even worse failures. 2. Translation of Zheng Youcao's Chinese Classics
[Original text]
In ancient times, there were some impetuous people between Zheng and Zheng. If the shot failed, the swan would be smashed, and if the game was not won, the son would be bitten. Sihu? . Fuyu. He died of illness.
[Translation]
In the past, there was a man in Zheng who had a bad temper. He failed to hit the target with his arrows. When he circled the target, he smashed the target, and when he couldn't win in chess, he chewed the chess pieces. Others said to him: "This is not the fault of the target and the chess pieces. Why don't you think about yourself instead?" .But he never understood what others meant. Finally, he suffered from an attack of impatience and died.
[Meaning]
A person will always encounter setbacks or even failure on the way forward. If he can By looking for reasons subjectively and objectively, it is possible to change this situation. The Zheng people in this fable vent their frustrations on people and things, which is useless. What awaits such people will be even worse. Failure. 3. Translation by Zheng Youcao. Please translate this passage: In the past, there was a man between Zheng and Zheng.
He was not good at learning and died in anger. Jin and Zheng ① There was a man among them. ② People Yan could not shoot. If it is in the middle, it will smash its swan ③, if it is not in ④, it will bite its son ⑤.
People say: "This is not the fault of Hu and Zi. Do you think about it instead?" It's a metaphor. He died of illness.
Yu Liong said: "This can also be used as a lesson. My husband and the people are like swans, and I am the one who shoots them. If I hit the target, I will hit the target. Soldiers are like my sons, and I am the one who walks. If you follow the right path, you will be victorious.
If you have no skills and cannot use it, and you are not as good as others, you will not be able to bear the anger, and you will be jealous of something that is not what you should do. "Annotation ① Jin, Zheng: The name of an ancient country. The Jin Dynasty was located in the southern part of present-day Shanxi Province and Hebei Province, and was later destroyed by the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei.
Guan Guo was located in Xinzheng County, Henan Province, and was destroyed by Han in 375 BC. ② Irritability: irritable, impatient.
③ Hu: The center of the target. ④ Yi: Play Go.
⑤ gnaw: bite. ⑥ Hate: anger; resentment.
⑦ Wu: He. Translation: There was a hot-tempered man at the border of Jin and Zheng. He smashed the center of the target when he missed his arrows. He chewed up the chess pieces when he couldn't win in Go.
People advised him: "This is not the fault of bullseye and chess pieces. Why don't you reflect on yourself?" He did not understand this truth. In the end he died of a bad temper.
Yu Liong said: "This can also be used as a warning. The common people are like the center of an arrow target. I am the one who shoots it. If you master the principles of archery, you will hit it; soldiers are like chess pieces. Likewise, I am the one who directs their actions. If I can master the rules, I can win.
There is nothing to ask for and nothing to do, so that when I feel inferior to others, I will be angry, and the anger is not in the place. , how can you not die?" Comments: I can't eat hot tofu in a hurry. When doing things, we should fully grasp the objective laws and pay attention to methods and methods.
Being eager for success, blaming everyone, and getting angry will not help. 4. Classical Chinese essay topics
15. Translate the underlined sentences in the following paragraphs into modern Chinese (8 points) Fan Qiaoyi people stole his tree on the evening of the twelfth lunar month and someone complained about it. ① Qiao Yang did not After hearing this, the people of ② returned home in shame.
Qiao went to the metaphor and said: "You collect firewood on festivals, ③ you want to agree with your parents to entertain your ears, ④ how can you be ashamed of it!" ⑤ He is knowledgeable and good at guiding, all of this kind.
①____________________________________________________________ ②____________________________________________________________ ③____________________________________________________________ ④____________________________________________________________ ⑤_______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 16. [Translation] Fan Qiao's fellow villager cut down his family's tree illegally on New Year's Eve. Someone told Fan Qiao, ① Fan Qiao pretended not to hear, ② the fellow villager returned the illegally cut tree in shame.
Fan Qiao went to tell his fellow villagers clearly: "You take some during the festival. ③ You just want to spend the festival happily with your parents. ④ Why are you ashamed?" ⑤ He is reasonable and enlightening, and he is like this . (1 point for each sentence) Comprehensive exercises for senior high school students in Dongcheng District, Beijing, 2005 (2) 11. Translate the underlined sentences in classical Chinese below into modern Chinese.
(5 points) ① Guan Zhong was restrained, and he was Qi from Lu. He was hungry and thirsty when he was on the road, so he passed Qiwu (1) to seal people (2) and beg for food. ②The people of Qiwufeng knelt down and ate, showing great respect.
③ Fengren said to Zhong because of the theft: "④ Fortunately, Qi Qi survived and used Qi. How will you repay me?" He said: "As the disciple said, ⑤ I use the virtuous and capable. Envoy, how can I repay my son for my hard work?" Feng Ren complained about it. ("Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo Lower Left") [Note] (1) Qiwu, a place name.
(2) Fengren, official name, officials guarding the border. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ 11. (5 points) (1 point for each sentence) [Translation] ① Guan Zhong was tied up and escorted from the state of Lu to the state of Qi. He was walking on the road, hungry and thirsty, and passed by Qiwu to guard the border. He was surrounded by officials and begged for food from him.
②The official guarding the border in Qiwu knelt down to let him eat, looking very respectful. ③The officials guarding the border took the opportunity and secretly said to Guan Zhong: ④"If by chance you return to Qi and are not executed but are reused by Qi, what will you use to repay me?" Guan Zhong said? : "If it is really like what you said, ⑤ I will value the wise, use the capable, and judge (reward) the meritorious people. Why should I repay you?" The officials at the border complained (blamed, resented) him.
11. Use slashes/sentences in the underlined parts of the classical Chinese text below. (5 points) Yu Sun said that the ultimate virtue of frugality is also the greatest of extravagance and evil. He also said that all those who are virtuous come from frugality. A husband who is frugal will have few desires. A gentleman who has few desires will not serve things and can walk in a straight way. If a villain has few desires, he will be able to use his life with restraint and use far away, which will offend his family. Therefore, it is said that the essence of frugal virtue is also extravagance, which means he has many desires. A gentleman who has many desires will covet wealth and honor, and will bring disaster quickly. A villain, if he has many desires, will use too much, waste his family and lose his life. Therefore, when you are an official, you must bribe, and when you are in the countryside, you must steal. Therefore, it is said that the greatness of extravagance and evil is ①***. It is also said that all those who are virtuous come from frugality. ② If a husband is frugal, he will have few desires. If a gentleman has few desires, he will not work for things and can walk in a straight way. ③ If a villain has few desires, he will be able to use his life with restraint and far away from his family. Therefore, it is called the *** of frugal virtue. ④ Extravagance will lead to many desires. A gentleman with many desires will be greedy for wealth and honor, and will be in vain. ⑤ If a villain has many desires, he will seek too much and use it in vain. To lose one's family and lose one's life is to be an official and to bribe someone to live in a hometown and to steal. 11. ①***/Tongye/It is said that all those who are virtuous come from frugality ②A husband who is frugal will have few desires/A gentleman who has few desires will not serve things/can be straight. And the behavior ③The villain has few desires, so he can use his body and use prudently/far offends the rich family/so it is called/frugal/the essence of virtue ④ Extravagance leads to many desires/the gentleman has many desires and is greedy for wealth/wasting his way and hastening disaster ⑤small If there are too many desires, people will seek too much for their own use. If you waste your family and lose your life, you will bribe if you are an official. If you live in the countryside, you will steal. (Each sentence is worth 1 point. It is recommended to implement a deduction system.
Half a point will be deducted for every wrong interruption in each sentence; among them, "a gentleman has few desires", "a villain has few desires", "a gentleman has many desires" and "a villain has many desires" can be interrupted or continued. If broken, no points will be deducted) 15. Translation. (8 points) ⑴Translate the underlined sentence in the classical Chinese reading above into modern Chinese (4 points) Today's scholars all admire the immortality of ancient sages, and those who work hard for a lifetime and dedicate themselves to writing are all pitiable.
⑵Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into modern Chinese. (4 points) Mencius said: "The people can become rich by changing their fields and reducing their taxes; if they eat at the right time and use them with propriety, they will not be able to use their wealth.
The people are neither water nor fire. Life: Knock on people's doors in the dusk and ask for water and fire, but nothing will be given to them. It is enough. The sage governs the world and makes water and fire like water and fire. How can the people be unkind? ? ” Answer: 15. ⑴ Nowadays, all educated people do not envy the immortality of ancient saints and sages, but it is very sad to spend their whole lives writing articles. ⑵ Mencius said: "Plow the fields and reduce taxes, and you can make the people rich.
If you eat on time and spend according to etiquette, your wealth will not be used up. The people cannot live without water and fire; at dusk and evening Knock on other people's doors and ask for water and fire, and there will be no one who will not give it.
Because there is enough. When a sage governs the world, beans and rice will be as abundant as water and fire.
< p> Food is as plentiful as water and fire, how can the people be unkind? " 11. Translate the underlined sentences in the article into modern Chinese (4 points) The life span comes to an end, and the joy and happiness are not as good as the article. endless. Therefore, the ancient authors relied on calligraphy and ink, and expressed their ideas in the texts. They did not fake the words of good history, did not rely on the momentum of rapid progress, and their reputations were passed down to future generations.Therefore, the Western Bodhisattva performed the "Yi" quietly, and Zhou Danxian composed the "Li". However, ① the ancients despised the ruler and bi and valued the Yin, fearing that time had passed. However, if there are many people, there is no strength, the poor and humble will be frightened by hunger and cold, and the wealth and honor will be lost in leisure and pleasure, ② then the current affairs will be carried out, and the achievements of thousands of years will be left behind.
The sun and the moon pass away above, the physical appearance declines below, and suddenly changes with all things. This is a great pain for a person with lofty ideals! Selected from Cao Pi's "Essays on Classical Theory" ① ② 11. ①The ancients valued a beautiful jade with a diameter of one foot very lightly, but valued a short period of time very seriously, and were afraid that time would pass by in a hurry (2 points) ②So (only care about it) ) manage the immediate affairs and abandon the important events that will be famous for eternity. (2 points) 15. Translate the underlined sentences in the classical Chinese text below into modern Chinese.
(8 points) Duke Huan asked Guan Zhong, "Why do you value the king?" He said, "Noble the sky." Duke Huan looked up at the sky.
Guan Zhong said: "The so-called heaven does not mean the vast and vast sky. The ruler is the people. 5. Answers to Zheng Bao's Classical Chinese Reading 2014
Zheng Wei (not Bao)
Liu Zhanzhixian② was a Hanshi. He was about ten years old and wrote inkstones around Zheng Wei. It was raining at that time, and the rocks and mountains were very beautiful, and the springs and rocks were very good. After sitting for a long time, I started walking for five or six miles and said, "I can't chant this summary, so why not do it too late?" "But he returned to the pavilion and wanted to write a poem. He saw a unique thing, and the dyed Han was still wet. He was greatly surprised by its beauty. There were no people traveling from the north to the south, and he said, but Liu Jing was walking two or three miles behind. Gongxi said: "Mo Yes or no? "Jing Bai said: "I actually saw that the imperial attendants chanted and praised me, and they often had allegorical themes. " He took the blame and bowed again. The public counselor sighed and left after a long time. Bi returned to Jingque, and his disciples Han and Han came down and said: "Liu Jing will be a genius in the future, and his literature will be extraordinary. From now on, I can stay with you in the academy, sleep, eat, and drink, just like you. I will no longer give instructions. "In the third year of his life, all the articles he wrote were of excellent diction and theory. Anyone who became famous again would be summoned by the public to study at Pifa Temple and become a provincial leader.
Liu Zhan's father was a poor scholar in his teens. At that time, he was beside Zheng Jinyin, managing pens, inks, inkstones and other study utensils. When he was eighteen or nineteen years old, Zheng Jinyin became the censor and went to inspect Shangshan in Jingbu. He rested in a pavilion overlooking the mountains and rivers. Just after the rain, the sky cleared, the mountains were beautiful, the rocks were beautiful, and the springs and rocks were particularly beautiful. After sitting there for a long time, Zheng Jin got up and walked for five or six miles and said, "I didn't write a poem about such beautiful scenery. I just watched it until it got dark." What does it matter? "So he returned to the pavilion and wanted to inscribe a poem on the pavilion. He suddenly found that a quatrain had been inscribed on the pavilion, and the ink had not yet dried. Zheng Jin was surprised by how well the poem was written. At that time, the north and south directions were both different. There were no travelers. The people accompanying him said to Zheng Jinyin, "Only Liu Jing was two or three miles behind.
Zheng Jinyin joked with Liu Jing and said, "Did you ask the question?" Liu Jing bowed and said, "It was because I saw you enjoying the scenery that I became interested in it, so I wrote this humble poem and inscribed it on it." "After saying self-examination, he bowed again. Zheng Jinyin praised him for a long time before leaving. When he returned to the capital during this inspection, Zheng Jinyin said to his descendants Zheng Han, Zheng Han and others: "Liu Jing will be a talent in the future. There must be some superhuman achievement in literature. From now on, let him come to the academy with you, and the accommodation and food standards will be no different from yours. I no longer treat him as a servant. "Three years later, Liu Jing's articles were very eloquent and he was admitted to the imperial examination. Zheng Jin recommended him to become the provincial clear-level scholar of Pifa Temple. The son Liu Jing gave birth to was Liu Zhan, who later took the imperial examination. He was admitted and eventually became the prime minister. 6. The answer to this reading of Du Ji's biography
Du Ji, courtesy name Bohou, lost his father when he was young. His stepmother was very harsh on him, but he was very filial to her. 2. At the age of ten, he served as a county magistrate and the county magistrate of Zheng County. There were hundreds of prisoners in the county. Du Ji personally tried the cases and judged them according to the seriousness of their crimes. After all, they were released, although not necessarily. Everything was appropriate, but people in the county were surprised by his youth and ambition. He was elected as Xiaolian and was transferred to the position of Prime Minister of Hanzhong. When the world was in chaos, he abandoned his official position and lived in Jingzhou. General Xun Yu did not return until the Jian'an period. He recommended it to Taizu, who appointed him as the governor of Hedong. At that time, all the counties and counties in the country were in turmoil and people's livelihood was in decline. Only Hedong was the first to be stable and consumed the least financial resources. He advocated generosity and benevolence and managed the people. Let nature take its course. There were people who were involved in lawsuits. Some people told Du Ji about it. Du Ji met them in person, explained the truth to them, and asked them to go back and think about it carefully. If they still couldn't figure it out, he asked them to do it. Then come to the government (tell them again). The villagers naturally scolded them and said: "With such a good master, why don't you follow his teachings? "From then on, few people came to file lawsuits. In the counties under his jurisdiction, all filial sons, chaste wives, and obedient grandchildren were exempted from taxes and corvees, and they were comforted and encouraged at any time. Gradually, the people were urged to raise cows and grass. There are regulations for raising horses, chickens, pigs, dogs, etc. The people are diligent in farming, and every family is relatively wealthy. Du Ji then said: "When the people become rich, they must educate themselves." So he practiced martial arts in winter and taught relevant knowledge, and opened schools. Du Ji taught in person, and good folk customs were formed in the county. When Han Sui and Ma Chao rebelled, most of the counties of Hongnong and Fengyi responded. Although Hedong County was far away from the bandits, It was very close, but the people were not dissatisfied. Taizu marched westward to Puban and stationed troops on the other side of the Wei River from the bandits. All the military supplies were supplied by Hedong. When the bandits were defeated, there was still more than 200,000 hu of food left. Taizu sent out to Hanzhong, and Du Ji sent. Five thousand people were transporting food. The people transporting food encouraged each other and said: "Everyone is destined to die, but we must not let down our ruler." "In the end, no one became a deserter. This is how Du Ji won the hearts of the people. After the establishment of the Wei State, Du Ji was appointed as the minister. After everything was done (the establishment of the country), there was another imperial order: "In the past, Xiao He pacified Guanzhong, and Kou Xun You have the same great achievements as them in pacifying Hanoi, and you will be given the post of admonishment soon. However, considering that Hedong is an important county in the country and a place to replenish the national treasury, which can conquer the world, I would like to trouble you to sit there for the time being. "Du Ji served as an official in Hedong for sixteen years, and Hedong County was always the best-governed place in the country.