I almost finished reading the second book "Dark Forest" of "Three-body" in one breath. Sitting at my desk, my thoughts can't be calm for a long time. This feeling is not just? Shocked? What two words can cover. Especially when I look up at the starry sky again, the starry sky overhead is no longer the bridge where the cowherd and the weaver girl met when I was a child? Romantic galaxy? Yes At this point, the biggest question in my heart is, are there really aliens in this universe?

What seems to be the simplest and most childish emotional problem has actually been unconsciously linked to? Fermi paradox? [1] are connected. Fermi paradox mainly expounds the contradiction between overestimating the existence of extraterrestrial civilization and lack of relevant evidence. According to Fermi's point of view, theoretically speaking, human beings can fly to various planets in the Milky Way within 654.38+0 million years. Then, aliens should come to the earth as long as they evolved 6.5438+0 million years earlier than humans. In other words? Fermi paradox? Illustrates such a paradox: A. Aliens exist? Scientific inference can prove that aliens evolved much earlier than humans, and they should have come to the earth and existed somewhere; B.aliens don't exist? So far, humans have not found any clues about the existence of aliens. ? Fermi paradox? Astronomy has a broad market, and many famous scientists are very optimistic about it.

However, is this contradiction put forward by Fermi really impeccable and irrefutable? In fact, Liu proposed a possible answer to this seemingly unanswerable question in Dark Forest, that is, the universe? Dark forest law? The universe is a dark forest, and every civilization is a hunter with a gun, sneaking in the forest, gently pushing the branches in the way, trying not to make a sound, even breathing carefully? He must be careful, because the forest is full of sneaky hunters like him. If he finds other life, whether it is a hunter, an angel or a devil, a delicate baby or a faltering old man, a fairy girl or a god-like boy, there is only one thing he can do: shoot and destroy it! In this forest, others are hell and an eternal threat, and any life that exposes its existence will soon be destroyed. This is the picture of cosmic civilization, and this is the explanation of Fermi's paradox. ? Are you online? Dark forest law? Next, civilizations with higher technical levels tend to hide themselves, making it difficult for other civilizations to explore; And exposed their own civilization was destroyed in the attack of the dark forest. The result of survival choice is that all civilizations become hard to find. This is the responsibility of the singer in the novel to hide himself and clean up the mess? .

What about Liu? Dark forest law? It has had a great impact on my nervous system and cognitive system. Is there no love in this universe? Is this universe, they really equal to hell? Isn't there a higher order in the jungle of the universe? With this series of questions, I can't help but want to take a close look at the inside and outside of this dark and cruel law and see what it is.

From the perspective of science fiction, of course, this is also the author's reasoning process in the novel. Dark forest law? Two self-evident basic axioms from the sociology of the universe: first, survival is the first need of civilization; Second, civilization continues to grow and develop, but the total amount of matter in the universe remains basically unchanged. Starting from these two basic axioms, it is inevitable to draw the basic contradiction between the limited resources of the universe and the infinite development of the universe civilization. At this time, the author skillfully introduced two important concepts: chain of suspicion and technological explosion. The former means that two civilizations suspect each other before communication, but in the universe where communication between different civilizations is very difficult, such suspicion will continue to circulate until communication forms a chain, that is, a chain of suspicion. The concrete chain is as follows: one civilization cannot judge whether another civilization is good or bad, another civilization thinks it is good or bad, another civilization will attack it, and another civilization is good or bad for her [2]; The latter means that the speed and acceleration of civilization progress are not necessarily the same, and the weak civilization is likely to surpass the strong civilization in a short time, thus threatening the survival of the latter. This transcendence may be caused by internal factors or external factors (such as the exchange of cosmic civilization). To sum up, in this cosmic background, it is dangerous for my survival to let you know my existence or let you exist, which is against the first axiom. Therefore, under the basic contradiction between limited cosmic resources and infinite development of cosmic civilization, different civilizations must make choices for the survival of their own civilizations based on the existence of doubt chain and fear of technological explosion. Or is it better to strike first? That is, before the other party finds himself or may threaten himself, destroy it first! Obviously, the author's argument is logical, tenable and even impeccable. When Luo Ji took the maharaja to interpret the dark forest picture of the universe, the maharaja blurted out a sentence at the moment of understanding. Is it really fucking black? . So this? Black? Do Chinese characters also apply to today's human society? What is the difference between today's human society and the cosmic society in the dark forest state in the novel?

First of all, the two axioms set by Liu are still applicable in today's human society, so the basic contradictions in today's human society are basically the same as those in the universal society? That is, the contradiction between the infinity of civilization development and the finiteness of available resources is reflected in the competition among countries for strategic resources such as oil and natural gas. However, this does not mean that all countries are? Life and death? The zero-sum relation of the formula. Although local conflicts continue in today's world, peace and development are still the mainstream in general, which proves this point. If the dark forest state of the universe is to be completely replicated in today's human society, it is necessary to doubt the establishment of the chain and the existence of technological explosion.

Secondly, in today's human society, although the competition between different civilizations is fierce, there is no chain of suspicion between different earth civilizations, or the chain of suspicion will not be as unbreakable as that between different civilizations in the universe. Talking about this, many people will question the chain of suspicion between different civilizations in the cosmic society? I believe that the communication between the two civilizations can completely bridge the gap and avoid the emergence of life and death. In fact, this is because skeptics ignore the biological differences, communication costs and possible survival threats between different galaxy civilizations. In the cosmic society, the distance between two civilizations in light years, unimaginable cultural barriers, and species differences that may reach the door or even the world level have greatly increased the cost of communication, and the damage that communication may cause is unbearable for the cosmic civilization that emphasizes survival first. Therefore, once the chain of suspicion between cosmic civilizations is formed, it will be indestructible; On the other hand, different civilizations in today's human society are also different. Humans share the same species, similar culture and an interdependent ecosystem, which is close at hand. In such an environment, the chain of suspicion can only extend for one or two layers, which will be dispelled by communication.

Third, in today's human society, the possibility and harmfulness of technological explosion of various civilizations is much smaller than that of different civilizations in the cosmic society. Although the technological achievements made by mankind at present may be low-level in the cosmic society, they are enough to make the earth a small one? Global village? . This means that even if the speed and acceleration of civilization progress on the earth are different, due to the increasingly close communication and contact between civilizations on the earth, it is difficult for a strong civilization to maintain its absolute advancement, and a weak civilization may gradually move closer to a strong civilization, but it is difficult to quickly surpass it in a short time, thus threatening its survival. Generally speaking, the development of different civilizations on earth is relatively consistent, which can be seen from the rapid spread and diffusion of two industrial revolutions between different civilizations. In addition, for today's earth society, due to the establishment of modern civilization and social order on a global scale, the leading position of one civilization caused by technological explosion will not pose a substantial direct threat to the survival of other civilizations.

Finally, in today's human society, various civilizations have formed a set of basic moral norms and legal norms that can basically be applied to the whole human world, and there are specific political organizations to ensure their implementation. And this rule and its implementation can effectively control the contradictions and frictions arising from the survival and development of different civilizations on the earth, and prevent them from falling into the universe and just passing by? Life and death? The struggle to resolve the uncontrollable state of the dispute. For example, the establishment of the concepts of national sovereignty and basic human rights in the world has, to a certain extent, ensured that powerful civilizations will not invade or destroy weak civilizations at will; After World War II, the establishment of the United Nations and the trend of peaceful development made the devastating world war basically under control. Personally, this may be the biggest difference between human society and cosmic society in the novel. Obviously, the latter is a society lacking unified moral norms. In this society, contradictions develop into conflicts, and even wars are inevitable. Thus, the whole universe becomes a dark forest full of hidden hunters.

However, mankind did not really cherish the light brought by this norm and order. The ugly nature of human arrogance and greed has been exposed, from pedestrians who lack the awareness of rules to countries that launch wars at will in disregard of the Charter of the United Nations to human beings who blindly destroy the ecological environment and trample on the fragile ecological order between man and nature, resulting in frequent natural disasters and mass extinction of species. This reminds me of a famous epigram in Three-body: Weakness and ignorance are not obstacles to survival, but arrogance is? . In this case, are arrogant human beings who ignore the rules and order of the earth and the world qualified to continue to enjoy the survival pleasure brought by the rules and procedures of the universal society? So the singer in the novel? Want a two-way film for cleaning? There is nothing to regret and regret about using it to destroy human civilization. Speaking of which, do I have to? Like following the trend? Admit it clearly Liu is really a master, a master, a master who criticizes and warns real human beings with science fiction stories!

Anyway, thank you, Liu It was you who patted me on the shoulder on my way to reality and made me look up at the stars!

WeChat official account: Xinyu Xin Yuan