1. Mencius’s verses: What is life and what is meaning? You can’t have both, so and so

Mencius’s verses: Life is what I want, what is meaning , that’s what I want, you can’t have both, you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness.

Fish is what I want

Dynasty: Pre-Qin

Author: Mencius and his disciples

Fish is what I want , Bear The palm is what I want. You can't have both. You'd rather give up the fish and take the bear's paw. Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want. You cannot have both, and you must sacrifice life for righteousness. Life is what I want, and what I want is more than life, so I don't want to get it. Death is also what I hate, but what I hate is even worse than the dead, so I cannot cure my suffering. If there is nothing more that people want than life, then why not use anything that can lead to life. If there is nothing more evil that can be done to a person than the dead, then why not do whatever can be done to save the patient! Because of this, it is born and there is no use; because of this, it is possible to avoid troubles but there is no need to do anything. Therefore, what one desires is more than the living, and what one hates is more than the dead. Not only sages have this mind, but everyone has it. A sage will not lose his ears.

A basket of food and a bean soup, if you get it, you will live, if you don't get it, you will die. If you give him a call, you will not be tolerated by those who practice the Tao; if you give him a call, you will be looked down upon by beggars.

Wan Zhong accepts it without arguing about etiquette and righteousness. How can Wan Zhong add anything to me! For the beauty of the palace, the support of wives and concubines, should I give it to the poor people I know? I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I want it because of the beauty of the palace; I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I can give it to my wives and concubines; I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I want it for the poor people I know. ：Is this not possible? This is called losing one's original intention. 2. What Mencius’ poem do I want to be good at?

“May I ask Master, how long does it take to be evil?” He said: “I know what to say, and I am good at nourishing my aura of awe-inspiringness.” “May I ask, what is the aura of awe-inspiringness?”

Said: "It's hard to describe. It's Qi, it's very big and strong, it's upright and harmless, and it's blocked between heaven and earth. It's Qi, it matches righteousness and Tao; if it's not, it's discouraged." This is what is born from the collection of righteousness. If you do not stick to your heart, you will be discouraged. Therefore, I say that if you don’t know the righteousness, there must be something outside of it, and your heart will not be correct. Don't forget, don't help it grow. It's not like the people of the Song Dynasty. Some people in the Song Dynasty picked up the seedlings and said, "I'm sick today, so I'll help the seedlings grow." If you look at it, the seedlings are dying. There are very few people in the world who don't help the seedlings and abandon them because they think it is useless. Those who help the seedlings are not doing anything but harming them. . ” 3. Mencius’ famous poems

A gentleman is magnanimous, and a villain is always happy. Confucius’ famous sayings.

A gentleman knows the rules, so he treats people and things as if he were walking on a flat road, feeling safe and comfortable. A small person's mind is often obsessed with things, worrying about gains and losses, so he often has a feeling of sadness.

A gentleman has a lifetime of happiness and no worries for a day. A villain has a lifetime of worries but no happiness for a day. This has the same meaning. A gentleman seeks for himself, while a villain seeks for others. Confucius' famous saying.

The four views in "The Analects of Confucius" have the same purpose but slightly different texts. "Xueer" contains: "Confucius said: 'If you don't worry about others, you don't know yourself; when you worry, you don't know others.

'" It means that you don't have to worry about others not knowing me. What you should worry about is that I don't know others. Learning without thinking is a waste; thinking without learning is peril. Confucius' famous saying.

"唔" means confusion. "Peril" has two meanings: one is critical, which means uncertainty.

One is exhausted, mentally exhausted and has no gain. When solved in the past.

This sentence can be combined with the chapter "Learning the New by Reviewing the Past". Confucius first advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, which had a profound influence on Confucian disciples.

For example, Zixia talks about being erudite and thinking carefully, and "The Doctrine of the Mean" talks about learning and thinking carefully, both of which believe that learning and thinking cannot be neglected. Be sensitive to things but cautious in speaking. Confucius' famous saying.

The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xueer": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman has nothing to eat and nothing to live in, and he has no desire to live in peace. He is quick in things but careful in what he says.'" Also in "The Analects of Confucius·Li Ren": " A gentleman wants to be slow in words but quick in deeds."

The meaning is the same. It means to be diligent and quick in doing things, but cautious in speaking. (1) Not following the rules, not making things right.

Without compasses and rulers, squares and circles cannot be drawn correctly. (2) Quan, then determine the severity; degree, then know the length.

Only when a translation is weighed can one know its importance; only by measuring it can one know its length. (3) People do not do anything, and then they can do something.

The translator has to do something in order to be able to do something. (4) Although there are things that are easy to grow in the world, if they are violent in one day and cold in ten days, nothing can survive.

Even if there is a plant that is the easiest to grow, if you expose it to the sun for one day and freeze it for ten days, nothing will grow again. (5) Those who advance sharply will retreat quickly.

Translation: People who move forward too quickly will retreat too quickly. (6) The organ of the heart is thinking, thinking is what you get, and if you don’t think, you can’t get it.

Translation: The organ of the heart is responsible for thinking. Only by thinking can we obtain, but without thinking we cannot obtain. (7) Born in sorrow and died in happiness.

Translation: Sorrow and harm are enough to make people survive, and comfort and happiness are enough to make people die. (8) Only benevolent people should be in high positions.

To be unkind and in a high position is to spread evil among others. Translation Only benevolent people with high moral standards should be in a dominant position.

If an unkind person with low morals is in a dominant position, his evil will be spread to the masses. (9) If the emperor is unkind, he will not protect the world; if the princes are unkind, he will not protect the country; if the ministers and officials are unkind, they will not protect the ancestral temple; if the scholars and common people are unkind, they will not protect the four bodies.

Translation: If the emperor is not benevolent, he cannot preserve his empire; if the princes are not benevolent, they cannot preserve their country; if ministers and officials are not benevolent, they cannot preserve their ancestral temples; if ordinary people are not benevolent, they cannot preserve their own Body. (10) If the king is benevolent, he will be invincible in the world.

Translation: If the monarch of a country loves benevolence, there will be no rivals in the world. (11) Save penalties, reduce taxes, and make farming easier (n^u).

The translation reduces penalties and reduces taxes, so that people can cultivate deeply and carefully and get rid of filthy weeds early. (12) The benevolent are invincible.

Translation: A virtuous person is invincible in the world. (13) For a five-acre house with mulberry trees, a person in his fifties can wear silk.

Chickens, dolphins, dogs and pigs will not lose their season, and those who are seventy years old can eat meat. If you do not take away a hundred acres of land, then a family of eight will not be hungry.

I respect the teachings of Xiangxu, apply the meaning of filial piety and brotherhood, and award the white ones to live up to the road. Translation: If each family is given a house with five acres of land, and mulberry trees are planted around it, people over fifty years old can wear silk cotton jackets.

Domestic animals such as chickens, dogs and pigs have the power to raise and reproduce. Then, people over the age of seventy will have meat to eat. The family gave him one hundred acres of land and did not hinder his production, so that the family of eight could have enough to eat.

Run schools at all levels well, and educate them repeatedly with the principles of filial piety and respect for brothers. Then the old people with gray hair and beards will have someone to do the work for them, and they will not have to carry things on their heads and shoulders on the road. Walked. (14) By changing the fields and reducing taxes, the people can become rich.

Translation Doing farming well and reducing taxes can make the people rich. (15) If a king is benevolent, he will never be unkind; if a king is righteous, he will never be unjust; if a king is upright, he will never be unrighteous.

Translation: If the monarch is benevolent, no one will be unkind; if the monarch is righteous, no one will be unjust; if the monarch is upright, no one will be unrighteous. (16) If you enjoy the people's happiness, the people will also enjoy their happiness; if you care about the people's worries, the people will also worry about their worries.

Translation: He who takes the happiness of the people as his own happiness, the people will also take the happiness of the king as their own happiness; he who takes the sorrow of the people as his own sorrow, the people will also take the sorrow of the king as their own of sorrow. (17) Benevolence brings honor, and unkindness brings disgrace.

Translation: If the princes and ministers implement benevolent government, they will have glory; if they implement unbenevolent government, they will suffer humiliation. (18) Those who have permanent property have perseverance, and those who do not have perseverance have no perseverance.

If you don’t have perseverance, you will do anything to ward off evil spirits. Translation Only those who have a certain amount of industrial income have certain moral concepts and codes of conduct. People who do not have a certain amount of industrial income will not have certain moral concepts and codes of conduct.

If you don’t have certain moral concepts and codes of conduct, you will act recklessly, violate laws and disciplines, and do anything. (19) Fighting for land and killing people will fill the fields; fighting for cities and killing people will fill the city. This is called taking advantage of the land and cannibalizing human flesh, and the crime is not punishable by death.

Translation: Fighting for the land, killing people everywhere; fighting for the city, killing people all over the city, this is leading the land to eat human flesh, and even the death penalty is not enough to redeem them. sin. (20) If the king regards his ministers as his hands and feet, then his ministers will regard him as his heart; if his ministers regard his ministers as dogs and horses, his ministers will regard him as a fellow countryman; if his ministers regard his ministers as earth and mustard, then his ministers will regard him as a bandit.

Translation: If the monarch regards his ministers as his brothers and sisters, the ministers will regard the monarch as their confidant; If the monarch regards his ministers as cattle and horses, the ministers will regard the monarch as an ordinary person they meet on the road; The monarch will regard his ministers as ordinary people If it turns into soil or weeds, the ministers will regard the monarch as an enemy. (21) Fish is what I want, and bear’s paws are also what I want; you cannot have both, and you would give up fish and take bear’s paws.

Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want. You cannot have both, and you have to sacrifice life for righteousness. Translation: Fish is what I like to eat, and bear paws are also what I like to eat; if I cannot eat both, I will throw away the fish and eat the bear paws.

Life is what I love, and righteousness is also what I love; if both. 4. Mencius's famous poems

I hope it will be helpful to you: A grown-up is a person who has not lost his innocent heart.

The benevolent are invincible. When it comes to animals, a gentleman can't bear to see them alive and can't bear to see them die; he can't bear to eat their flesh when he hears their sounds.

Therefore, a gentleman cooks at a distance. When I am old, I am in harmony with others; when I am young, I am in harmony with others.

The world can be transported in the palm of your hand. If you enjoy the people's happiness, the people will also enjoy their happiness; if you care about the people's worries, the people will also worry about their worries.

He is happy with the world and worried about the world. However, there is no such thing as a king. Keep your ambition and don't be angry.

I know words and I am good at cultivating my awe-inspiring spirit. Being tireless in learning is wisdom; being tireless in teaching is benevolence.

The Master is both benevolent and wise. The Master is a sage. Governance leads to advancement, chaos leads to retreat.

A person who has no compassion is not a human being; a person who does not have a heart of shame and disgust is not a human being; a person who does not have a heart of resignation is not a human being; a person who does not have a heart of right and wrong is not a human being. Compassion is the essence of benevolence.

A heart of shame and disgust is the root of righteousness. The heart of resignation is the basis of etiquette.

The heart of right and wrong is the basis of wisdom. Human beings have four ends, just as they have four bodies.

Therefore, a gentleman should never be kind to others. The weather is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the people.

A gentleman will not spare his relatives for the sake of the world. A gentleman does not complain about heaven or blame others.

That moment is the same as this moment. If I want to rule the world peacefully, who else can I do in this world? Why should I not hesitate? In life, things should be done with propriety; in death, burials should be done with propriety, and sacrifices should be done with propriety, which can be called filial piety.

If there are good people at the top, there must be bad people at the bottom. The virtue of a gentleman is like the wind, and the virtue of a villain is like the grass.

Civil rights cannot be suspended. Therefore, it is said: Either you work your mind or you work hard; those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern others; those who govern others eat people, and those who govern others eat others. This is the universal meaning of the world.

Father and son are related, monarch and ministers are righteous, husband and wife are different, elders and children are related, and friends are trustworthy. To live in the broadest place in the world, to establish the right position in the world, to walk the great road of the world; to achieve the will, and follow the people; if not to achieve the ambition, walk alone.

Wealth and honor cannot be kinky, poverty and lowliness cannot be moved, and power cannot be surrendered. This is called a true man. It is not okay to eat without having anything to do.

If the emperor is unkind, he will not protect the world; if the princes are unkind, he will not protect the country; if the ministers and officials are unkind, they will not protect the ancestral temple; if the scholars and common people are unkind, they will not protect the four bodies. Those who abuse themselves cannot be talked to; those who give up on themselves cannot be talked to.

If the road is near, look for things that are far away; if things are easy, look for things that are difficult. Those who love others will always be loved by others; those who respect others will always be respected by others.

There is no other way to learn, just ask for peace of mind. Born in sorrow and died in happiness.

One cannot be shameless. If you are poor, you can benefit yourself; if you are rich, you can help the world.

A gentleman has three kinds of happiness: having parents and brothers together without any reason is the first kind of happiness; looking up to the sky and not being ashamed of it, being bowed down and not being sullen is the second kind of happiness. Obtaining the world's talents and educating them are the three joys.

The Spring and Autumn Period was a time of unjust war. It is better to have no books than to believe in all the books.

The people are the most important, the country is the second most important, and the king is the least important. The sage used his enlightenment to make others enlighten, but now he uses his faintness to make others enlighten.

Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want. You cannot have both, and you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness. Mencius said: "If you love others without being close to them, you will be benevolent; if you treat others without treating them, you will be wise; if you do not respond to others with courtesy, it will be contrary to their respect - those who fail to do what they do will seek others from themselves, and if they are upright, the world will return to them." < /p>

(Li Lou 1) [Translation] (Mencius said:) "If you love others but they don't get close to you, then you should reflect on whether your kindness is enough; if you manage the people but cannot manage them well, then you should reflect on your own talents. If you treat others with courtesy and do not reciprocate, you must reflect on whether your respect is enough. If any behavior does not achieve results, you must check yourself. As long as you are upright, the people of the world will obey you. ” p>

Mencius said: "People have always said, 'The country under heaven'. The foundation of the world lies in the country, the foundation of the country lies in the home, and the foundation of the family lies in the body."

(Li Lou Shang) [ Translation] (Mencius said:) "People have a common saying, they all say 'the world and the country'. The foundation of the world lies in the country, the foundation of the country lies in the family, and the foundation of the family lies in the individual."

Mencius said : "The wife must insult herself, and then others will insult her; the family must destroy herself, and then others will destroy it; the country must cut down on itself, and then others will cut it down." (Li Lou Shang) [Translation] (Mencius said:) "A man has Only for the sake of self-inflicted insult will others insult him; only when a family has its own reasons for destruction can others destroy it; only when a country has its own reasons for being attacked can others attack it. ”

Mencius said: "There is a reputation for not worrying, and there is a reputation for seeking perfection." (Li Lou 1) [Translation] (Mencius said:) "There are unexpected praises, and there are also excessively harsh slanders."

Mencius said: "It is easy for people to speak easily, and there is no need to blame their ears." (Li Lou 1) [Translation] (Mencius said:) "If a person says everything easily, there will be many mistakes. , it is not enough to blame him."

Mencius said: "The trouble with people is to be a teacher." (Li Lou 1) [Translation] (Mencius said:) "A person (hinders his own progress). The bad thing about him is that he is so complacent that he always likes to be someone else's teacher."

Mencius said: "Zhong Ni is not a person who is too selfish." (Li Lou 2) [Translation] (Mencius said: ) "Confucius was a man who would not do excessive things."

Mencius said: "If Xizi is unclean, everyone will cover their noses and pass by it; even if there are evil people, they can be worshiped and bathed in the army. "God." (Li Lou Xia) [Translation] (Mencius said:) "If Xi Zishi is dirty, others will cover their noses when they walk by her; even though he is an ugly person, if he is bathing in a fast way, , can also offer sacrifices to God."

Mencius said: "There are five so-called unfilial persons in the world: the four branches of the Sui Dynasty are unfilial, regardless of the support of parents; the first is unfilial; the desire for gambling and drinking, and the second is unfilial. The third kind of unfilial piety is being greedy for money, having an unfilial wife, and not caring about the support of parents. The fourth kind of unfilial piety is to follow the desires of the ears and eyes and thinking that one's parents are being killed, the fourth kind of unfilial piety. The fifth kind of unfilial piety is being fond of fighting and ruthlessly endangering one's parents.

"(Li Lou 2) [Translation] (Mencius said:) "People in the world often say that there are five things that are unfilial: being lazy in the limbs and not caring about their parents' lives is unfilial; being fond of playing chess and drinking, not caring about their parents The second is unfilial piety; being greedy for money, favoring wives and children, and not caring about the lives of parents is the third unfilial piety; indulging the desires of the eyes and ears, bringing shame to parents, is the fourth unfilial piety; being brave and prone to fighting, harming parents, is the fifth unfilial piety. ”

Mencius said: “Everyone has a heart of compassion; everyone has a heart of shame and disgust; everyone has a heart of respect; everyone has a heart of right and wrong.” The heart of compassion is benevolence; the heart of shame and hatred is righteousness; the heart of respect is courtesy; the heart of right and wrong is wisdom.

Benevolence, justice, propriety and wisdom are not inherent in us, I have heard from you. "(Gaozi 1) [Translation] (Mencius said:) "Everyone has the heart to sympathize with others; everyone has the heart to know shame; everyone has the heart to respect others; the heart to distinguish right from wrong, everyone has it. Everyone has it.

Compassion belongs. 5. What are the verses of Mencius?

Mencius’ verses: 1. If you gain the right, you will get many help, but if you lose the right, you will get few.

A city of three miles and a country of seven miles can be surrounded and attacked without victory. If you attack the husband's ring, you will definitely get the right time. However, if you don't win, the right time is not as good as the right place.

The city is not too high, the pond is not not deep, the military and military revolution are not not strong, and the rice and millet are not not abundant. If we leave them behind, the land is not as good as the people. Therefore, it is said that the people of the region do not rely on the boundaries of the frontier, the dangers of mountains and rivers to consolidate the country, and the benefits of military revolution to dominate the world.

Those who have gained the right will get many help, while those who have lost the right will have little help. When there is little help, relatives are nearby.

The more help you can get, the better the world will be. If the world is in obedience, attack where the relatives are. Therefore, if a gentleman does not fight, he will win in battle.

Translation: Mencius said: “The weather conditions that are conducive to combat are not as good as the geographical situation that is conducive to combat, and the geographical situation that is conducive to combat is not as good as the people’s aspiration and internal unity during combat. "The inner city with a radius of three li and the outer city with a radius of seven li surrounded and attacked it, but they couldn't win.

To surround and attack it, you must have weather conditions (conducive to combat), but you cannot win because the weather conditions (conducive to combat) are not as good as (conducive to combat). geographical situation. The city wall is not too high, the moat is not too deep, the weapons and equipment are not not sharp, and the food is not insufficient, but the defenders abandoned the city and fled. This is because the geographical situation (conducive to combat) is not as good as the people's aspirations during the battle. , Unity from top to bottom.

Therefore: To make people settle down instead of moving to other places, we cannot rely on demarcating territorial boundaries, to consolidate national defense, we cannot rely on the dangers of mountains and rivers, and to deter the world, we cannot rely on the strength of weapons and equipment. Those who practice benevolent government will have more people who will help and support them; those who do not practice benevolent government will have fewer people who will help and support them.

There are so few people helping him that relatives inside and outside will betray him. Many people helped him to the extreme, and everyone in the world surrendered to him.

Relying on the condition that everyone in the world submits to him, he attacks those who have betrayed him, both internal and external relatives. Therefore, if a gentleman does not fight, he will definitely win. 2. Fish is what I want; fish is what I want; bear paws are also what I want.

You can't have both, you're just taking the bear's paws instead of the fish. Life is what I want; righteousness is what I want.

You can't have both, you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness. Life is what I want, and what I want is more than life, so I can't get it. Death is what I hate (wù), and what I hate is more than the dead, so I can't get rid of it (bì).

If there is nothing more people want than to live, then why not use anything that can lead to life? There is nothing more evil that can be done to a person than the dead, so why not do anything that can be done to save the patient? Because of this, it is born that there is no need for it; because of this, it is possible to avoid trouble but there is no need to do anything. Therefore, what one desires is more than the living, and what one hates is more than the dead.

Not only sages have this mind, but everyone has it. A sage will not lose his ears. A basket of food, a bean soup, if you get it, you will live, if you don't get it, you will die.

If you give it to someone by shouting, it will not be tolerated by those who practice Taoism; if you give it to someone by asking, it will be looked down upon by beggars. Wan Zhong accepts it without arguing about etiquette and righteousness. How can Wan Zhong add anything to me? For the beauty of the palace and the support of wives and concubines, should I give it to the poor people I know? The countryside (xiàng) was not received by (wèi) after the body died, and now it is the beauty of the palace (wéi); the hometown was not received by the body after death, but now it is for the wives and concubines; the hometown is not received by the body after death, now it is I know that those who are in need are willing to take care of me: Is this not possible? This is called losing one's original intention.

Translation: Fish is what I want, and bear paws are also what I want. If these two things cannot be obtained at the same time, then I would rather abandon the fish and choose bear paws. Life is what I want, and justice is also what I want. If I cannot get these two things at the same time, then I would rather sacrifice my life and choose righteousness.

Life is what I want, but there is something I want better than life, so I don’t do anything to survive; death is what I hate, but what I hate is still There are things beyond death, so I will not avoid certain disasters.

If there is nothing more important than life that people want, then what means cannot be used that can preserve life? If there is nothing that people hate more than death, then what bad thing can they not do that can be used to avoid disaster? You can survive by adopting a certain method, but some people are unwilling to adopt it; you can avoid disaster by adopting a certain method, but some people are unwilling to adopt it.

It can be seen that what they love is more precious than life (that is, "righteousness"); what they hate is something more serious than death (that is, "unrighteousness") . Not only sages have this kind of thinking, but everyone has it, it's just that sages don't throw it away.

A bowl of rice and a bowl of soup. If you eat it, you can live. If you don't eat it, you will starve to death. But even if you scold and give food to others, the hungry people passing by will not accept it; if you kick it with your feet and give it to others, beggars will not accept it either.

(But some people) accept the generous salary without discerning whether it is in line with etiquette and justice. In this way, what good does a generous salary do to me? Is it because of the splendor of my residence, the service of my wives and concubines, and the gratitude of the poor people I know? In the past (someone) (someone) would rather die for (morality) than accept (other people's charity), but now (someone) accepts it for the beauty of the house; in the past (someone) would rather die for (morality) than accept it Accept (alms from others), but now (someone) accepts it in order to get the service of wives and concubines.

In the past, (someone) would rather die than accept (other people's charity) for the sake of (morality), but now (someone) accepts it in order to make the poor and needy people they know appreciate their kindness. . Can't this (behavior) stop? This is called losing human nature (referring to shame and shame).

3. The king looked around and talked about him. Mencius said to King Xuan of Qi: "There is a minister of the king who entrusts his wife to his friends to travel to Chu. On the contrary, his wife will be cold and discouraged. So what?" The king said, "Abandon it."

He said, "If a scholar cannot govern a scholar, then what?" The king said, "That's all." If there is no internal cure, what will happen?" Wang Gu asked him.

Translation: Mencius said to King Qi Xuan: "(Suppose) the king has a minister who entrusts his wife and children to a friend and travels to Chu State. When he came back, his friend made him His wife and children are hungry and cold, so what should we do with him?" King Xuan of Qi said: "Break off relations with him."

Mencius said: "(If) the judge cannot manage his subordinates well, then what should he do? What should he do?" King Xuan of Qi said: "Depose him." Mencius said: "If a country is not governed well, then it is right.