The ancient summaries of "Reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "A clever woman can't cook without rice" illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects. "Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room.
(A) language to establish a "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards. The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials. Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery. The article written in this way is flesh and blood.
(3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation. Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two ways: first, be thoughtful. "One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens. So you can see the essence through the phenomenon. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time. The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms.
In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand.
Second, learn to observe before writing a good composition.
Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of "how to write good articles" for young artists: one is to read more books, and the other is to practice more. Here, "seeing more" means observing more. This shows that in order to write a good article and master skillful writing skills, it is necessary to observe more and learn to observe, and observation is the necessary premise and foundation of writing.
Russian novelist Chekhov earnestly warned beginners: "A writer must train himself to be a keen observer and never give up! -It is a habit to exercise your own observation, as if it were second nature. " It takes time to hone observation into habit and second nature, which is very useful and remarkable.
Pay attention to the people, events, sights and things around you, and hunt for the materials needed in the composition: be interested in some seemingly insignificant but meaningful things, and pay attention to the cause, process and result of things; You should pay attention to how the plants in the campus flower beds change their colors all year round, and learn to get to the bottom of it and find out the ins and outs of these changes; You should go out, enter the society, meet more people, observe their words and deeds, think about some things, and integrate into your own thoughts at any time. This is the process of observation, and the following points should be paid attention to in the process of observation:
(a) Observation should not be limited to "eyes". Broadly speaking, more practical observation refers to mobilizing all the five senses of people: listening with ears, feeling with the body and, more importantly, thinking with the mind, so that the observation will be more delicate and profound.
(2) Pay attention to the use of "bad writing" in the observation process. As the saying goes, a good memory is better than bad writing. Many students see a lot and think a lot every day, but they are not good at writing it down at any time, which will waste the observed materials and a lot of valuable things.
It took me a long time to write a composition. "Composition, composition, I have a headache."
How to write a composition? Faced with this problem, I believe that whether it is domestic children or our overseas children, it is a big problem, a big problem that has plagued everyone for a long time. But fortunately, the children in China will write you a long paragraph even if it is difficult.
Unfortunately, our overseas children are exposed to unfamiliar words due to the lack of language environment and time. This undoubtedly increases their study burden.
This "writing" will make the child stunned. If you don't "write", the teacher is puzzled.
How to learn a language by listening, reading, speaking and not writing? I combine my teaching experience and talk about my own experience.
First of all, polish your eyes and look for composition materials from yourself. As the saying goes, "A clever woman can't cook without rice." Children often seem at a loss when they pick up a pen to write a composition.
Children often complain: "I have nothing to write" and "I don't know what to write". At this time, the teacher's first task is to help students find the material for practice.
According to different school-age levels, they can be treated differently. For example, in the class of teaching the fourth volume of Chinese textbook, I took out my beloved toy cat according to the age characteristics of the children, and then used the existing materials to guide the students to speak a paragraph, asking them to make it clear in the order from beginning to end, so that all the students have something to say and make them feel that the composition is not difficult, as long as they write out what they see and feel.
In addition, when looking at pictures and writing words, it is required to speak first and then write. In this way, on the one hand, students' oral conversation ability is exercised, on the other hand, it is also helpful for students to practice writing.
In fact, the material of the article is everywhere in life. In Gao Xuenian's class, children are asked to find their own composition materials. For example: traveling to the suburbs, holding sports meetings in schools, and organizing visits to factories in schools ... If teachers can consciously guide students in advance, students will certainly learn to observe life purposefully and capture touching scenes in life.
Because these materials come from familiar real people and stories, students will naturally look for the source of their compositions from their colorful lives. Second, using model essays to let children learn to imitate and create materials does not mean that they can write good articles. The guidance of writing methods is a crutch for students. For our children who study Chinese overseas, I encourage them to imitate and learn model essays.
Nowadays, children who study Chinese overseas generally have the following problems. 1, insufficient vocabulary.
For example, when describing "happy" in writing, it is "happy" throughout, regardless of other adjectives. 2, the sentence is not smooth.
Although our children have mastered a certain amount of words and sentence patterns in their studies, when they come across writing, they often construct a Japanese sentence pattern in their minds before translating it into Chinese. For example, "I read" (I read correctly), "I eat first" and "I go first" (I eat first and I go first).
3. Lack of observation and in-depth description. For example, writing a character composition lacks concrete examples to describe the characteristics of the character and the psychological activities of the character.
In view of the above characteristics, if some excellent works of children of the same age are selected and printed for students to read, make appropriate comments on good techniques or good ideas in the article. This not only increases students' reading, but also gives some guidance to students who can't read and write.
Over time, they will naturally master many new forms. Third, reading more, remembering more and accumulating more writing is a kind of creation.
The key to writing a good composition lies in observation accumulation and memory storage; From talking about writing, scrutinizing and revising, reading more books and writing more. In teaching, I suggest that students read more books, collect more model essays and newspaper clippings, and copy and recite good words, sentences and paragraphs for memory and use.
Practice makes perfect. After practice, you will be proficient in writing, and with more materials, you will be able to write articles with ease.
It always takes too long to write your own composition. What should I do? Maybe you spend too much time in front. You should look at these two places, such as the explanatory text, and be familiar with the answering skills, so that you can do the problem quickly. You should know that the composition must take 40 minutes to complete according to the quality, and there is the structure. Show your composition to the teacher, preferably five or six. Ask the teacher to help you find out whether the writing structure suitable for you is a sub-argument.
At the same time, you should also pay attention to accumulate more materials in all aspects. Don't feel useless. As long as you have prepared enough materials, just write down the materials you want quickly on the draft paper and put them into the familiar structure.
4. Hello, teacher. I do not like writing. Think for a long time every time you write a composition. I'm worried. What, LZ, do you start writing every time the teacher wants to give you a question to write? This is not right.
Composition comes from inspiration and soul. If you can't observe every bit of life everywhere, how can you experience it, how can you conceive it in your mind, and how can you find the shells you want on the beach of your heart? I never worry about writing, and I don't know why. I am a literature lover, and there are too many things to record in my life. In addition, sometimes why do you have to be nervous until the teacher arranges to write some words? Sometimes, it is a good enjoyment to open your heart and see the world with your own heart. Write as you like, without fetters, fetters and fetters. The writing is free, unrestrained and full of vitality. Why write for the exam? Having a heart that feels life, nature and beauty is the true meaning of writing good words. All right, that's all.
I spent a long time writing my composition. Why can others do so well in the exam? At school, I also read books. That's what I thought. I should write down some good words I saw or heard on TV. First, I should write down some famous words, and then I should write down some more brilliant words.
Take it out before the exam. When you start writing a composition, you always think about using a few words. After a while, a lot of materials are already in my mind, so it will be much easier to write.
When writing a composition, topics and ideas are very important. When I write a composition, I always exclude the first idea I can think of, because the first idea I can think of is what others can think of.
Then think about what to write in the first paragraph and what good quotes or quotations to use.
Well, the most important thing is always the title, the beginning and the end.
I graduated from college now.
My composition has always been good in middle school. I hope what I said is helpful to you.
6. Composition How to conceive an excellent composition is inseparable from ingenious conception.
Conception, like a blueprint for building a house, is the key to writing, and the quality of conception largely determines the success or failure of the article. Cao Zhi's seven-step poems make the world sigh as wizards; Zuo Si's ten years of writing Sandu Fu and even Luoyang paper are expensive, and his kung fu is all about conception.
Over the years, the perfect composition articles for the senior high school entrance examination are all models of successful conception, attracting the attention of marking teachers like a beautiful scenery. So how do you conceive a composition for the senior high school entrance examination? Pay attention to the following three requirements: first, "deep".
It is what Mr. Lu Xun said, "Dig deeper." Most candidates can choose typical cases around the center, describe them layer by layer and tell some truth, but there are not many profound central ideas and refreshing works.
An excellent composition always digs out all the thoughts and social significance contained in the material through rational thinking, and points out the center of the article through argumentative and lyrical sentences. Second, "new".
That is, through one's own observation and experience, one can discover what others have not discovered and written from what people are familiar with, and strive to write new ideas and new realms with new forms and new skills. "New" is not surprising. "New" comes from life.
There are many things that can be innovated in rich daily life, which requires our classmates to accumulate extracurricular knowledge and discover the true meaning of life with a unique eye. Third, "Qiao".
It is a clever idea, how to start, how to end, how to transition, which to write first, which to write later, which to write in detail, which to write slightly ... there is a comprehensive consideration. Conception is a complicated process, so you should be good at thinking.
At the same time, there is no dead rule in conception, and all kinds of problems involved are flexible, so the conception process is a creative thinking process and a creative labor. Different genres and types of articles have a common way of thinking, and there are often obvious tracks to follow in the structural arrangement, such as the "total-sub-total" style of narration, the "juxtaposition", "contrast", "hierarchy" and "total-sum" style of general material argumentation and reading (observation) feeling, and so on.
The significance of conception lies in the rational use of materials and the full expression of the central idea. To conceive innovation, we must break the conventional thinking mode, make appropriate changes and set off waves. Conceptual innovation of narrative.
(1) The angle is clever. If everyone cuts in from the front, you might as well cut in from the back or side; Everyone focuses on the whole, you might as well focus on the part; Everyone looks at the big picture. You might as well look at the big picture from a small point, and so on.
Because of the originality and novelty of the idea, it often produces unexpected strong appeal and inspiration, thus leaving a deep impression on readers. ② Sequence change.
If you organize the materials in the order of occurrence and development, you may wish to use flashback or interpolation; Everyone writes the subject before the object to highlight the status of the subject. You might as well write the object before the subject, which also highlights the status of the subject, and so on. 3 the way to seek difference.
If everyone narrates in the third person, you might as well use the first person or even the second person; Everyone gives priority to descriptive language, you might as well give priority to descriptive language, and so on. The structure is alive.
The narrative structure should be flexible, tortuous and winding. The common methods that cause waves in the article are as follows: 1. Suppression.
It means that the object of writing either wants to be promoted first, or wants to be promoted first, and then suddenly turns around, which surprises the reader and makes the article have ups and downs. The second is the suspense method.
The technique that constitutes the suspense of the article is generally "hanging-cushion hanging-hanging". You can use three places, or three time periods, or three shots, or three photos, or three items, or three experiences to organize the full text, and use subheadings, such as "childhood", "youth", "shot one", "shot two" and "shot three". , so as not to be straightforward.
In addition, we can also use "misunderstanding method" and "coincidence method" to cause contradictions, increase waves and deepen the theme. The details are as follows: 1. The "yang" here is yang, which is praise; "Restraint" means belittling and restraining.
The purpose of intonation is to leave a strong impression on readers and avoid the dullness of the article and make the text ups and downs. If the purpose is to promote, then "promote first and then restrain" is adopted; The purpose is to suppress, then take "first suppress and then promote".
In this way, we seek changes in praise and criticism, causing ups and downs to enhance the appeal of the article. Let's take a look at the following two clips. (1) I am a child in the countryside, and my family's economic conditions are not good. I go home on Sunday.
I'm going back to school. My sister is filling a vegetable bottle for me to steal diced vegetables. It's all my sister's greed, my sister said. Sister, when you are not at home, we all eat side dishes.
As soon as you get home. Mom always cuts meat and buys fish to nourish her body. You eat it and take it to school. If only you were at home every day.
(2) On weekends, neighbors greet their daughters who come home from afar. ~ Baby "kept screaming. My mother just smiled at me. I am very unhappy.
My elder sister ate diced meat in the dish while filling it for me, which made me even more angry. But what my sister said made me feel ashamed.
Sister, when you are not at home, we all eat side dishes. As soon as you get home, mom always cuts meat and buys fish to nourish your body. You eat it and take it to school. If only you were at home every day! "How do you feel after reading it? The first material selection has its own characteristics. It praises the deep maternal love, but writes about things. Not necessarily a masterpiece.
The second material is to rewrite the first material with the method of restraining first and then promoting, and the heavy maternal love will be promoted. At the same time, this writing will make the article tortuous and vivid. Second, metaphorical conception Metaphorical conception can be said to be the most important method in all laws. It is a gorgeous flower born of similar associations, which is the easiest to make the article shine.
Let's enjoy the wonderful fragments of the masterpiece "Taste Life and Feel Happiness". Childhood life is like a cocktail.
Although father's slap and mother's reprimand are as chilling as rock sugar in wine, the ice will eventually melt, but sugar is still sweet in wine. ..... The days of youth are like beer in Munich.
The pressure of study and the hardship of job hunting are just like the faint bitterness in wine. But beer, after all, is not high. After all, there are parents in your life to shelter you from the wind and rain.
..... into middle age, life is like a glass of hard liquor. With such a heavy burden on your shoulders, you can still help the old and carry the young.
The taste of wine will also vary from person to person. ..... In old age, life is like a cellar.
7. Writing gives me a headache. Every time I write a composition, I can't write any more after writing a few words. Question: How about writing an argumentative essay? A: There must be clear arguments, arguments and argumentation processes.
1. Write a good hand. 2. Draw up a good title. Write the first sentence and the last sentence in the middle paragraph. 5. Typical and vivid arguments. 6. Get a good ending. 7. Have your own unique ideas if possible. Follow-up: I want to follow this line of thinking, but it's a bit stuck in writing. Answer: Maybe it's because I'm not skilled. Just write long. No one can write a good composition at birth.
Also, if you want to make a good idea before writing, it is best to list the meaning of the paragraph, that is, what to write (of course, this is only my personal method, which may not be applicable to others, but it is better to try than not to try). May your writing level be further improved! Follow-up: Every time the teacher asks me to learn the composition, I can't finish it. Over time, I formed that habit, and now I want to write but I can't.
Answer: Don't take writing as a task, you can take it as any of your hobbies, and you will naturally be interested in it. To reach the point where you will feel the urge to write at any time, like walking down the street and seeing a person or a thing, you will conceive a composition in your mind, like watching TV or computer at home, and you will remember what to write and write casually. It is undoubtedly the best time to write again.
Follow-up: There are only two years before the college entrance examination. What should I do now? Answer: Cultivate interest, read more books and accumulate experience.