Gu Kaizhi (about 315-46) was born in Wuxi (now Jiangsu) in Jinling. He is good at painting portraits, Buddha statues, animals, landscapes, etc., and he is known as "a genius, a painter, and an idiot". He is also known as "three outstanding artists in painting" with Lu Tanwei and Zhang Sengyou. There are several copies of his paintings handed down from generation to generation, such as Zhen Tu of Female History, Fu Tu of Luoshen, and Ren Zhi Tu of Lienv, among which Fu Tu of Luoshen is the largest. In addition, his artistic views, such as "moving the mind wonderfully" and "describing the spirit with form", have great influence on later generations.

Lu Tanwei (? -About 485), Wu (Suzhou) was born. His paintings were rated as the highest in contemporary times by Sheikh of Nanqi. But none of his paintings have been handed down now. Later generations put him and Gu Kaizhi together as the representative painters of "dense body".

Zhang Sengyou is from Suzhou. He is good at portrait, and is good at painting Buddha statues, dragons and eagles, and mostly makes scroll paintings and murals. The story of the idiom "Make the finishing point" comes from the legend about him. Today, the True Picture of Five Stars and Twenty-eight Hostels copied by Liang Lingzan in the Tang Dynasty has been handed down from generation to generation, and now it has been exported to Japan, but the pen and record of this painting are different. He had a great influence on later generations, and painters Yan Liben and Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty were far from him.

Xiao Yi (58-554), called Emperor Liang Yuan, was born in Nanlanling (now Wujin, Jiangsu). According to the records, he is good at painting Buddhist paintings, deer cranes and scenery sketches, with comprehensive skills, especially good at painting the appearance of outsiders. The "Gong Tu" handed down from ancient times is a copy of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Cao Zhongda, according to the records, is good at painting Buddhist paintings and clay sculptures, and has no handed down works.

Yang Zihua, with only one volume of Beiqi School Book Map (now in Boston Museum) handed down by Song Lin, is the only scroll painting that we can see today.

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,

Zhan Ziqian was good at painting figures, chariots and horses, pavilions and mountains and rivers, especially famous for painting mountains and rivers. You Chuntu, now in the Palace Museum in Beijing, is considered to be his masterpiece, and it is also the earliest scroll painting in existence.

Dong Boren, a native of Runan (now Henan). With many talents, he painted Buddha statues, figures, terraces, chariots and horses, and entered the Sui Dynasty at the same time as Zhan Ziqian, also known as "Dong Zhan". Six of his works have been recorded in History of Zhenguan's Public and Private Paintings and Xuanhe's Paintings, and today's paintings have disappeared.

fashi Zheng is from Suzhou. He is good at painting figures, terraces, and learning from Zhang Sengyou. He has painted murals in many places, such as Haijue Temple in Shangdu. Twenty of his works have been recorded in History of Zhenguan's Public and Private Paintings and Xuanhe's Paintings, which have not been passed down today.

Li Sixun (651-716), born in Tianshui, Gansu Province, was a Tang imperial clan. Good at painting green landscapes, influenced by Zhan Ziqian, his brushwork is vigorous. His works are "Riversail Pavilion" and "Ming Huang Xing Shu" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Wang Wei (699-759), a famous poet, was originally from Qi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province) and was good at painting figures, bamboos and landscapes. His masterpiece Wangchuan Villa is the latter. Unfortunately, no original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The Snow Stream Map and the Fu Sheng Xiang in Jinan, which are passed down to him, are not original works.

Zhang Xuan, a native of Wujun (Suzhou), is good at painting landscapes, trees and stones, and is good at breaking ink, especially painting pine. It is said that one can do both, one is a living branch, and the other is a dead branch. No works have been handed down from generation to generation. However, his famous saying "nature is made by foreign teachers, and the source of mind comes from China" has a great influence on the painting theory of later generations.

Xue Ji (649-713), born in Fenyin, Puzhou (now southwest of Wanrong, Shanxi), was the grandson of Wei Zhi, a famous minister. Famous for his calligraphy, he is also good at drawing figures, Buddha statues, birds and animals, trees and stones, especially cranes, and his paintings have disappeared.

Cao Ba was born in Qiaoxian County (now Bo County, Anhui Province). He is good at drawing horses and portraits. Today's paintings are no longer passed down.

Han Gan, a native of Jingzhao (now Xi 'an), is good at drawing portraits, figures, ghosts and gods, especially horses. The existing works include the album "Horse-grazing Map" in the National Palace Museum in Taipei and the volume "White Picture at Night" in the Metropolitan Museum of America. In addition, the old title "Han Gan Shenjun Map" was collected in Liaoning Provincial Museum, which is now designated as a copy of five generations.

Wei Yan, a native of Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), is good at drawing figures, pommel horses and landscapes. Today, we can know the style of Li Gonglin's "Imitating the Grazing and Pasturing Map of Wei Yan" in the Palace Museum.

Bian Luan was born in Jingzhao (now Xi 'an). Good at painting birds and flowers with broken branches, and also good at bees and butterflies, played an important role in the process of independent flower-and-bird painting. Handed down from ancient times, there is a picture of tea and snow finches in Meihua Mountain, which is recorded in the Grand View of Famous Paintings in Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

Diao Guangyin (about 852-935), whose name is Diao Guang, was born in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an). He is good at painting dragon water, bamboo stones, flowers and birds, etc., and has been diligent in painting all his life, mostly flowers and birds. He was a famous painter of the Five Dynasties, Huang Quan, and taught his art personally. Handed down from ancient times "Sketch Flower Book" has been designated as a work in disguise.

Five Dynasties and Two Song Dynasties

Zhou Wenju was born in Jurong (now Jiangsu). The figure of Liulitang in Flier Museum is a copy of Qing Dynasty.

Gu Hongzhong, a native of Jiangnan, is the only work handed down from ancient times in Gu Hongzhong.

Guan Xiu (832-912) was born in Lanxi, Wuzhou (now Zhejiang). Good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, painting inherited the style of Yan Liben, and then became a family. The works handed down from ancient times include The Sixteen Arhats, a copy of the Song Dynasty, which is hidden in Gaotai Temple in Kyoto, Japan.

Xu Xi was born in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). He is good at painting flowers, birds, fish, fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately, the original works are gone. The Snow Bamboo Map collected by Shanghai Museum is considered to reflect the style of Xu Xi.

Huang Quan (93-965) was born in Chengdu. Handed down from ancient times, there is the volume Sketching Rare Birds in the Palace Museum.

Jing Hao, whose name is Haoran, was born in Qinshui (now Shanxi) and was a painter of the Back Beam in the Five Dynasties. The Kuang Lu Tu, which is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, is said to be his work.

Guan Tong, a fellow worker, was born in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an). In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was also known as "three landscapes" with Li Cheng and Fan Kuan. Handed down from ancient times, there are "Travel Map of Guanshan Mountain" and "Map of Mountain Stream Waiting for Crossing", both of which are in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Zhao Gan, a native of Jiangning (now Nanjing), is good at painting landscapes, trees and buildings. The first snow on the river, which is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, is his only work.

dong yuan (? -962), whose name is Shu Da, was born in Zhong Ling (now northwest of Jinxian, Jiangxi Province). The existing authentic works include the Map of Longsu Suburb in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the Map of Summer Mountain in Shanghai Museum and the Map of Xiajing Mountain Pass Waiting for Crossing in Liaoning Museum, the Map of Xiaoxiang in the National Palace Museum and the Map of Xi 'an in the relocation place of American King Ji.

Ju Ran was born in Jiangning (now Nanjing). Works of landscape, handed down from ancient times include Akiyama Asking (collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei), Wanhe Songfeng (collected by the Shanghai Museum), Shan Jutu (collected by Saito's family in Japan) and Higashiyama (whose hiding place is unknown). In addition, the Layered Rocks and Trees Map, Xiao Yizhan Lanting Map (both collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei) and Xishan Lan Ruo Map (collected in the Cleveland Museum of Fine Arts in the United States), which have always been regarded as Ju Ran's original works.

Zhao Ji (182-1135), the eleventh son of Shenzong, reigned for 25 years. Among the works handed down from generation to generation, such works as Stone Picture of Xianglong, Golden Rooster of Furong, Listening to the Qin, Snow River Returning to Ba (all of which are in the Palace Museum), Ruihe (in the Liaoning Provincial Museum), and Bamboo and Birds (in the Metropolitan Museum of America) are all recognized by experts as masterpieces by experts. Only the Four Birds in the Nelson Art Museum, the Willow Crow in the Shanghai Museum and the Autumn Night in the Pond in the National Palace Museum in Taipei are recognized as his own handwriting.

Li Gonglin (149-116) was born in Shucheng (now Buried Hill, Anhui Province). Some works, such as "Lotus Society Map" and "Elegant Garden Map", have been handed down from generation to generation. The authenticity of the biographical copies of "Exempting from Missing" and "The Picture of Filial Piety" in the National Palace Museum in Taipei and Princeton University in the United States remains to be studied.

Liang Kai, whose ancestral home is Dongping (now Shandong), lives in Qiantang (Hangzhou). Good at painting figures, landscapes, Taoism and Buddhism, ghosts and gods. The pictures handed down from ancient times, such as Autumn Willow Flying Crows (collected by the Palace Museum), Six Ancestors Breaking Scriptures, Six Ancestors Cutting Bamboo (collected by the National Tokyo Museum of Japan) and The Painting of the Fairy with Ink Splashing (collected by the National Palace Museum of Taipei), are all drawn with extremely concise pen and ink and highly generalized techniques. The immortals in "Painting the Immortal with Ink Splash" painted the characters' clothes with a large amount of ink, and sketched the characters' faces with a few strokes, which was vivid and vivid, which was a new creation at that time. The Story Map of Eight Eminent Monks in Shanghai Museum and the Map of Sakyamuni Coming out of the Mountain in Tokyo National Museum of Japan are rigorous in modeling and cautious in using pens, which are different from the brush reduction method. Japan also has a copy of "The Poem of Taibai".

Gong Kai (1222-ca. 134) was born in Huaiyin (now Jiangsu). Handed down works mainly include: Zhongshan Going on Excursion in Flier Art Collection, USA, and Jun Gu Tu in Osaka Art Collection, Japan.

Zhang Zeduan, a native of Dongwu (now Shandong), is a painter of industrial circles, especially good at boats and bridges. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the Palace Museum is his masterpiece. In addition, the Tianjin Art Museum has a small "West Lake Bidding Map" with the signature "Zhang Zeduan", which is a fake work.

Su Hanchen, a native of Kaifeng, is good at painting Taoist figures, especially children. Today, there are the axes of "Autumn Courtyard Baby Play" (collected by the Palace Museum) and "Merchant Map" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Li Song is from Qiantang (Hangzhou). Mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, and figures can all be used. The Shanghai Museum has the West Lake Map, and the Palace Museum has its Tide Watching Map and Hua Lantu, which shows seasonal flowers. Another "Skeleton Phantom Play" is hidden in the Palace Museum.

Huang jucai (933-? ), the word "Luan", from Chengdu. His works handed down from generation to generation include the scroll "The Picture of the Mountain Swallow and the Thorn Bird" in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Zhao Chang (? -about 116), the word Changzhi, Guanghan (now Jiannan, Sichuan). He is good at painting flowers and fruits, and his works have rarely been handed down from generation to generation. The Drawing of a Butterfly from Sketch in the Palace Museum is handed down as his works.

Yi Yuanji, whose name is Qingzhi, is from Changsha. Good at painting roe deer, apes, flowers and birds, etc. Today, there is a picture of gathering apes (Tibet, Japan).

Cui Bai, whose initials are West, is Haoliang (now Jiangxi). In addition to painting flowers and birds, he is also good at painting Taoism to explain ghosts and gods and creating many murals. The Palace Museum has its "Cold Bird Map" volume.

Wen Tong (118-179) was born in Yongtai, Zizhou (now Yanting, Sichuan). Guangdong Museum has a scroll of Mozhu Map, which is a copy of this scroll. The Collection of Dead Wood, Bamboo and Stone collected by Shanghai Museum, the authenticity of which remains to be tested; The axis of "Mozhu Map" in the Chinese History Museum is a work of transmission.

Yang Buzhi (197-1169), whose name is innocent, was also known as the old man who escaped from Zen and the old man who cleared away foreigners, and was from Nanchang. Handed down works include the Four Plum Blossoms in the Palace Museum, and the Xuemei Map in the Palace Museum.

Zhao Mengjian (1199-? ), the word Zigu,No. Yi Zhai, is good at painting daffodils, plum blossoms, orchids, bamboo stones, etc., with a delicate and elegant style. The works handed down today include the volume of Moran Map, the page of Three Friends of the Cold Year and the volume of Narcissus Map, which are hidden in the Palace Museum.

Li Gonglin (see above for his life story), among the works handed down from generation to generation, Wu Ma Tu is one of the most credible original works.

Qi Xu, a native of Jiangnan, works with bamboo feathers and is good at painting buffaloes. Today, the volume of "Jiangshan Grazing Map" is kept in the Palace Museum.

Li cheng (? -967), the word Xianxi, is good at painting landscapes for self-entertainment. Only the "Reading the Stone Map of Monuments" hidden in Japan was confirmed as an original.

Fan Kuan, a neutral character, is from Huayuan, Shaanxi. Handed down works include the Qiu Jiang Fishing Boat Map, which is kept in the Nelson Museum in Kansas, USA.

Guo Xi was born in wen county, Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province). There are relatively many works handed down from ancient times, such as The Picture of Trees in a Flat Horizon in the Metropolitan Museum of America, The Picture of Early Spring and the Picture of Guanshan Chun Xue in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, The Picture of a Valley in the Shanghai Museum, The Picture of a Mountain Village in Nanjing University, The Travel Picture of Autumn Mountain in Yunnan Provincial Museum and The Picture of a Stone in a Flat Horizon in the National Palace Museum.

Yan wengui was born in Xing Wu (now Zhejiang). His existing works include "The View of the Hill Building", which is collected in Osaka City Art Museum, Japan, and "The Stream Wind Map" collected in Japan is also an original.

Wang Shen, whose name is Jin Qing, lives in Kaifeng. As the representative, there are two volumes, the Snow Map in Fishing Village in the Palace Museum and the Stack Map of Yanjiang River in Shanghai Museum, one in cyan and one in ink.

Mi Fei (151-117), with the character stamp, was born in Taiyuan, moved to Xiangyang, Hubei, and settled in Runzhou in his later years. He is known as the "Mi Dian" because he is talented, crazy and open-minded, and has served the Tang people well. He is good at painting landscapes with ink and wash, and believes in writing more, not taking care of details, creating a "Mi Jiashan" painting method. I also like to paint portraits of ancient sages. Today, the only painting trace that can be seen is a coral painted at the back of the book of Coral Post, a calligraphy work hidden in the Palace Museum. The brushwork is as simple as writing.

Mi Youren (168-1165), the eldest son of Mi Fei. There are many paintings handed down from generation to generation. The Palace Museum has two volumes of Xiaoxiang Wonder Map and Yunshan Ink Opera Map, the Shanghai Museum has the Xiaoxiang Baiyun Map and the Metropolitan Museum of America has the Yunshan Map.

Guo Zhongshu was born in Luoyang, Henan province. Few works have been handed down from generation to generation, and only the Map of the Snowy River collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei can be used for research.

Wang Ximeng, there is no history of painting. Created a map of a thousand miles across the country.

Li Tang was born in Heyang (now Mengxian County, Henan Province). The scroll of Wan He Song Feng Tu (collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei) was written by Li Tang at the age of 7, reflecting the landscape painting of Li Tang in the Northern Song Dynasty. The volume of "Small Scenery of Jiangshan" hidden in the same place is close to the style of the previous picture.

Liu Songnian, a native of Qiantang (Hangzhou), is the masterpiece of his landscape painting with the volume Four Scenery in the Palace Museum.

Ma Yuan, whose word is Yaofu, is from Yongji, Shanxi Province. The "Tuge Map" in the Palace Museum can be regarded as his representative work of this style.

Xia Gui, whose name is Yuyu, is from Qiantang (Hangzhou). His painting style is very similar to that of Ma Yuan, and his composition is also blank. He is called "Ma Banbian", which is often referred to as "Ma and Xia" in painting history. The representative works include the volume of Qingyuan Mountain in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the volume of Twelve Scenery of Mountains and Rivers, the figure of smoke and love in Yaocen in the National Palace Museum and the axis of Autumn Moon in Dongting in the Flier Museum in the United States.

Liao Jinyuan

Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322) was born in Xing Wu (present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang Province), the son of Zhao Kuangyin XI, the son of Qin Defang. Zhao Mengfu is well-read, and has profound attainments in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music, especially in painting and calligraphy. His paintings have a wide range of themes and diverse styles, including landscapes, figures, bamboo stones and flowers and birds. There are also various forms of expression, such as meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork, turquoise and ink painting. Zhao Mengfu advocated that painting should have "ancient meaning", advocated "the same origin of painting and calligraphy", emphasized painting with calligraphy, and advocated learning from nature, and put forward the slogan "Yunshan is my teacher everywhere". The landscape paintings handed down from generation to generation mainly include: Young Yu Qiu He Tu in the Fine Arts Collection of Princeton University in the United States, Quehua Qiu Se Tu in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Heavy River Stack Tu and Xing Wu Qingyuan Tu in the Shanghai Museum, and Water Village Tu in the National Palace Museum, etc.

Gao Kegong (1248-131) was born in Fangshan (now Beijing). He is good at poetry and painting, painting landscapes, ink bamboo and so on. The main works handed down from ancient times are collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.