Translated by Roger von Auger Zhang Kaixun

relax

People are serious about important things, but there is no need to keep a straight face in everything. Monkeys can make serious expressions like prestigious scholars, but monkeys look serious because they feel itchy.

Make your own rules

According to the ancient fable book, whoever can untie this strange knot is destined to be the king of Asia.

All the people who tried to untie this complicated strange knot failed. Then it was Alexander's turn to try. He tried his best to find the thread of this knot. The result is still helpless. Later, he said, "I want to establish my own rules for the dissolution." He drew his sword and split the knot in two. He became the king of Asia.

Ask a few more ifs

Always ask yourself some strange questions. If so, what will happen. What if animals become smarter than people? What if the expressway uses blue and red instead of black according to different speed limits? What happens if a man gives birth to a child? This kind of question can expand your thinking and lead to new ideas.

Use your imagination.

When I was young, whether telling stories or playing games, I was cultivating and stimulating my imagination. Gradually when you grow up, people will say, "You have grown up. Stop dreaming. Put your feet on the ground. " As Picasso said, "Every child is an artist. The question is how to keep the artist's spirituality when he grows up. "

Think in different ways.

Scientist Elbert Saint Georgi said: "Creative thinking is to look at the same thing in a different way from others." The first person who saw useless sawdust and thought it could be pressed into ignited fuel achieved extraordinary success. The first person who saw the block baking soda and thought of using it as a refrigerator deodorant also succeeded. The first person who wanted to eat oysters at the sight of them also succeeded.

Get out of your box.

Every culture, industry and institution has its own way of looking at the world. New ideas and good ideas often come from cutting off the boundaries of well-trained thinking and looking for new fields. As the reporter Robert Wilt said, "Anyone can look at fashion in shops and history in museums. But creative pioneers look at history at hardware stores and fashion at airports. "

Look at the problem through the picture

1866, a farmer in Iowa looked at the transcontinental railway being built next to his field and saw paved tracks and passing trains. He thinks that the so-called railways are just tracks and trains. He didn't see anything. His products can gain more markets more quickly, and from then on, they will go all out to compete with products from other places, and people can reach the west coast from the east coast within a week. People can share knowledge, and people from different regions can get together and get married. He saw steel and wheels, but he didn't see what would happen next.

Let it develop naturally.

An architect designed an office building around the central green space. When it was finished, the man from the Garden Administration came to ask him where the sidewalk should be built. "Plant all kinds of grass in the open space between buildings," he replied. After summer, many paths were trodden on the grass between buildings. These trails are elegant and natural, and the wider people walk, the narrower people walk. In autumn, architects ask people to lay sidewalks along these tread marks. These roads are beautifully designed and fully meet the needs of pedestrians.

Teaching objectives:

1, learn to pay attention to life and discover philosophy from life.

2. Cultivate your creative thinking ability.

3. Understand the language features of "on-demand recording".

Teaching emphases and difficulties:

Understand the significance and characteristics of creative thinking and master the methods of creative thinking initially.

Teaching time: two hours.

Teaching process:

first kind

First introduce the new lesson (telling the story created by Lu Ban):

Lu Ban is the founder of Chinese folk craftsmen.

Take the invention of the saw as an example. On one occasion, when completing an emergency construction task, Lu Ban led his disciples up the mountain to cut down trees for several days. However, due to the backward logging tools, they got up early and were greedy for darkness, waving axes, but there was still no wood. He was in a hurry. One day, at first light, when Lu Ban was working, he was accidentally cut by a thatched leaf. He picked up a blade of grass and found that its edge was covered with serrated teeth. Turning around, he saw a big locust with two big ears eating grass quickly. Luban caught a locust, and when he saw it, its teeth grew well. Look at the leaves of silk grass and the big die of locust, and his heart will be suddenly enlightened.

He cut the bamboo into strips and carved many serrations on it, just like the locusts planted on the leaves of silk grass died. Pull a tree with it, only a few times, and the bark will break; With another effort, the trunk sawed a deep ditch. But after a long time, the sawtooth on the bamboo skin is either dull or broken. Lu Ban believes that if bamboo sticks are replaced by iron bars, they will be very hard and durable. So he immediately asked the blacksmith to make a serrated iron bar and use it to pull the tree. It's really sharp This is the invention of the saw.

Second, the word teaching:

Suddenly: the description is very similar. graceful

I can't do anything: I can't do anything, I can't think of anything.

Third, read the text and analyze it one by one to understand the truth of creative thinking.

(1) Relax

1, understanding analysis:

Being serious doesn't mean being creative. Only when people relax can they get inspiration.

The author takes the monkey as a metaphor and describes the image in detail. The serious image of the monkey is in sharp contrast with the itch of the monkey below, which makes people understand that it is unnecessary to keep a straight face in everything.

2. For example:

Psychological research shows that people's mind is in a relaxed state, but their memory ability will be improved and creativity will erupt.

(2) The key for monks to meditate is to relax. Only after relaxing can they be quiet and have an epiphany.

3 "If you have the heart to plant flowers, you will not send them." "Iron shoes have nowhere to break, and they are effortless."

④ Invention and creation of rubber vulcanization technology. Goode, an American scientist, accidentally dropped the mixture of rubber and sulfur on the hot stove in the experiment. When he scraped it off, he was surprised to find that the heated mixture of rubber and sulfur was not sticky, although it was hot and not hard after cooling. This opportunity can be said to be unconsciously discovered in a relaxed state.

(2) Create your own rules

Understanding analysis:

Described an example of breaking away from convention and achieving success. "Being at a loss" is to solve the dilemma of "Golding deadlock" with conventional thinking methods. Alexander, on the other hand, broke the conventional thinking of "establishing his own rules for breaking knots" and split the knot in half with one sword. Conformity and creation are opposites. The fast knot is a symbol, symbolizing the lack of creative consciousness.

This fable tells the true meaning of the word "creation" in simple terms. Creation is by no means imitation, repetition, conformity and deja vu in the general sense. What most people can think of is by no means a good creation. In fact, there is no creation at all. Good creation must be novel, amazing, shocking and effective.

The fast knot just won't open at all. Since God is joking with us, we must take extraordinary measures. Alexander gave us a good inspiration.

"Make your own rules", and "rules" are laws and rules. "Your own rules" should be your own unique rules, personalized but scientific.

Second lesson

First, continue to learn and analyze one by one:

(3) Ask a few more ifs.

1, understanding analysis:

"Always ask yourself strange questions" is used to "expand your mind and lead to new ideas". The strange question is whimsy, which shows that people are not satisfied with their situation. Asking "if" is to find a new way. Fantasy is obeying the rules. If you follow the rules, you don't need imagination. Without imagination, you can't have creative thinking.

2. For example:

Russian scientist Pavlov regards "hypothesis" as "advanced scientific scout".

Engels said: "As long as natural science is thinking, its development form is hypothesis."

After modern high-energy physics has determined that the basic particles that make up matter have structure, American scientists put forward the quark model in 1964, believing that particles are composed of quark particles of the next level. This hypothesis pushes people's exploration of the micro-world to a new stage.

(4) Use your imagination.

1, understanding analysis:

This paragraph is about the importance of imagination in creative thinking.

The first sentence is about childhood imagination. The second sentence is a quotation, on the other hand. The third sentence is a quote from a famous person, from the front. Through positive and negative contrast, the importance of keeping imagination is explained.

Children's imagination stems from their curiosity. When you grow up, if you want to be creative and creative, you must be as curious as a child and "think like a child". Every child is an artist. Why did some people fail to keep the artist's spirituality? Will you lose your imagination when you grow up?

2. For example:

Children have a rich imagination. A teacher drew a point on the blackboard with chalk and asked middle school students what it was. Middle school students' answer is "a point drawn on the blackboard with chalk". This is the only answer. But there are more than 50 answers from kindergarten children. It's a squashed bug, an owl's eye, and so on.

(e) Think differently.

Understanding analysis:

Looking at the problem from another angle and in a different way from ordinary people, you may find something and walk out of a new road. The "first" in this article is a brave creator. In the face of something that no one has tried, some people use their imagination, break the routine and succeed.

(6) Get out of your box.

Understanding analysis:

This paragraph is about getting rid of the shackles of habitual thinking. The "box" in this paper is the "trained thinking boundary" mentioned in this paper, which means that the bondage of habitual thinking comes from the "training" of human beings. Then give an example to prove that it inspires people to think from another angle.

(7) Look at the picture.

Understanding analysis:

This passage comes from the feeling of life. Creators should be far-sighted, not confused by the immediate appearance, be good at discovering potential opportunities and seeing the development trend from the immediate things.

The farmer in this paper did not expect that this railway would find more markets for his products, let alone drag him into competition. Through this example, it is pointed out that creators should be good at seeing the development of things, predicting the result of the development of things, and seeing the essence through phenomena.

(8) Let nature take its course.

1, understanding analysis:

This passage also comes from the perception of life. An example of "sidewalk design" contains profound philosophy. "Let nature take its course" is to solve problems according to the original appearance of things and their own laws.

2. For example:

In ancient China, there was a fable about a tree planted by an expert tree planter who survived and thrived. He was asked to introduce his experience, he said, but let it be.

There is also an idiom story in ancient China called "Strong Seedling".

Second, understand the characteristics of ideological records (transcripts).

Features: free and flexible, short and meaningful, giving full play to the characteristics of the record body, the form is eclectic, some use short stories and examples of creators, some quote famous philosophical sayings, and some directly tell their own life feelings, with vivid images and life breath.

Blackboard writing:

Relax (monkey tickles-serious expression)

Make your own rules (Alexander the Great cut the knot that should be untied)

Ask a few more ifs (often ask yourself strange questions)

Use your imagination (every child is an artist. What about growing up? )

Think in different ways (initial sawdust-fuel, etc.). ), pay attention to life and think hard.

Step out of your box (break the stereotype)

Look at the picture (train-vast market)

Let nature take its course (the road forms naturally)