1. Bismarck pinyin: [bǐsīmài].

2. Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (German: Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck; April 1, 1815 - July 30, 1898), [1] the first chancellor of the German Empire (1871-1890), known as the "Iron Chancellor" (German: Eiserner Kanzler; "iron" refers to weapons, "blood" refers to war), "Germany's architect" and "Germany's navigator".

3. When Bismarck was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Prussia, he launched the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 and won. In 1870, the Franco-Prussian War was launched and the French army was defeated. At the end of the year, the four southern German states joined the German Confederation and established the German Empire. Bismarck became Chancellor of the German Empire and Prime Minister of Prussia. Bismarck relied on the "iron and blood policy" to unify Germany from top to bottom, and also helped the French government of Versailles suppress the Paris Commune. Internally, he promulgated the "Extraordinary Law on Anti-Socialists" and brutally suppressed the labor movement; externally, he tried to use alliance policies to establish Germany's hegemony in Europe. He was dismissed by Kaiser Wilhelm II in March 1890. When Bismarck stepped down, he was created Duke of Lauenburg. Thereafter he lived for a long time at the Friedrichslu estate near Hamburg. Bismarck died of illness on July 30, 1898, at the age of 83.

4. Bismarck was a conservative and upheld authoritarianism; but he passed legislation and established the world's earliest workers' pensions, health and medical insurance systems, and social insurance. Bismarck manipulated diplomacy and became a prominent figure on the European political stage in the second half of the 19th century. He is the author of the memoir "Thoughts and Memories".