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Representative figures of Confucianism: Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. Works: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi.

Advocacy: Confucianism is one of the important schools in the Warring States period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it took Confucius as the teacher, took the six arts as the law, advocated "propriety and benevolence", advocated "loyalty and forgiveness" and impartial "golden mean", advocated "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government", and attached importance to moral and ethical education and human cultivation.

Confucianism emphasizes the role of education, and thinks that attaching importance to education and neglecting punishment is the only way for the country to be stable and the people to be rich and happy. Advocate "education without class", both the ruler and the ruled should be educated, so that the whole country can become a virtuous person.

Politically, he also advocated ruling the country by courtesy and convincing people by virtue, and called for the restoration of the "Zhou Li", which he thought was the ideal way to realize ideal politics. By the Warring States period, there were eight schools of Confucianism, among which Mencius and Xunzi were the most important.

Representatives of Taoism: Laozi, Zhuangzi and Yang Zhu. Works: Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi.

Advocacy: Taoism is one of the important schools in the Warring States period, also known as "Taoists". Based on Laozi's "Tao" theory at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, this school uses "Tao" to explain the essence, origin, composition and change of all things in the universe. It is believed that heaven does nothing and everything is transformed naturally. It denies that gods and ghosts dominate everything, advocates that Taoism is natural, let nature take its course, and advocates that quietism and women should be soft. The political ideal is "a small country with few people" and "governing by doing nothing". After Laozi, Taoism was divided into different factions. There are four famous schools: Zhuangzi School, Yang Zhu School, Song Yin School and Huang Lao School.

Mohist representative: Mozi. Works: Mozi

Advocacy: Mohism is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, and its founder is Mo Zhai. The theoretical basis of this school is "mutual love and mutual benefit": treat others as yourself; Love is to love others as yourself. The purpose of "mutual benefit" can only be achieved by "blind date in the world" Politically, he advocated respecting sages and Shang Tong without attacking; Economically, it advocates vigorously saving costs; Put forward the idea of respecting heaven and ghosts. At the same time, he also put forward the idea of "non-destiny", emphasizing self-reliance

Mohism has a strict organization, and most of its members come from the lower classes. According to legend, everyone can get rid of fire and knife to motivate themselves. His disciples engaged in debate, which is called "Mo Debate"; Those who engage in martial arts are called "Moxia"; The leader called it a "giant". Its strict discipline, according to legend, "the law of ink, the murderer dies, the injured person is punished" and "Lv Chunqiu went to the fortress", after Mo Zhai's death, split into three factions. By the late Warring States period, it merged into two branches: one focused on the study of epistemology, logic, mathematics, optics, mechanics and other disciplines, which was called "Mohist post-study" (also known as "late Mohist"), and the other was transformed into a ranger in the Qin and Han Dynasties.

Representative figures of Legalism: Han Fei, Li Si and Shang Yang. Works: Everything is done wrong, The Book of Shang Jun, Guanzi.

Advocacy: Legalism is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period. Because it advocates the rule of law, "don't be intimate, don't be noble, and be divorced from the law", it is called a legalist. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong and Zi Chan were the pioneers of legalist thought. In the early Warring States period, Li Kui, Shang Yang, Shen Buhai and Shen Dao founded the Legalist School. By the end of the Warring States period, Han Fei had integrated Shang Yang's "Fa", Shen Dao's "Teacher" and Shen Wu's "Shu" and combined the thoughts and theories of Legalists.

Economically, this school advocates abandoning mineral fields, emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, and rewarding farming; Politically, it advocates abolishing the enfeoffment system, setting up counties, autocratic monarchy, taking advantage of the situation and ruling by severe punishment and strict law; In ideological education, we should ban the theory of a hundred schools of thought, take law as teaching and officials as teachers. His theory provided a theoretical basis and action strategy for the establishment of a unified monarchy. There are 2 17 legalists' works recorded in Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi, and nearly half of them exist, of which the most important ones are Shang Jun Shu and Han Feizi.

Representatives of military strategists: Sun Wu and Sun Bin. Works: Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War.

Advocacy: Military strategists are one of the important schools in the Warring States period, and they have made great achievements mainly in military affairs. "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle." Military famous sayings such as Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War are all written by military strategists, which are deeply influenced by today's society and enjoy a good reputation at home and abroad.