1. Read the following classical Chinese passage and complete 17

Three (20 points) 17.D (3 points) 18.C D (4 points, 2 points each) 19. ①( After Wang Niansun was dismissed from his official position, he entertained himself by writing books every day and wrote "Reading Magazine".

② (Liu Yuchong) often walks alone in the courtyard, shaking his head and saying to himself: "How could the ancients deceive me?" (4 points, 2 points each. The meaning is consistent, Any deficiencies will be deducted) 20. Wang Niansun read thousands of volumes in order to verify one word, persevered, and rigorously studied, which is worthy of praise; Liu Yuchong blindly followed the classics and did not change the past, and ended up in a sad end. We must learn from it.

(4 points, 2 points each. 1 point for scholarly attitude, 1 point for inspiration.

As long as the meaning is consistent, any shortcomings will be deducted). 2. Which classical Chinese article does Wang Niansun's courtesy name Huaizu come from?

Qing historical records

Wang Niansun's courtesy name Huaizu was from Gaoyou Prefecture. His father Anguo was a minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. His posthumous title was Wensu and he had his own biography. At the age of eight, he finished reading the Thirteen Classics and studied history. When Emperor Gaozong visited the south, he was greeted by his ministers, presented with documents and books, and given gifts to the candidates. In the 40th year of Qianlong's reign, he became a Jinshi and was selected as a scholar of the Hanlin Academy. He disbanded and became the head of the Ministry of Industry. He was promoted to doctor, promoted to Shaanxi Taoist censor, and transferred to the official department to Shizhong. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, Renzong was in power personally, and the Shichuan and Chu religious bandits were rampant. He read Sun Chen's six stories about suppressing bandits, and impeached the great scholar He Shen for the first time. In this year, the Yongding River in Zhili was awarded. In the sixth year, the river embankment flooded the mouth, and he was specially ordered to stay to supervise the river work. When the work is completed, the principal will be rewarded with a title. When the Hengjialou River in Henan Province was destroyed, he was ordered to investigate, and then ordered to go to Taizhuang to manage the river affairs. He sought to grant the Shandong Canal Channel, and during his six years in office, he adjusted the Yongding River Channel. The governor of Huidonghe and the governor of Shandong had objections to the idea of ??diverting the Yellow River to benefit the country, and called them into the capital to decide what was right and wrong. I read that Sun Zuo diverted the Yellow River into the lake, which must not be silted up, but it is harmless for the time being, so the edict allows it. Now the Yongding River has swelled again, just like the six-year-old pass. When I thought about Sun, he committed a crime and got the decree to stop. In the fifth year of Daoguang's reign, he held a banquet with Lu Ming and died at the age of eighty-nine.

Nian Sun Gu was proficient in water conservancy books and worked in the Ministry of Government and Industry. He wrote the first and second chapters of Guiding the River. And when I was ordered to compile a chronicle of the source of the river, the commentators may have mistakenly pointed to the source of the river. Nian Sun tried to identify the errors, but the discussion was settled. There is a category of errors in the chronicle, and Nian Sun wrote it. After he was dismissed from office, he amused himself with his writings and wrote reading magazines, including Yizhou Shu, Warring States Ce, Guanzi, Xunzi, Yanzi Chunqiu, Mozi, Huainanzi, Shiji, Hanshu, and Hanli Supplements, all in eighty-two volumes. The obscurity of ancient meanings, the miswriting of banknotes, and the erroneous corrections in proofreading are all corrected one by one. The proof of one word can reach thousands of volumes, and he is so good at collating it.

He first received audio and text exegesis from Xiuning Dai Zhen. He was familiar with the classics and the door of Sinology. He compiled three hundred poems, nine classics, and the rhymes of Chu Ci, divided into twenty-one ancient sounds. Regarding the division into three parts of Zhi, Zhi, and Zhi, this is also seen in the sound table of Duan Yucai's six books, and its division into four parts of Zhi, Ji, Yu, and Ji is not mentioned in Duan's book. Niansun Yi Duan Shu was the first to write it, so he stopped writing it.

Shao Jinhan was first known as Erya Zhengyi, so he wrote Guangya Shuzheng. The three characters in the day are Cheng. After ten years of reading, it was written into thirty-two volumes. His book uses ancient sounds to seek ancient meanings, draws parallels, expands elegance and prose, and reaches everything. However, the sound and text are so strict that there is no mess at all. Gai borrowed Zhang Yi's book to incorporate various theories, but there are actually many that Yi did not know, and at the same time, Hui Dong and Dai Zhen did not know.

Changyu Ziyin said: "The purpose of exegesis lies in the sound. Words with the same or close sounds are often borrowed in the classics. Scholars use the sound to seek meaning and break the borrowed words to read the text. The characters are easy to interpret. If the interpretation is forced to use borrowed characters, the result will be unintelligible. There are many borrowed characters in Mao Gong's poems and the original characters have been read before Kang Cheng's poems were written. , it is often said that a certain person is borrowed from the Ming Dynasty. Later generations may have borrowed the ancient characters because of their illness. "He also said: "Those who explain the scriptures only hope to get the meaning of the scriptures, and there is no need to stick to one family." In order to promote court teachings, he compiled fifteen volumes of commentary on the meaning of the classics, ten volumes of interpretations of the classics, exegesis of ancient Zhou and Qin characters, and dictionary research. Commentators say that there is a method of clearing scriptures that is unique throughout the ages. The knowledge of the Wang family in Gaoyou has been inherited for three generations, and is comparable to Hui's in Changzhou.

The name is Boshen. In the fourth year of Jiaqing's reign, he was awarded the title of First Class Jinshi and was awarded the title of editor. First class in the college entrance examination, promoted to serve as a lecturer.

From official position to minister of the Ministry of Industry. Longxi Order of Fujian Province Zhu Lvzhong falsely accused the chief envoy Li Gengyun and was impeached. Governor Wang Zhiyi and governor Wang Shaolan impeached him. There is no supporting evidence for the book, and the more urgent it is to hold on to it. Gengyun couldn't bear it, so she suffered from menstruation. He was ordered to be jailed, rehabilitated and imprisoned, and the governor and governor dismissed. When he was the minister of the Ministry of Rites, it was proposed that Ding You should be responsible for the birth of his grandmother for three years, but he could not hold on to it. When the meeting is envoyed, those who hold the proposal will report it quickly. In return, Shuchen's concubine's grandmother is not an ancestral enemy, and cannot be regarded as bearing the burden. Yuanqing, that is, a lifetime of obedience is not enough to repay Wangji; rituals, the meaning of bearing the burden, cannot be imposed on the concubines. Please return to the old rule of mourning for one year and correct it. In the fourteenth year of Daoguang's reign, he died and was given the posthumous title Wenjian.

Collapse and edit this paragraph 3. Translation of Wang Mian's Scholarship in Classical Chinese

Original text

Wang Mian was a native of Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered him to herd cattle on the mountain, sneak into the school building, and listen to the students reciting books. After listening, he memorized them silently. When he returned home in the evening, he forgot his cow, and his father was angry and bitten him. It's back to its original state. The mother said, "You are so crazy, why won't you listen to what you do?" Mian Yin left and lived in a monk's temple. At night, he went out and sat on the Buddha's lap, held the plan and illuminated the long-lit lamp, and read it, and it was so clear that the whole day was over. There are many earthen idols in the Buddha statues, they are ferocious and frightening, and they are as calm as if they don't know how to look at them.

Translation

Wang Mian is from Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father asked him to herd cattle on the field. He secretly ran into the school to listen to the students reading. After listening to it, I always remember it silently. When he returned home in the evening, he forgot all about the cattle grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and beat Wang Mian. Afterwards, he was still like this. His mother said: "This child wants to study so much, why not let him do it?" Wang Mian therefore left home and stayed in a temple. As soon as night came, he would quietly come out and sit on the lap of the Buddha statue. He held a book in his hand and read under the light of the lantern in front of the Buddha statue. The sound of the book continued until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are made of clay, and their faces are ferocious and scary. Although Wang Mian was a child, his expression was calm, as if he had not seen anything. 4. Classical Chinese essays about studying and establishing a career

"Encouraging Learning" The gentleman said: Learning is something you can't do anymore. Green is derived from blue and is green from blue; ice is derived from water and is cold from water. The wood is straight and the rope is in the middle, and the frame is used as a wheel, and its bends are regular. Although it is rough and violent, it is no longer straight, and the frame is used to make it so. Therefore, when wood is supported by a rope, it will be straight, and when metal is sharpened, it will be beneficial. A gentleman who is knowledgeable and examines himself day by day will know how to act without making mistakes. If I think about it all day long, it is not as good as what I have learned in just a moment; if I stoop and look at it, it is not as good as climbing up to gain insights. When you climb high and move, your arms are not lengthened, but you can see far away; when you call along the wind, your sound is not faster, but you can hear it clearly. A fake horse can travel thousands of miles without benefiting from its feet; a fake boat can run a thousand miles without benefiting from the water. A gentleman's life is not different, he is good at things and fake things. Accumulating soil creates a mountain, and wind and rain stir up it; accumulating water creates a abyss, and dragons emerge; accumulating good deeds creates virtue, and the gods are content with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared. Therefore, if you do not accumulate steps, you cannot reach a thousand miles; if you do not accumulate small streams, you cannot reach a river or sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten times, but it's hard to give up. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not be broken; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved. Earthworms don't have sharp claws and teeth, nor strong muscles and bones. They eat earth and drink from the underworld. They have the same intention. A crab with six knees and two pincers is not a snake and eel that has nothing to rely on in its cave, so it means it is impatient.

For learning

Are things in the world difficult or easy? If you do it, what is difficult will become easy; if you don't do it, what is easy will also be difficult. Is it difficult or easy for people to learn? If you learn it, everything that is difficult will become easy; if you don't learn it, everything that is easy will also be difficult.

There are two monks in Shu, one is poor and the other is rich. The poor said to the rich: "What do I want to do with the South China Sea?"

The rich said: "How can I rely on it to go there?"

He said: "I have a bottle of one. The bowl is enough."

The rich man said: "I have been trying to buy a boat for several years, but I have not been able to do so. How can I go there alone?"

The next year, the poor man will go there. Return from the South China Sea to tell the rich. The rich are ashamed.

From Western Shu to the South China Sea, I don’t know how many thousands of miles there are. The rich monks can’t get there, but the poor ones can’t get there. How can a person's determination be inferior to that of a humble monk from Shu? 5. Gu Yanwu’s Scholarship and Ancient Prose

Gu Yan’s martial arts never let go of the scrolls. When Mr. Fan traveled ⑴, he accompanied him with two horses and three mules carrying books.

When you arrive at Esai (2), you will call the old soldiers to retreat and inquire about its twists and turns (3); if it is inconsistent with what you have heard on weekdays (4), you will send a letter to the shop to check it out (5).

Or if you are walking in the plains and fields without paying enough attention, you will silently recite the commentaries on the sutras on the saddle.

(Selected from "Mr. Tinglin's Shinto Table") [Note] ⑴Mr. Fan's Travel: Mr. Fan went on a trip. Sir, it refers to Gu Yanwu.

⑵ Ersai: a dangerous place. ⑶Twists and turns: details.

⑷Or: Yes. ⑸That is: approach, extended to direction.

Fong Si: A shop in a market. Check: Check and correct.

⑹ Walk directly: Walk directly. ⑺Inadequate: Not worthy.

⑻ Commentary on various classics: Commentary and commentary on various classic works. ⑼ Mature: careful and serious.

[Interpretation] "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." Many people's first understanding of Gu Yanwu probably originated from this famous saying full of patriotic ***.

This patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was diligent in studying since childhood. He was enlightened at the age of 6 and started reading history books and literary classics at the age of 10. He treats reading and learning honestly and seriously.

The article "Gu Yanwu Can't Let Go of the Scroll" uses very concise language to vividly portray Gu Yanwu, who is eager to learn and tireless. Wherever Gu Yanwu went, books were always with him. He would "carry books with two horses and three mules" and sit on horseback to recite scriptures. "Occasionally he would forget," and he would have to find books to review carefully.

The valuable thing is that Gu Yanwu is not a rote reader. Once he finds something inconsistent with what he usually hears, he has to open the book to check and correct it. It is precisely with this spirit that Gu Yanwu completed a book based on on-the-spot investigation that combines documentary materials with on-the-spot historical investigation - "Book of the County of the World".

Translation: Whenever Gu Yanwu traveled, he used two horses and three mules to load books. When I arrived at a dangerous place, I asked the retired guard for details; if some of the details were different from what I usually heard, I checked and corrected them with a book at an inn in a nearby market.

Sometimes I walked directly through the plains and wilderness, and there was nothing worth paying attention to, so I silently read the annotations and evidence of various classics on horseback; occasionally I forgot something, so I just read it silently on horseback. 6. Fan Zhen’s study of classical Chinese

Original text:

① Fan Zhen was lonely and poor when he was young, and he was filial to his mother. When I was still young, I heard that Liu Wangxian of Pei Kingdom gathered a crowd to give a lecture, and I started to follow him. He is outstanding and not in a group but diligent in learning. He offers something extraordinary and is the best in his own life. I have been under Wang Xian's family for many years, going back and forth to my house, wearing commoner clothes and walking on the road alone. There are many carriages and horses at Wang Xianmen's gate, so you can watch them carefully at the gate, feeling ashamed. He is a long-time scholar and has extensive knowledge of classics, especially "Three Rites"④. He is straightforward by nature, likes to speak dangerously and has high opinions, and is not popular with scholars and friends. Wei is good with his younger brother Xiao Chen, whose name is Guanbian.

Notes: ①Zhen (zhěn): Fan Zhen. A materialist philosopher in the Southern Dynasties and an atheist. ②Liu Wangxian (hun): He has extensive knowledge of the Five Classics and is regarded as a great Confucian scholar. ③Mang (juē): Straw sandals. ( ④"Three Rites": the collective name of "Rituals", "Zhou Rites" and "Book of Rites". ⑤Xiao Chen: from the Southern Dynasties.

Translation:

Fan Zhen, courtesy name Zizhen Fan Zhen's father died when he was young, and his family was poor. He served his mother filially and respectfully. When he was less than 20 years old, he studied with Liu Wangxian, a scholar of Pei State. Liu Wangxian valued him very much and crowned him personally for many years. , always wearing straw sandals and common clothes when going out for a walk. Most of Liu Wangxian's disciples were the children of princes and nobles who rode in cars and horses. Fan Zhen did not feel ashamed at all when he grew up. ", "Etiquette", "Book of Rites"). He is simple and outspoken by nature, and likes to publish unconventional and grand opinions, which his friends think is inappropriate. He only gets along best with his cousin Xiao Chen, who is famous for his eloquence. I always admire Fan Zhen for his simplicity and conciseness.