In ancient times, bronze drums were often used to command troops to advance and retreat in wars, as well as banquets, music and dances. They are a percussion instrument popular in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and other ethnic minority areas. The bronze drum is the crystallization of China's ancient splendid culture and a symbol of the wisdom of China's minority ancestors. It has the characteristics of oriental art and is a treasure in the treasure house of world culture and art. Bronze drums are also spread in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and even Indonesia.
The word "bronze drum" first appeared in Biography of Ma Yuan in the later Han Dynasty. "Ma Yuan went out to cross his toes and got the Luoyue bronze drum, which was cast into a horse." One of the most famous bronze drums is Li Hezhuang.
2. Introduction to Bronze Drum In ancient times, bronze drums were often used to command the advance and retreat of troops in wars, and also used in banquets, music and dances. It is a percussion instrument popular in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and other ethnic minority areas. The bronze drum is the crystallization of China's ancient splendid culture and a symbol of the wisdom of China's minority ancestors. It has the characteristics of oriental art and is a treasure in the treasure house of world culture and art. Bronze drums are also spread in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and even Indonesia. 201665438+1October 10, a huge bronze drum with a diameter of 4.2 meters, a height of 2.6 meters and a weight of 7 tons, was designed and manufactured by Wei Qichu and Wei Qishen, the representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage in Guangxi, and it is the largest bronze drum in the world at present. The diameter of bronze drums ranges from 2.3 meters to 0.7 meters. Up to now, more than 500 pieces of bronze drums/kloc-0 have been unearthed in China. More than 200 pieces of bronze drums were also found in Southeast Asia (Laos), while thousands of pieces were collected and unearthed in Thailand. The word "bronze drum" first appeared in Biography of Ma Yuan in the later Han Dynasty. "Ma Yuan went out to cross his toes and got the Luoyue bronze drum, which was cast into a horse." One of the most famous bronze drums is Li Hezhuang.
3. The origin of bronze drums (less than 50 words) In ancient times, bronze drums were often used to direct the advance and retreat of troops in wars, as well as in banquets, music and dances. It is a percussion instrument popular in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and other ethnic minority areas. The bronze drum is the crystallization of China's ancient splendid culture and a symbol of the wisdom of China's minority ancestors. It has the characteristics of oriental art and is a treasure in the treasure house of world culture and art. Bronze drums are also spread in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and even Indonesia.
201665438+1October 10, a huge bronze drum with a diameter of 4.2 meters, a height of 2.6 meters and a weight of 7 tons, was designed and manufactured by Wei Qichu and Wei Qishen, the representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage in Guangxi, and it is the largest bronze drum in the world at present.
The bronze drum is shaped like a round drum with various patterns, and some bronze drums have toad patterns (the Yue people worship frogs). The diameter of bronze drums ranges from 2.3 meters to 0.7 meters. Up to now, more than 500 pieces of bronze drums/kloc-0 have been unearthed in China. More than 200 pieces of bronze drums were also found in Southeast Asia (Laos), while thousands of pieces were collected and unearthed in Thailand.
The word "bronze drum" first appeared in Biography of Ma Yuan in the later Han Dynasty. "Ma Yuan went out to cross his toes and got the Luoyue bronze drum, which was cast into a horse." One of the most famous bronze drums is Li Hezhuang.
4. Write a composition about qingxiushan Tonggu Square. Go there: Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area, Liangfengjiang National Forest Park, Yangmei Ancient Town, Guangxi Museum, Guangxi National Cultural Relics Park, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Zoo and Daming Mountain Scenic Area! Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area is located in the center of Nanning. It is a national AAAA-level tourist area and one of the top ten landscapes in Nanning. The scenic spot is evergreen all the year round, with overlapping peaks and rolling mountains. There are the world's largest Cycas Garden, Tropical Rainforest Grand View Garden, Palm Garden, Dragon Elephant Tower and Phoenix in the scenic area, and there are many existing monuments, celebrities and scholars. This is a good place for tourists to visit and explore the past.
Liangfengjiang National Forest Park is a national AAA-level scenic spot and one of the top ten scenic spots in Nanning. It consists of three parts: Bodhi Grand View Garden, Plant Kingdom and Amusement World. At present, it has the only Bodhi tree embracing Yin and Yang in China and the largest and richest "wild entertainment city" in China. Yangmei ancient town is a national AAA-level tourist attraction and one of the top ten landscapes in Nanning. It is located in the southwest of Nanning and has a history of thousands of years.
The scenery outside the town is beautiful and the folk customs are simple. Famous scenic spots include: Millennium Gu Lou-Kuixing Building, a street in Qing Dynasty, ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the former residence of Liang Lieya, Longtan and so on. There are also "three treasures of beauty"-plum vegetables, lobster sauce and sauerkraut all have unique flavors.
Guangxi Museum is a provincial comprehensive geography museum. At present, the museum basically displays Guangxi historical relics, Guangxi revolutionary relics, Guangxi folk customs, "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution in Guangxi" and ancient bronze drums. The largest and smallest bronze drums in the world are collected here, and it is the museum with the largest collection of bronze drums in the world.
Guangxi National Cultural Relics Park is an extension and expansion of the exhibition of national and folk cultural relics in Guangxi Museum. Cultural Relics Park brings together the essence of Guangxi Zhuang, Yao, Miao, Dong and other major minority cultures, and is a window to understand the customs and cultures of these ethnic groups.
Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden is a comprehensive garden integrating sightseeing, scientific research, teaching and production. This is a good place for entertainment and knowledge. It covers an area of more than 2 million square meters and is one of the largest medicinal botanical gardens in China and Southeast Asia. There are more than 2 100 kinds of medicinal plants, including Dracaena angustifolia, Rattan, Mimosa, Lagerstroemia indica and other precious medicinal materials.
It is twice that of Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica. The park is divided into seven drug areas: Guangxi specialty area, drug efficacy area, shade biological area, local drug area, liana area and medicinal animal area.
Nanning Zoo covers an area of over 400,000 square meters. The rolling mountains, winding lakes, winding paths and lush bamboo forests in the park make people feel like they are in nature. In the meantime, there are various livestock and poultry houses such as panda house, elephant house, lion tiger mountain, leopard house, hippo house, seal pond, giraffe house, zebra farm, snake house, bird house, and the largest crocodile breeding base in China. Daming Mountain Scenic Area is 98km away from Nanning, with an altitude of 1, 760m. There are wonderful valleys, beautiful flowers and dense forests.
Its unique ancient olive forest, Wei Long Waterfall and the sea of clouds in the morning glow are all as fantastic as fairy tales, which makes people linger. There are four distinct seasons in the mountains, forming a beautiful landscape of spring haze, summer waterfall, autumn clouds and winter snow, which is known as "Lushan Mountain in Guangxi".
Traditional Cuisine: Old Friends Noodles, jiaozi, Xiangnuo Zongzi, Banana Julia, Babaoban Special Restaurant: Mingyuan Xindu Hotel Ziyunxuan, Yongjiang Hotel Sunshine City, Nanning Hotel Xiaodulai Food Street, Zhongshan Road Food Street.
5. What does the sun shine on the bronze drum? The bronze drum has a history of more than 2000 years since it came into being. It is made of copper and a small amount of tin, lead and zinc. It plays different roles such as cookers, musical instruments and utensils in different periods. It is the most representative cultural relic of the southern minorities in ancient China, which continues the aesthetic consciousness handed down from generation to generation by the ancients and is a legendary national historical and cultural heritage in Chinese civilization.
Hainan Daily reporter Huang Jing Tonggu Qian Qian's face is different face to face. As a kind of bronze weapon, the bronze drum is rarely seen in folk collections because of its huge volume, and with the increasing collection, the bronze drum has gradually begun to attract the attention of collectors from all walks of life.
At present, among the known bronze drums unearthed in Hainan, the Beiliu bronze drum unearthed in October Tian Town of Changjiang Li Autonomous County is the largest one, which is now in the provincial museum. In addition, the provincial museum also entered the Beiliu bronze drum of the Han Dynasty unearthed in Lingao County on both sides of Tibet, which was slightly smaller.
The beauty lies in the beauty of the sun-patterned bronze drum, and the beauty lies in the pattern on the drum surface. Many collectors of bronze drums use rubbings to collect thousands of bronze drums into a book for appreciation and study the development of bronze drums.
The reporter saw in the Provincial Museum that the bronze drum of the Han Dynasty unearthed in Changjiang, with a surface diameter of 100cm and a waist circumference of 270 cm, was placed in an independent showcase. Looking closely at the bronze drum, we can see that there are four vertical frogs cast on the drum surface, which are 3.7 cm long and 2 cm high. Three frogs stand counterclockwise and one stands clockwise, which makes the drum surface full of changes and enhances the three-dimensional sense.
Eight circles of sun patterns are cast in the center of the drum surface of the bronze drum, and many circles of chord patterns are cast in the center of the drum to form a circle of halo. The bronze drums of Beiliu Han Dynasty unearthed in Lingao, adjacent to the cabinet, also have sun patterns.
According to Qiu Gang, director of the Provincial Museum, this sun pattern, which consists of light body and light, is the most basic decorative pattern that first appeared on the bronze drum, the most important and eye-catching pattern in the decoration of the drum surface, and the only pattern that runs through the history of the bronze drum. Qiu Gang said that the sun pattern was originally a residual mark left by the mouth of the bronze drum, which was repeatedly polished and modified into a cake-like protrusion. The ancestors of ethnic minorities artistically treated it and combined it with sun worship, and finally formed the basic concept and connotation of the sun pattern.
Some scholars believe that the sun pattern is not only the center and center of gravity of all decorative patterns of bronze drums, but also the symbol of worship, belief and cultural significance of bronze drums as musical instruments, ritual vessels and power devices. The design of the sun pattern is the first step for bronze drum craftsmen. Any change in the shape of the bronze drum will first lead to the change of the sun pattern, which dominates the drum surface, and other patterns are only to express the natural worship of the sun pattern.
At present, academic circles generally agree that 1980 China ancient bronze drums can be divided into eight types, namely, Wanjiaba type, Shizhaishan type, cold water type, Zunyi type, Majiang type, Beiliu type, Lingshan type and Ximeng type. The general characteristics of the eight types of bronze drums are that the whole body is copper, the plane is arc-shaped, one end has a surface, the hollow is bottomless, and four ears are attached to the side. The shape is beautiful and the pattern is changing.
Beauty lies in the sound of * * * Liu Yao in the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Ling Biao Ji": "The joy of barbarians has bronze drums." Archaeologists found that most of the unearthed bronze drums were put together with other musical instruments.
The bronze drum has evolved from a "copper pot" that specializes in making cookware to a "copper drum" that knocks and sounds. The value of bronze drums is closely related to their timbre. Good sound is more expensive. According to the classification of modern musical instruments, the bronze drum belongs to the body-sounding instrument, and its cavity has a unique structure of storing, * * and transmitting sound.
Wu Weifeng, director of the Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, said that knocking on the drum surface of the bronze drum can make a metallic sound, and the drum sound passes through the cylindrical drum waist and finally reaches the spacious drum foot, which is sent out to form a unique bronze drum music. Sun Guangxian, a writer of five pronouns, wrote in the poem "Bodhisattva Man": "The more birds sing, the dawn will come.
Tonggu and Manger. Southerners pray for Saido.
The wind blows fast, and her sleeves are close to each other. Banpu turned several times, and the smoke was infinite. "
This word describes the early spring in the south of China. When kapok is in full bloom, ethnic minorities beat bronze drums, and people danced, competing with God and praying for peace. Wu Weifeng said that the bronze drum is a national folk musical instrument, which is taught by mouth and heart, so it has never formed a musical score. Until the late 1950s, people began to record drums with Chinese characters and symbols, and gradually formed drum music.
According to reports, the performance of bronze drums is generally composed of several drums connected into a routine, and the connection and conversion of each drum has hints of rhythm change. This suggestion is an impromptu change with considerable freedom, which is similar to the opening gongs and drums in traditional Chinese opera. Wu Weifeng said that bronze drums are also circulating among the people, one is a dance with bronze drums as props, and the other is a dance accompanied by bronze drums.
As an image art form, bronze drum dance reproduces the labor scene under the historical background, can restore the rice production process, and can also reflect the totem worship in a region. Beauty exists in legends and is worshipped and worshipped by all members of society as a sacred thing. The origin, management and inheritance of bronze drums have always been a mysterious topic.
In Hechi, Guangxi, there is a poem about offering sacrifices to drums, which reads: "There is no cloud in ancient times, and there is a drought in September ... Niang Tianniang is tempted to have a downpour, and the raindrops are as big as drums ... casting a big bronze drum and making it a good one. If there is a disaster on earth, beat the drums and report it to the mother of heaven. " Thus, the world has a bronze drum.
Although the content of folk songs is funny, it is the sustenance of the good wishes of the ancients and reflects the development of history from one side. Regarding the management of bronze drums, there are also many versions circulated among the people in Guangxi, one is privately owned, the other is owned by clans, and the other is owned by village collectives. No matter what kind of holding method, people's protection and management of bronze drums are unusual. Bronze drums can't be bought or sold, but they must be formally passed down through grand ceremonies such as killing chickens and bleeding.
Qiu Gang introduced that at present, 12 bronze drums have been unearthed in Hainan, all of which were cast in Guangxi, and then spread to all parts of Qiongdao with the army. The bronze drum is a low-frequency sound generator. The lower the frequency, the farther the drums spread in the air. Therefore, bronze drums are often used to direct troops to fight. On the one hand, it can be used to gather troops to prepare for battle, on the other hand, it can be used to command troops to advance and retreat.
In wartime, the sound of bronze drums has absolute authority, and the sound of bronze drums is high and morale is high, so the troops will defeat the enemy with an overwhelming advantage. The sound of bronze drums is sluggish and morale is low; If the sound of bronze drums disappears, it means that the war has failed.