Outline

, whose original name was Zhou Zhangshou, also known as Chang Geng, Feng Feng, Zun Gu, named Yu Shan and Cai Yu, was a native of Kuaiji County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. Mr. Lu Xun is a famous writer, thinker and democratic fighter in modern Chinese history, an important participant in the May Fourth New Culture Movement, and the founder of modern Chinese literature. At the same time, he is also a pioneer of Chinese translated literature, a pioneer of modern Chinese ideological emancipation, and a great mentor of the Chinese New Printmaking Movement. His representative works include "The Scream", "Wandering", "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening", "Weeds", "Huagai Collection", "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" and "On the Evolution of Heaven". Lu Xun had a huge impact on the ideological and cultural development of Chinese society after the May Fourth Movement, especially in the ideological and cultural fields of South Korea and Japan. He is known as "the writer who occupied the largest territory on the cultural map of East Asia in the 20th century."

Human life

Boyhood

On September 25, 1881, he was born in Xintaimen, Dongchangfang, Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Young people Zhang, Chang Gen, Chang Geng and Zhou Zhangshou.

In the eighteenth year of Guangxu's reign, he went to Santan Yingyue, studied in Shouwujing, and painted after school. Establish a friendship with Zhang.

In the 19th year of Guangxu's reign, his grandfather Zhou was imprisoned due to an incident. His father was seriously ill, and the whole family took refuge in the countryside. My father would get the cold shoulder every time he went in and out of boutique stores and pharmacies.

In the 22nd year of Guangxu's reign, his father passed away. There is trouble at home. Start keeping a diary this year.

In the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign, the family held a meeting to allocate rooms, and those given to Lu Xun were poor and small. Lu Xun refused to sign and was reprimanded by his uncles, feeling that the world was in a bad state.

Study hard

In April of the 24th year of Guangxu's reign, he entered Nanjing Naval Academy and changed his name to Zhou Shuren. In December, I was urged by my uncle’s family to take the county seat exam. After passing the exam, I stopped taking the government exam because my fourth brother was ill and continued to study in Nanjing. In the second year, he transferred to the Mining and Railway School Affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School to study mining. During this period, he came into contact with Huxley's "Collected Stories from Outside the Territory", which had a certain influence on his later thinking. In addition to reading new books, I love horseback riding and dare to compete with bannermen's children on horseback.

In January of the 28th year of Guangxu's reign, he graduated from the Mine Road School. In March, I went to Japan to study abroad at public expense. In April, I participated in the Japanese crash course at Hongwen College. The next year, I cut my braids. After class, I like to read books on philosophy and literature, paying special attention to human nature and national character.

In April of the 30th year of Guangxu's reign, he graduated from Hongwen College. In June, my grandfather Fu Jie passed away at the age of sixty-eight. In August, I entered Sendai Medical College.

In June of the 32nd year of Guangxu's reign, he was deceived into returning to China and got married. In June, he returned to Japan. In July, he stopped studying medicine, returned to Tokyo from Sendai, stopped going to school, and specialized in literary translation. In the following years I learned German and Russian in different ways.

In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu's reign, he studied under his teacher Lin Bing, became a member of the "Guangfuhui", and translated "Collection of Foreign Novels" with his second brother. During this period, his life was very difficult and he had to make a living by proofreading manuscripts.

In the first year of Xuantong, two volumes of "Nostalgia" were published.

Confusion and Difficulty

In August of the first year of Xuantong, he returned to China and successively served as a physiological chemistry teacher and Japanese teacher at Hangzhe Normal School. Suzuki? Botanical translation of Shou.

In August of the second year of Xuantong, he served as a teacher and supervisor of Shaoxing Middle School. In 1911, I wrote my first novel, the classical Chinese novel "New Youth".

In the first year of the Republic of China, the provisional government was established in Nanjing. At the invitation of the Director of Education, he served as the chief of the first section of the Social Education Department of the Ministry of Education. In August, he was appointed Minister of Education. From this year to 1917, he copied a large number of ancient steles, organized the inscriptions, and proofread ancient books.

In the sixth year

In August of the twelfth year of the Republic of China, the novel collection "Diary of a Madman" was published; he separated from his younger brother and moved to No. 61 Xisita Hutong. The reason for the separation is unknown. In December, he gave a speech on "New Youth" and served as a teacher at Women's Normal University and Esperanto School. The first volume is published.

In July of the 13th year of the Republic of China, "The Communist Manifesto" went to Xi'an to give lectures. Return to Beijing in August. In November, the weekly "Fengbo" was published, and Lu Xun published the first issue of "Scream". From then on, Lu Xun became one of the leading writers of "What Happened to Nora?"

Democracy Fighter

The "Female Normal University Trend" further escalated in the 14th year of the Republic of China. Lu Xun was dismissed by the Director of Education for supporting the just struggle of progressive students. In the same year, Lu Xun sued Zhang to the Pingzhengyuan. [41]

In March of the 15th year of the Republic of China, the "March 18th Massacre" occurred. In April, Lu Xun criticized the Duan government's crime of killing students in "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" and "The Changes of Chinese Novels". He was hunted down and took refuge at Yamamoto Hospital. While sheltering in place, I have been writing. "Yu Si" was published in August 2011, and he went to Xiamen University to become a professor in the Chinese Department. Resigned in December.

In January 2016, he went to Sun Yat-sen University to teach. In March, he met with the Party Committee Secretary of Guangdong and Guangxi. On April 1, he gave a speech "On the Fall of Leifeng Pagoda" at Huangpu Military Academy. On the 12th, the "412 Counter-revolutionary Coup" occurred. On the 29th, the rescue progressive students resigned angrily without any results. In August, "Yu Si" was published. In September, she rejected the nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature and left Guangzhou for Shanghai, where she married. In December, I had an incident with Liang Shiqiu and others

In the spring of the 17th year of the Republic of China, I joined the Chinese Revolutionary Communist Association. It was in 1998 that a large number of literary works were collected and translated. At the same time, he began to advocate revolutionary art and the modern woodcut movement.

In the 18th year of the Republic of China, Xu Guangping gave birth to a son, and Lu Xun named him "".

Leader of the Left Alliance

In February 19th of the Republic of China, the China Freedom Movement Alliance was established and he was one of the founders. In March, attended the founding meeting of the Chinese Left-wing Writers Alliance and delivered a speech 0755 to 79000.

On January 20, 1920, Rou Shi was arrested and Lu Xun took refuge in his apartment. Returned to my old home on the 28th.

On January 29, the 21st year of the Republic of China, fighting broke out on the front lines. Avoid stopping at Uchiyama Bookstore the next day. On February 6, friends from Uchiyama Bookstore escorted me to the Neishan branch in the British Concession for temporary shelter. and others launched the "Chundi Academy of Fine Arts".

In January of the 22nd year of the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei was invited by letter to join the Civil Rights Protection Alliance and was promoted to executive member. On February 17, Cai Yuanpei invited him to his home to welcome Bernard Shaw. "Dead Place" honors Rou Shi.

In January of the 23rd year of the Republic of China, it was published as "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen". In May, the preface woodcut "Wandering" was published.

Translated Gogol's "Literature in the Revolutionary Era" in February of the 24th year of the Republic of China. In June, "The Relationship between Wei and Jin Styles and Articles, Medicine and Wine" was integrated into a long sequence.

In January of the 25th year of the Republic of China, I suffered from severe pain in my shoulders and ribs, and my last innovative work "Opinions on the Left-wing Writers Alliance" was published. In February, the translation of the second part of "For the Memory of Forgotten" began. The condition relapsed on May 15. The doctor diagnosed it as stomach trouble, but the fever never went away. On May 31, Ms. Smotley cited the American doctor Deng’s diagnosis that the situation was not optimistic. In June, his health improved slightly. Lu Xun and the people around him thought that "Teacher Lu Xun is fine." The disease relapsed on October 17th, and the disease broke out before dawn on the 18th. I was out of breath. Passed away at 5:25 am on the 19th.

Works of Lu Xun

Collection of Novels

In August 1923, it was published by Beijing Xinchao Publishing House.

August 1926, Beijing Beixin Publishing House

1936, Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House

Collection of essays

"Lu Xun Is Untimely" "Essays" was edited and published by Cai Yuanpei and Xu Gua

"Beiping Notes", "Yinyu Collection", "Dead Souls", "New Literature Series Novel Collection Two", "New Stories", "Dead Soul", "The Scream"

Lu Xun's famous sayings

A true warrior dares to face the bleak life and the dripping blood.

The literati's composition, the farmer digging a hoe, is very ordinary. When taking pictures, the literati insisted on pretending to be clowns and played "with a hoe and a hat"; the farmer held Liu Xiahui's book and pretended to be "deeply reading pictures from Liu Xiahui", which was disgusting.

Great achievements are directly proportional to hard work. If you work hard, you will gain something. Over time, miracles can be created from a little to a lot.

Time is like water in a sponge, as long as you are willing to squeeze it, you can always get it.

Saving time; that is, making a person's limited life more effective, that is, extending his life.

Freedom cannot be bought with money, but it can be exchanged for money.

Saving time; that is, making a person's limited life more effective, that is, extending his life. Lu Xun

"Don't be ashamed of being the last." Even if it is slow, endless, backward, and unsuccessful, he will definitely achieve the goal he wants.

Society respects people, so I think the words of famous people are famous quotes, but I forget what kind of knowledge and profession his name comes from.

The brave are angry and draw their swords towards the strong; those who are afraid of anger draw their swords towards the weak. There must be many heroes in this hopeless nation who keep an eye on their children. These wives.

Only the soul of the country has value, and only by carrying it forward can China truly progress.

The Story of Lu Xun

Excellent Achievements

In Lu Xun’s Mining Road School, his academic performance was outstanding. Qian Depei, the general manager of the school, once praised him: "Zhou Shuren is really knowledgeable." At that time, there was a bonus for every exam. Chinese texts are given once a week, and other quizzes are given once a month. Those with the best scores will be awarded third-class silver medals. The regulations stipulate that for every four third-class medals, one second-class medal is allowed, several second-class medals are allowed for one first-class medal, and several first-class medals are allowed for one gold medal. Lu Xun was the only one in the class who won the gold medal.

Helping young people

When Lu Xun was in Guangzhou, a young man was influenced by him and went to Shanghai with him. After arriving in Shanghai, Lu Xun stayed enthusiastically in his apartment in Li Jingyun. Later, the man asked Lu Xun to find him a job in Shanghai. Lu Xun was in a difficult situation at the time. In desperation, he found a bookstore and newspaper and asked him to do some work in name. Lu Xun's monthly salary of thirty or forty yuan was paid by Lu Xun himself, and Duff paid it to bookstores and newspapers as his monthly salary. The degree of help to Lu Xun's youth can be seen.

White Elephant

Lin Yutang once wrote in an article that Teacher Lu Xun is valuable in China and he is known as the "White Elephant". Because most elephants are gray, meeting a white one is considered a national treasure. Xu Guangping and Lu Xun lived in two places. When exchanging letters, he often called him "Xiang". Lu Xun also occasionally called himself "Xiang" in letters to him. After his son Zhou Haiying was born, Lu Xun gave it to his son and called it "Little Red Elephant", which can be described as "white elephant and red elephant father and son". When Lu Xun made his children happy, he often made up his own tune "Little Red, Little Elephant, Little Elephant, Little Red, Little Elephant Red; Little Elephant, Little Red, Little Red Elephant, Little Red, Little Elephant, Little Red." Husband. The warmth of Reiko Kobayakawa is evident.

Manuscripts that are not important

I don’t care about the preservation of Lu Xun’s manuscripts. I often throw them around, sometimes hand them out to guests to wipe their hands with, or even sell them as scrap. A writer bought fried dough sticks on Hailadu Road in Shanghai, but unexpectedly discovered that the paper wrapped in fried dough sticks was the manuscript paper of Lu Xun's translation from 0755 to 79000. Xiao Hong was greatly surprised and wrote a letter to Lu Xun. Lu Xun didn't think there was anything unusual about it. Xiao Hong had no choice but to tell Xu Guangping the story truthfully, and Xu Guangping severely criticized Lu Xun for this.

Lu Xun’s former residence

Lu Xun’s former residence is the place where Lu Xun, the great modern Chinese thinker, revolutionary and educator, lived during his lifetime. It has now become an important humanistic museum, which is of great significance to the research and dissemination of humanistic ideas in the early 20th century. Lu Xun worked hard to liberate the minds of the Chinese people throughout his life, so his place of residence was constantly changing. There are four main places where Lu Xun lived throughout his life: Lu Xun's former residence in Beijing, Lu Xun's former residence in Shanghai, Lu Xun's former residence in Shaoxing and Lu Xun's former residence in Guangzhou

No. 9, Dalu New Village, Yinshan Road, Shanghai. This is a three-story building with brick and wood structure and red bricks and red tiles. During this period, Lu Xun wrote many war essays, edited the magazine "Wandering", and translated "New Stories" and other works. He promoted woodblock printmaking and edited and compiled the Supplement to the Complete Works of Lu Xun. In 1935, I called to congratulate the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army on their successful arrival in northern Shaanxi. At the beginning of 1936, I actively participated in the anti-Japanese national united front work in the literary and art circles.

The former residence faces south and walks through the black iron gate.

This is a small garden. Go up the steps and you will find the reception room. There is a Western-style dining table in the middle. On the west wall are a bookcase, a hand-cranked gramophone and a workbench that Qu Qiubai gave to Lu Xun when he went to Ruijin, Jiangxi. Past the glass screen door is the restaurant. In the middle is the Guangqi Eight Immortals table, surrounded by four round chairs with baked flowers. There are two cupboards and four stools in the west corner, and a coat rack on the east wall. These simple utensils reflect the living conditions of Lu Xun's family at that time. He supported his family with only a meager income from royalties, but he was very generous in helping others and supporting revolutionary mass organizations. In Lu Xun's diary, there are many records of donations. The front room on the second floor is Lu Xun's bedroom and studio. There is a desk and an old wicker chair under the south-facing window. Lu Xun was writing at his desk and wrote many articles that frightened his enemies. He meditated on a wicker chair, and many of his essays were written here. On the east wall is a black iron bed, with thin quilts and printed pillows arranged as they are. In 1936, Lu Xun was seriously ill but still continued to write. After Soong Ching Ling found out, she wrote him a letter with great interest. Later Lu Xun died on this iron bed. There is an old calendar hanging on the dresser. The calendar has been torn up to October 19, 1936. The alarm clock on the stage pointed to 5:25. These precious objects have become people's permanent souvenirs.

Historical evaluation

Mao Zedong: "Lu Xun has the hardest bones. He has no servility or obsequiousness. This is the most precious character of the people in colonial and semi-colonial countries. Lu Xun is the cultural front "Lu Xun was the leader of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. He was not only a great writer, but also a great thinker and revolutionary.""

Jin Liangshou: "In East Asia in the 20th century. The writer who occupies the largest territory on the cultural landscape. ”

Fadeyev: “Lu Xun is a true Chinese writer, and precisely because of this, he has contributed many national and unobjectionable works to world literature. His language is folk form. Although his satire and humor share the unique characteristics of human beings, they also have inimitable national characteristics. " He also commented that Lu Xun was "Chinese."

: "Lu Xun was a revolutionary thinker, an epoch-making literary writer, a historian who sought truth from facts, an educator who set an example, and an internationalist who longed for human liberation. "

Takeuchi Haomei: "Lu Xun is the mother of modern Chinese national culture. "

: "Lu Xun was a liberal and would never yield to external forces. Lu Xun is our man. "

Wang Meng: "Our writers are all like Lu Xun. Isn't that great? not at all. There is a Lu Xun in the literary world, which is a great thing. What if there were fifty Lu Xuns? OMG! ”

Xia Zhiqing: “In general, Lu Xun was the manipulator of his time, not the mentor and satirist of his time. ”