A thousand questions about Taoist common sense 1. Basic knowledge of Taoism
Taoism [1] teaches in the name of "Tao", and we should learn from Laozi's Tao, believe in it and inherit it.
fourth, we should carry forward. Or talk about Laozi and Zhuangzi's theory, or practice both inside and outside words, or talk about the magic of symbols. Its teachings are based on "Tao" or "morality", and it is believed that everything in the world is derived from "Tao", that is, the so-called "two lives, two lives, three lives, and three lives". Social life should follow the "Tao" and finally return to nature.
specifically, it develops the doctrine system from four aspects: "heaven", "earth", "man" and "ghost". Heaven refers not only to the real universe, but also to the place where immortals live.
There are 36 days in heaven, and there are Tianmen in heaven, where there are magnificent buildings and jade palaces, where there are gods, heavenly deities, heavenly emperors, heavenly horses, Tianhe rivers and heavenly soldiers, heavenly generals and heavenly daughters. Its practitioners are heaven.
Land refers to both the real earth and everything, and the hell where ghosts suffer. Its operation is influenced by the tunnel.
people refer to both human beings in general and limited individuals. What people say and do should be humane and humane.
ghosts refer to the places where people go. If a person can cultivate virtue, he can be detached from the darkness and get rid of the suffering. His surname is not recorded in the ghost pass, and he is a famous ghost fairy.
Immortals are also the idol embodiment of Taoist teachings. Taoism is a polytheistic religion, which follows the ancient belief habit of China that the sun, the moon, the stars, rivers, mountains and ancestors and the dead all worship their ancestors, and forms a complex system of gods including gods, earthly gods and ghosts.
Taoism has developed in China for thousands of years and has formed its own unique culture. Taoist culture is extremely elegant and popular. Also, some of them have evolved into "Fan Jidun's lesson" and "Ten-day punishment for drinking and steering", which has become an integral part of the spiritual life of the working people.
2. knowledge about Taoism
teachings: 1 what are the main teachings of Taoism? A: The main doctrine of Taoism believes in a kind of "Tao" that "quietness is the religion, nothingness is the body, and weakness is the use".
"Tao" is all-encompassing and ubiquitous. It is the beginning of everything, and everything in the universe has evolved from "Tao". What is the ultimate goal of Taoism? A: The ultimate goal of Taoism is to make everyone live a long and healthy life through physical and mental cultivation, and to achieve a world of immortals that lives in peace, is in harmony with Taoism and is in harmony with the world.
3 how much do you know about Taoist scriptures? A: During its long development, Taoism has accumulated a large number of classic documents. Some of these classics are scattered among the people, and most of them are included in Taoist scriptures.
During the Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties, rulers of all previous dynasties ordered the compilation of Daozang, such as Kaiyuan Daozang, Dasong Tiangong Treasure, Wanshou Daozang, Great Jin Xuandou Treasure and Xuandu Treasure. But unfortunately, these Taoist scriptures have all died.
the orthodox Taoist scriptures that we can still see now were compiled by Zhang Yuchu, the 43rd generation Tianshi in Ming Dynasty, and Ming Shenzong later ordered Zhang Guoxiang, the 5th generation Tianshi, to compile the Continued Taoist scriptures. This Taoist Collection contains 1476 Taoist books, 5485 volumes, and is divided into 512 letters, and the letters are marked according to the order of "Thousand-character Works".
At present, since 1997, the Chinese Taoist Association, together with Huaxia Publishing House and the Institute of World Religions of China Academy of Social Sciences, has initiated the collation and proofreading of Chinese Taoist Collection. The Chinese Taoist Collection is based on the Orthodox Taoist Collection of the Ming Dynasty and the Continued Taoist Collection of the Wanli Period. It collates, punctuates and reclassifies all kinds of Taoist books collected in the original Taoist Collection, and adds more than 1 kinds of Confucian classics, making it a new Taoist classic series.
The compilation of this book is regarded as an important event in the cultural history of contemporary China and the history of Taoism by the academic and Taoist circles. 4 What are three holes and four auxiliary? A: The so-called "three holes and four auxiliary" is the classification method in Daozang.
The three caves are: the true part of the cave, the mysterious part of the cave and the divine part of the cave. The three caves are subdivided into twelve sub-categories: the text category, the divine symbol category, the jade tactic category, the spiritual map category, the score category and the discipline category.
prestige, methods, techniques, biographies, praises and chapters. Four auxiliary refers to Taixuan Department, Taiping Department, Taiqing Department and Zhengyi Department.
Therefore, Taoist classics are also called "Three-Cave True Classics" or "Seven Classics" and "Thirty-six Classics". What are the main sects of Taoism? A: According to the manuscript of Zhuzhen Sect Book of Beijing Baiyunguan in the late Qing Dynasty, there are 86 Taoist sects with names recorded, and it is estimated that some of them have no written records among the people.
The main contemporary Taoist sects are Quanzhen Taoism and Zhengyi Taoism, and there are many sects under the two sects. 6 What are three disasters and eight difficulties? Answer: Three disasters: Three natural disasters.
first, the wind disaster, second, the fire, third, the flood. Eight difficulties: one is difficult to live humanely, the other is difficult to lose women, the third is completely difficult in shape, the fourth is difficult to live in the middle of the earth, the fifth is difficult in value, the sixth is difficult in nature, the seventh is difficult in value, and the eighth is difficult to meet the three treasures.
it's called eight difficulties. The eight difficulties of "miscellaneous repairs and photos" in Volume 35 of "Seven Signs of Clouds" are not to waste one's mind, not to be a teacher, not to live in seclusion, not to give up the world, not to cut five difficulties, not to make profits, not to make desires, not to divide seven difficulties, and to constantly * * * eight difficulties.
7 what is three smears and five pains? Answer: three smears: first, fire smearing, where the inferno is burned by fierce fire; Second, blood painting, where animals eat each other; Three, knife coating, where the hungry ghost road is forced by the sword. There is also a saying that one of them tries to smear the former, the other two animals pay for their work, and the other three hungry ghosts suffer the most, thirsty for fire essence, hungry for charcoal.
five sufferings: first, the sufferings of the knife mountain and hell; Second, the suffering of the sword tree hell; Third, the suffering of copper column hell; Fourth, protect the suffering of soup hell; Five, the suffering of cold hell is for five pains. 8 What are the four virtues and three possessions of Taoism? Answer: Taoism pays attention to repaying kindness, so it pays with four kinds of kindness.
four benefactors: one day, two monarchs, three parents and four teachers. All these four should be reported back.
three people: one is affectionate, the other is knowledgeable, and the third is predestined. All these three, the Tao will be kissed.
Therefore, the "Four Kindnesses and Three Owns", as a channel, must never forget it. 9 What are the Three Realms? A: There are three realms: First, in terms of time, it is divided into infinite realm, Taiji realm and modern world; First, in terms of space, it is divided into heaven, earth and water; As far as Tao is concerned, it can be divided into the realm of desire, * * *, and * * *.
1 what is the ten squares? A: The ten aspects of Taoism are East, South, West, North, Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest, Above and Below. Therefore, it is called ten square days.
11 immortals have five grades. What are the five grades? A: There are five levels of immortals, which are divided according to the level of cultivation. One is a ghost fairy, the other is a fairy, the third is a fairy, the fourth is a fairy, and the fifth is a fairy.
According to "The Collection of Missionaries", "The Five Immortals: First, they don't keep precepts, keep drinking and eating meat, don't kill life, don't think about goodness, and are ghosts and immortals; Second, those who raise the true qi and live a long life are the immortals; Third, a good war is a sword fairy; Fourth, meditation practitioners are immortals; Fifth, filial piety for teachers and parents is six degrees, and it is convenient to do everything. It saves all sentient beings, eliminates ten evils, does not kill, does not eat wine and meat, and the evil is not stealing. It is sincere and selfless, and it is called a fairy. Why is E not true? A: May Day is an important taboo day for Taoism.
it's called "what's wrong is not true" in teaching. That is, whenever Wuzi, Wuyin, Wuchen, Wuwu, Wushen and Wuwu don't burn incense or recite scriptures, a swastika is hung on the door of the hall.
according to the "law of the blue sky for women", "if a judge and Taoist priest burn incense and recite scriptures, he can't help but hear the bells and drums ringing, and the crime of entering the table to play Tiancao will be doubled; Those who do not commit crimes are boundless in merit. " What is Waidan? Answer: It refers to burning ore drugs such as lead and mercury in a furnace pot to match the elixir to subdue erbium.
Also known as alchemy, elixir and elixir. This external alchemy of burning drugs has become a pioneer in modern chemistry and pharmacology.
In fact, the numerous Buddhist scriptures in Daozang are valuable raw materials of ancient Chinese chemistry. What is Neidan? A: Inner alchemy is a kind of Taoist practice, compared with outer alchemy.
That is, the human body is regarded as a "cauldron", and the essence, qi and spirit in the body are used as drugs to forge a sacred fetus, thus transcending the three realms and reaching the realm of truth with the Tao. What are the three industries? Answer: The three industries, namely, body industry, mouth industry and mind industry, are called the functions of body, mouth and mind.
We monks should strictly observe these three ideas at ordinary times, and we should not act rashly in our bodies, talk nonsense and have no delusions in our hearts, so that we can be honest and not be confused by external things. .
3. Taoist common sense: Why should we be vegetarian on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month
When the change of ocean tides reaches its maximum due to the influence of the moon's profit and loss, the "tide" of blood surging in our human body also reaches its maximum, and our emotions will fall into an extreme state.
There is a more important reason why Taoism advocates vegetarianism. For example, in the related precepts of Taoism, there are explicit provisions, such as "The 18 Commandments of the Old Gentleman", which says, "Do not kill all things, do not fish and hunt to harm all beings, do not dig up things that are hidden in the ground in winter, and do not jump on trees to break eggs", etc. Heaven has the virtue of loving life and killing, and heaven and earth breed all things, and Taoist disciples should love their lives and hate their deaths.
Since human beings stepped out of the wild, vegetarianism has been developing and changing under the influence of the two concepts of self-cultivation and spiritual cultivation. The relationship between vegetarianism and monasticism is reflected in the following three aspects:
1. Spiritual cultivation: With the continuous development of human civilization and natural society, people began to reflect on their eating habits and put vegetarianism into sacred and solemn occasions. On the eve of major sacrificial activities, we must "stay vegetarian for a few days, so as to purify our bodies and minds." Clearing our minds "is mainly about not indulging in indulgence and being content with a calm state of mind. Monks gradually realize that indulgence is not only harmful to our health, but also the root cause of all disasters. There is a folk custom of being vegetarian on the first day and the fifteenth day, that is, to" cultivate "
2. cultivate one's morality: Lu's spring and autumn annals emphasizes oneself says: "if the taste is precious, the stomach will be full, and if the stomach is full, it will be full, and if the stomach is full, the qi of yin and yang will be blocked." How can this be achieved? The ultimate desire of Taoism to advocate vegetarianism is to cultivate monasticism and realize the way of "long life and long sight".
3. Relationship: cultivating one's mind and self-cultivation means cultivating one's true nature, and the relationship between vegetarianism and monasticism means cultivating one's true nature and monasticism. In Qiu Zu's Instructions, it is said: "There are three ways to cultivate one's true nature, follow one's own teachings, make progress according to one's ability, stick to one's will, and practice hard, which is the right way to become a monk. Those who are superior in their husbands, cultivate one's true nature, and take pains to participate in metaphysics.
4. What is the Taoist theory of common sense
This is a common problem, and many comrades who do work are confused.
Being in the earthly world, one after another, I can't be completely independent, so I think it will have an impact on my cultivation. The concept of cultivating truth advocated by the author is a broad concept of monasticism, that is, to hone oneself in the world and cultivate truth by borrowing falsehood, in order to conform to the true nature of the road of "omnipresence".
You should know that it is not necessary to practice monasticism in a quiet environment. Ceng Yun, an ancient practitioner, said, "The great hidden in the dust" means that a real overhaul pedestrian can only be truly repaired if he hides in the world and shares the same dust with the light.
For ordinary people who study Taoism and practice, there is no need to show the attitude of breaking away from worldly customs, as if they are superior to ordinary people, so as not to be weird and unacceptable to the surrounding people, but to create evil influence for their own cultivation. It should be noted that Taoism has always opposed weirdness, because "a wise head makes a close mouth" and the monastic character we advocate can't be equated with the secular, of course, and it is completely equivalent to the secular and not called cultivation, but it can't be divorced from the secular.
Dan Jing says, "People's hearts never die, and Tao's heart never grows." That is to say, the inner heart should keep the Taoist heart, but the appearance must conform to the secular. The Taoist proverb says, "The Tao does not deviate from the secular."
Lao Tzu said: Harmony with light is the same as dust, and if it exists, it will be bright. It is for the spirit of Taoism.
The so-called "harmony with light and dust" means to be at peace with the secular outside and be at the same place as the dust; The so-called "Zhan Xi if you exist" is in it, and it should be in line with the avenue, and Zhan Ran should exist alone. If only the appearance is in line with the worldly customs, but the inside is lacking in cultivation, it is a complete "wine and meat monk"; If only the inside is in line with the practice, but the appearance is eccentric and unique, it is a complete "Taoist demon."
Living in this secular world, Taoism is not talking about seeing through the world of mortals, saying that everything is empty, not talking about isolation, not talking about passive avoidance. Hiding in the mountains and keeping quiet alone is precisely the Hinayana method that Taoist Gao Zhen has always opposed.
Only by practicing in the mundane world can we really temper our own Taoist mind. As the saying goes, "True gold is not afraid of fire", and it is true gold that can stand the test of fire. Only in this way can there be hope for success.
At the same time, Taoism highly advocates that only those who have made meritorious deeds in the world can be qualified to become immortals. "If you want to be an immortal, you should be good at one thousand three hundred.
"Emperor Qianlong's couplet praising Qiu Chuji's reality is a cloud:" Never stop eating in Changchun, and seek the secret; When you stop killing in one word, you know that there are wonderful achievements in saving the world. " Otherwise, what good is it to be immortal alone? Therefore, people who study Taoism must first understand this morality, and then practice it before they can enjoy it.
In today's society, we all have our own work and life. If we are completely engaged in quiet, we are actually not allowed. If it is not done well, it may cause many obstacles to monasticism and affect work and life, which violates the nature of life and does not conform to the Taoist concept.
therefore, it should be arranged properly so as not to delay.