Brief introduction of Fu Shan's life
Fu Shan (1607.8.11-1684.8.2) was a Taoist thinker, calligrapher and physician in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The first name is Chen Ding, the word is Green Bamboo, and the word is changed to Green Master. There are also aliases such as turbid Weng and Huaguan. Han nationality, Taiyuan, Shanxi.
He is a famous Taoist scholar who knows everything about philosophy, medicine, inner alchemy, Confucianism and Buddhism, poetry, calligraphy, painting, epigraphy, martial arts and textual research. He was regarded as a model figure in safeguarding national unity in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
Together with Gu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, Li and Yan Yuan, they are called "six masters in the early Qing Dynasty". He wrote "Gynecology in Fu Qingzhu" and "Andrology in Fu Qingzhu", which were handed down from generation to generation and were known as "medical sages" at that time. Fu Shan knew everything about learning. Besides the history, he was also familiar with the pre-Qin philosophers and was good at calligraphy and painting medicine.
Extended data:
Introduction to this book:
1, Gynecology of Fu Qingzhu
Two volumes of Gynecology Works, written by Fu Shan in Qing Dynasty, was published in the seventh year of Daoguang (1827). The volume of this book is divided into five volumes: leucorrhea, bloody collapse, ghost pregnancy, menstruation regulation and seeds. Each branch is divided into several syndromes, including 38 syndromes, 39 diseases and 465,438+0 prescriptions.
Volume II is divided into five syndromes of pregnancy, abortion, dystocia, normal delivery and postpartum, ***39 syndromes, 4 1 syndrome and 42 prescriptions. This book uses the viscera theory of traditional Chinese medicine to clarify the physiological and pathological characteristics of women and the clinical manifestations of various diseases.
Diagnosis and syndrome differentiation are mainly based on lung, spleen and kidney, and treatment is mainly based on nourishing qi and blood and regulating spleen and stomach. The book is simple in writing, concise in discussion and rigorous in method, and most prescriptions are concise and effective.
2. "Fu Qingzhu andrology"
Books on internal medicine, two volumes. Written by Qing Fu Shan. The original manuscript was published on 1827.
This book focuses on the treatment of miscellaneous diseases in internal medicine, and is divided into 23 branches, such as typhoid fever, fire syndrome and depression syndrome. Each branch is divided into disease syndromes, which will be discussed later. Analyze the etiology and pathogenesis of each disease, and determine the treatment prescription. Miscellaneous prescriptions, pediatrics, gynecology, etc. Attached at the end, the contents of gynecology are mostly not included in gynecology in Fu Qingzhu. There are more than 20 kinds of clear editions.
Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Fu Shan
Why was Fu Shan called the hardest man in the North in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties?
Fu Shan, who knows calligraphy, may know that his old man is just a calligrapher. But if you only think that he is a calligrapher, then your knowledge is too short. The level of Fu Shan is simply staggering. Let me tell you how good Fu Shan really is.
Fu Shan was born in 1607 and died in 1684. He was a thinker and great calligrapher in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Fu Shan was originally named Shan, then changed to Shan, and then changed to Shan. There are many names, such as Taoist Stone, Qiao Shan and Gongta. After entering the Qing Dynasty, it was also called Zhenshan, Taoist and Weng.
Fu Shan's home is in Yangqu, Shanxi (now the suburb of Taiyuan, Shanxi).
The four screens of this cursive script are the representative works of Fu Shan's wild grass, and the ink and pen are thick and powerful. The whole work is magnificent and awe-inspiring. The layout is orderly, the structure is compact and concise, the characters are dense, and the lines are complicated to open and close. From a distance, if the whole work is intermittent and tangled, then it changes in unity, and it is arbitrary if it does not exceed the moment.
Fu Qingzhu read widely. At that time, people praised his knowledge as extensive as the sea (Xuehai). It can be said that he is an encyclopedic scholar. He has profound attainments in Confucian classics, pre-Qin Confucianism, Buddhist scriptures, medicine, calligraphy, painting, poetry, phonology, exegesis and even martial arts. His wide coverage and great achievements are also available in the world. In particular, he lived in the unstable era of war in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and it is a miracle that he can achieve such achievements.
He was a calligrapher and was recommended as the first person in the early Qing Dynasty. "Huai 'an County Records" records that after Fu Qingzhu arrived in Huai 'an, "Miaoshan poetry became famous all over the world, and Huai 'an people sought poetry, and the threshold was broken. It is also considered that the people in Huaishang resent the people's morality. " People who come here to ask him for calligraphy and poetry are almost breaking the threshold! Moreover, wherever he went, he stood up when the road was bumpy, vindicating the people and winning their love.
At that time, Fu Shan, who was in the literary style of East Zhao, had also studied Zhao Meng _, but later he was very interested in Zhao Zi. "I don't like Zhao Ziang very much, but I hate his books because I despise him. If I look carefully, I can't blame it. I am mature and charming, and I still have a positive pulse. There has been a little change since Lanting gathered momentum, which is also a fate to compete with the times. It's not just an article. " (A Collection of Xiao Sheng Shuang Hong), a typical assertion in the history of calligraphy criticism that "books are like people" is naturally related to the special period when he was born. He also said that "writing creates people first, and people have strange characters since ancient times. The outline is always against Kong Zhou, and pen and ink are irreplaceable. " ("Writing Words to Show Children and grandchildren"), this kind of exposition was undoubtedly a sobering agent for the early Qing Dynasty when "slave books" prevailed at that time. He strongly advocated that "Ning Zhuo is not smart, rather ugly than flattering, rather fragments are not smooth, rather true than arranged." For more than 300 years, his artistic thoughts have been highly respected.
He is a painter, and his paintings are similar to those of Badashan people. The Book of Painting and Calligraphy commented that "Chou He is a Jew outside the town, and its talents are unparalleled at sea. People can't know everything." Praise his landscape painting for breaking through traditional techniques and being outstanding in the world.
Fu Shan is proficient in Confucian classics, philosophers, and interpretation of the old, and he has written 40 volumes of first frost Hongniche. Good calligraphy and painting, fine appreciation, open the source of epigraphy in Qing Dynasty. In literature and art, he is a pioneer of ideological enlightenment with critical and creative spirit.
In poetry, writing, calligraphy and painting, Fu Shan is good at learning and using it skillfully, and has made great achievements. Among Confucianism in the early Qing Dynasty, his extensive knowledge and great achievements are unparalleled. Fu Shan's calligraphy is known as "the first writer in the early Qing Dynasty". Fu Qingzhu's calligraphy tradition has a deep foundation. The whole "A Brief Introduction to Mr. Yangqu" says: "Gongshu, arrogant Xiao Zhuan, below the official rank, are all fine painters." His short play "Qian Wen" caught up with Zhong Wang, simple and Gu Zhuo. He started in Zhong You at the age of eight or nine, and later studied Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing. By the age of twenty, I had "spread the regular script of Jin and Tang Dynasties all over the place". He likes to write books with seal script, attaches importance to bone strength, admires calligraphy, participates in Zhong Wang's interest, and is influenced by Wang Duo's calligraphy style, thus forming his own unique features, which made him famous before middle age. His paintings have also reached a high artistic level. The landscapes, plums, orchids and bamboos are exquisite and incomparable, and they are listed in one product. "Painting Spectrum" said: "Fu Qingzhu painted landscapes without much rubbing. The hills and valleys are Leike, the bones win, and the ink bamboo is also angry. " His paintings and calligraphy are permeated with his noble character and patriotism, and won high praise from later generations in China's classical painting and calligraphy art.
Fu Shan was intelligent, enlightened, chivalrous and upright since childhood. He is a genius saint, an extremely elegant figure, a strange person with the greatest feelings, and a real martial arts master. Historians call him "the natural Ren Xia", and there are also some sentences in his poems, such as "I cherish the skill of swordsmanship" and "I grind my sword on my roots, and gold and iron resound all over the mountain".
But the stronger evidence is that 1984 found a boxing score named "Fushan Boxing Method" in Lingshi County, Shaanxi Province, which was identified as written by Fu Qingzhu. According to Gypsum Mountain Records, in the spring of the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1647), Master Qing and his son Fu Mei went to Tiankong Temple in Lingshi County, Shanxi Province to demonstrate meditation and Wu Qin opera, which were spread to Master Cheng, the master of the temple, and then to Wu Chengguang, a monk and local celebrity in the temple.
Indeed, it is not normal to think that young master not only took part in the anti-Qing struggle, but also dared to walk the world in the turmoil of war, without martial arts and courage. But what I admire most about Fu Qingzhu is his national integrity and great love. After the Manchu Dynasty entered the Central Plains, Fu Qingzhu, as an intellectual with backbone, participated in and supported the civil resistance movement, and was arrested and tortured for it. However, he "refused to give up, and died several times in nine days. If the master tries his best to save people, he will be spared." Emperor Kangxi issued an imperial edict, held an examination of writing and writing, and used it as a means to recruit famous Confucian scholars from all over the country. After Fu Qingzhu was forced to go to Beijing, Emperor Kangxi, who had only studied in Fu Qingzhu, exempted him from the examination form and directly awarded him the honorary office of "Mr. Scheeren in the Chinese Book". It is customary to thank the emperor for kowtowing, but the old young master knelt on the ground and never kowtowed again. In that era when autocratic authority crushed people to death, it was a rare pride.
Fu Qingzhu is a man who loves nature. He values the meaning of teachers and students. In the ninth year of Chongzhen, his teacher Yuan Jixian was framed and imprisoned. The 29-year-old young master led 100 college students to complain in Beijing. In history, it is said that "a mountain walks thousands of miles, and a case enters the cabinet." Sun Zhen's daughter, Dasuo Mountain. The mountains and plains are covered with blue clothes, and they have moved and hid, and never came back. After the salty resentment, it has become white. When it is, Yi Shan is all over the world. "(Sun Zhen, referring to the Shanxi Inspection Department Zhang who framed Yuan Jixian at that time) What is more valuable is that when Yuan Jixian was re-enabled, he became an official in Wuchang ("Huguang Wuchang Road ") and invited Fu to Wuchang, but the green owner politely declined on the grounds of" disobeying his mother for a long time "(long time no see). He values the relationship between husband and wife. He has only married one wife in his life. His beloved wife died at the age of 26, and he never married a second wife after that. He said it was because he was a Taoist, but Dai Ting _, who knew him, hit the nail on the head. "He said he heard the Tao, but he felt very heavy." 14 years later, on the road of wandering, he wrote a poem in memory of his wife, including a sentence, "Otherwise, I will live, and I can't give up in trouble", which made people cry.
Mr. Wei said that this young master is proficient in gynecology, probably because of his wife. I believe this. He values the affection between father and son. He is a good father, and has trained his son Fu Meipei to be a generalist. When Fu Mei died of illness, the young master was heartbroken and his spirit was greatly hit, and he died soon. On his deathbed, Fu Mei wrote the poem "Two Death Slogans": "Father and son struggled for sixty years, and God didn't retaliate. Suddenly the branches are useless, and the world is born with Wu and eats the destiny. " And "if the west doesn't go to heaven, it will be in my lap." If I come back, I should have a test, and my blood will be fresh. "At this point when I first read it, it was also exciting to laugh at the sky. My heart was full of thoughts and my eyes were full of tears. What a deep affection between father and son!
The young master knew that he was going to die soon. The only worry was that the two children left by Fu Mei would be bullied. So the young master, who seldom asked for help in his life, wrote to some of his officialdom friends and bowed his head to ask for help. He wrote to Li Zhenzao, saying, "The Yugong father and son have long since died, especially with their two grandsons. They are weak and helpless, so the poor bird has to jump into the old man's arms." He wrote to Wei Xiangshu, "Huan Weng knows that I am for me, which makes them small and safe. It is what Zhuangzi called life and death. " He wrote to Meng Xiong, "The family is unfortunate, the two grandchildren have lost their dependence, and there is no hurry inside and outside the home. Luo Cha invaded foreign countries and had numerous disciples. It is really difficult to support this special book, so I ask for more protection. " I don't know if these rich friends helped me later, but from these letters, I saw an old man's last mental struggle! In the letter to Dream Bear, I finally said, "Never use that pen again", which is already a last word.
Fu Shan is also a medical scientist. He has high skills in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, surgery and other subjects, especially gynecology. He is said to be a "family", not only because of his superb medical skills, but also because he has written many medical works. It is said that no matter how complicated and intractable the disease is, he can cure it by hand, and many people come to see him. Fu Shan attaches great importance to medical ethics, treats patients equally, and gives priority to the poor under the same circumstances. For those rich people or officials with bad reputation who come to seek medical treatment, they are politely declined. In this regard, he explained: "Good people suffer from good diseases, good doctors and good medicines. Gao Shuang can't cure them; Hu people suffer from Hu disease and have their own Hu doctors and Hu medicines. Serious treatment is not good. " At that time, Fu Shan had the reputation of "imperial doctor". The medical books written by were compiled by later generations as gynecology, andrology and Fu's infantry. Fu Qingzhu gynecology, in particular, is a masterpiece of Chinese medicine, which still benefits the medical profession.
Fu Shan is a traveler. He has traveled half of China. He even imagined his destination as dying in the mountains ("lying dead in the mountains"). Wang Shi _ "A Talk in Red North" of Qing Dynasty records that the father and son of Qing Dynasty "often eat porridge and medicine everywhere, pull carts, and arrive at the opposite road at dusk, and read the classics and Sao anthology in Lantern Festival class, which is acceptable." Vividly shows a picture of traveling and reading while having fun!
After Fu Qingzhu's death, "thousands of people came from all directions", and thousands of people spontaneously came to see off the wild Taoist priest, which can be said to be the best theory for his life. Fu Shan was an outstanding man, and there was no second one for more than 400 years. He is the pride of our Chinese nation and a name that will never be erased.
Brief introduction of Fu Shan.
Fu Shan, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, is known as "learning the sea". He is good at calligraphy and painting and has a wide range of knowledge. In-depth research has been made in the fields of classics, literature and poetry, Buddhist scriptures, calligraphy and painting, Zhong Ding's writings and medical skills. His ideas of "no distinction between classics and children" and "equality between classics" were the first to create a generation of ethos. His research and criticism of various scholars' works are numerous. Among the philosophers, Zhuangzi is the first book that can best reflect their ideological style.
Fu Shan, who is proud and awe-inspiring, is a maverick all his life. He has derogatory and sarcastic remarks about classics, celebrities and dignitaries. He once praised Zhuang Sheng and Zhuangzi as the supreme theory, and his love for Zhuang and Hao Zhuang was beyond words. Zhuangzi is frequently mentioned in his poems, miscellaneous notes and comments. In Fu Shan's posthumous works, there are many words praising Zhuangzi and acknowledging the continuation of Zhuang studies. His major works on Zhuangzi include Notes on the Wing of Zhuangzi, Two Books of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, Wandering around, Emperor Ying Du, Reading the Classics of the South, Zhuangzi Tianxia, Zhuangzi Lizi, Zhuangzi Qing Zi, Xun Qing Zhuangzi Review and so on.
Fu Shan paid attention to hundred schools of thought all his life, and made the deepest efforts in the book Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi's thoughts are not only the guidance of his spirit, but also the place where his mind can settle down. The way of annotation and narration shows his lively life temperament. Interpreting Zhuangzi, praising the "love" between heaven and earth, responding to the "right and wrong" of the world with a "wandering" attitude, and advocating "change" and "difference" are the three aspects that can best reflect his personal characteristics and ideological style. Through the analysis of his thoughts on Zhuang studies, we can also get a glimpse of his temperament and academic outline.
As for Zhuangzi's works, they are still "always in sight" during the wandering journey. In the severe winter covered with snow and ice in the north, many classic articles in the south are still written in neat fine print. For Laozi's works, I feel "soft tongue" without reading for three days, and it is difficult to speak. After 50 years old, I still "take notes carefully" and study hard. These vivid records show that he highly respects and attaches importance to the study of Laozi and Zhuangzi. He once said in a sparse article: "Overseas Chinese Huang Laozi, what are you laughing at?" The lacquer garden is in the clouds, in Zongye. " Here, he calls himself "Overseas Chinese, Huang Laozi" and "Lacquer Garden", calling himself a great disciple of Zhuangzi.
Looking at Fu Shan's life style and thoughts, we can see that he is essentially a Taoist character: learning is based on truth, sincerity and freedom, and opposes authoritative dogmatism. Therefore, he extremely hates the servility of slave Confucianism as a scholar: "If I were a slave, I would never find an ethereal dharma realm. I just rely on half the footnotes of my predecessors to say that I have a basic knowledge, which is just biting people's heels." From this, he strongly criticized the hypocrisy of the so-called upside down society at that time. On many occasions, in his works, he repeatedly emphasized and warned himself that "old people learn from Laozi", "I am a disciple of Zhuangzi", "I am a teacher of Zhuangzi", "I am a painter" and "Yugong and his son learn from Zhuangzi". He also said with deep affection: "I won't be soft-hearted if I don't read Laozi for three days. I used to study languages. After fifty years, I paid attention to Laozi, but I felt that my predecessors were good scholars. They only needed a lot of tongues, and they were always soft. Why? I am sitting and speculating, I can't hear you. " "Wu Zhuangweng said that Yu Xu could be a Yao and Shun man."
Laozi and Zhuangzi are rich in philosophical thoughts. According to historical records, they are self-respecting and self-loving, indifferent to human fame and fortune, unwilling to gain power all their lives, unwilling to succeed all their lives, and taking exhausting human physics as their first duty. For Fu Shan, the road of life is very similar to that of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and the ideological realm is also interlinked. All these deeply influenced Fu Shan, so he naturally became the main object of his study, making him one of the famous Taoist representatives in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.