In fact, the general *** can be summarized in two sentences, positive: the talents are roughly negative: there is a fault that destroyed Qin, but there is no fault of destroying Qin
The Han Dynasty is the first in Chinese history. Second Empire. The empire was born out of peasant uprisings. Its founding monarch, Liu Bang, was a fringe figure between a rogue and a gangster (gangster leader). Due to a kind of political and class inclusiveness, his group had a relatively broad social base and took advantage of the turmoil and disputes to finally gain national power. But this new dynasty had almost no legal or ideological legitimacy. Therefore, the empire was mired in extreme instability from its inception. In the fifty years from Emperor Gao, Empress Lu to Wenjing, there were constant internal disturbances. Externally, the Huns invaded, and society was in deep crisis. It was not until the birth of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that this man whom Ban Gu called a "great talent and great strategy" opened up a new situation for the dynasty.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty shaped the mainstream political ideology, planned systems, recruited talents, reformed internal affairs, established currency and finance, decisively fought against the Xiongnu, and expanded diplomacy. He not only re-established the institutional foundation of the Han Empire, but also had great foresight. This provided a set of fairly stable and mature models and paradigms for China’s monarchy and constitutional system from then until the Qing Dynasty for two thousand years.
However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was an extremely complex historical figure. Narrating and evaluating his life is not an easy task. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" was written during the Taichu period of Emperor Wu. Due to his personal misfortune and political dissent, his comments on Emperor Wu's era were mixed with strong personal emotions and subjective prejudices. Ban Gu's "Book of Han: Praise to Emperor Wu" tried to correct the shortcomings of "Historical Records". He said about Han Wu:
"The Han Dynasty inherited the shortcomings of hundreds of kings. Gaozu set things right after chaos, and culture and scenery were to support the people. As for the study of ancient rituals, there are still many gaps. When Xiaowu was first established, Zhuoran dismissed hundreds of schools and published the "Six Classics". , set calendar numbers, harmonize music, compose poems and music. After the Shao Zhou Dynasty, he established the Zen Dynasty and ordered the articles to be recited in a new way. The descendants can follow Hong Ye and have the style of the three generations, without changing the articles. Jing's courtesy and frugality are used to benefit the people, although "Poems" and "Books" say it can't be more advanced!"
Ban Gu basically affirmed the majestic talents and strategies of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. However, Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty's "Twenty-Two Histories" points out that it is still biased: "It only praises Emperor Wu's literary works, but does not say a word about his martial arts. He admires the emperor's talents and strategies, but it is his martial arts." Song Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" discusses Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty purely from the perspective of Neo-Confucianism's moral view of history, saying:
"Emperor Xiaowu was extravagant and lustful, punished and restrained, lavished palaces at home, and neglected foreign affairs. The barbarians believed in gods and monsters and roamed excessively, which made the people tired and became traitors. The reason why they were different from Qin Shihuang was very different.
However, the Qin Dynasty was destroyed by them and the Han Dynasty was promoted by Xiaowu. He who respects the ways of the former kings, knows what he is commanding, loves his honest words but is not tired of being deceived by evil people, punishes and punishes those who are strict, corrects his mistakes late, and cares about the people he trusts, this is why he has suffered the consequences of the destruction of Qin and avoided the destruction of Qin. What a disaster!" Wu Yuchui of the Qing Dynasty pointed out in "Historical Cases of Dynasties":
"The people of the Song Dynasty exhausted China's financial resources, paid bribes to the bandits, and stole the country. But when he crossed the river and sailed, he harmed the country by negotiating for peace. So what Emperor Wu did was beyond the control of the Song Dynasty?" This is a good question.
From the time Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne in 140 BC to his death in 87 BC, he reigned as emperor for 54 years. During his reign, Emperor Wu mainly accomplished five major things: First, he repulsed the Xiongnu invasion of the Central Plains, which gave the Chinese nation a vast living space from south to north and from east to west.
The second is to change the past and create a political system that is complete and embodies the Legalist idea of ??"ruling the country by law and not avoiding relatives and nobles". This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of the Chinese imperial system for the next two thousand years.
The third is to elevate Confucianism to a national religion and establish a set of state-centered ideologies that adapt to political rule, thereby controlling mainstream public opinion and establishing a humanistic foundation for the elites (literati) and society. ideals and value standards.
The fourth is to completely abolish the feudal system of the Western Zhou Dynasty patriarchal system and establish a new administrative bureaucracy system, inheritance system and talent promotion system.
The fifth is to formulate and design a far-sighted diplomatic strategy, and through civil and military skills, the Han Empire became the political and economic axis of the Asian continent at that time.
In Chinese history, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor with a world vision.
From the time he took the throne at the age of 16, his gaze had already transcended the limited area of ??the Han Empire within the Great Wall, and had set his sights on the vast South China Sea and the Western Regions.
Among those who have discussed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in ancient and modern times, Wu Yuchui of the Qing Dynasty is particularly insightful. The summary of the discussion is:
"The Emperor Wu's great talents and great strategies were not without a deep understanding of the toil of the people through conquests, and he wanted to restore the territory of three dynasties. He flattened the four barbarians, eliminated future troubles, and measured his strength and virtue, and he was generous and willing to give up. Who do I think? So I inherited the dynasty's cultivation, which was both common and wealthy, and moved according to the times. Fighting was used to defend, and attacking was used to defend. The Xiongnu traveled far and was weakened by the day. As for Xuan, Yuan, Cheng, and Ai, they became ministers. Jixuan came to the dynasty, and the creatures of the two Han Dynasties were blessed by it. It is fitting that the temple is named "Shizong"!
Although Emperor Wu's life was not without mistakes, some of his effects were completely unexpected. He started with literature to win the hearts of scholars, and continued with martial arts to open border towns, but he still thought that he was not enough for a lifetime, so he used chickens to divine things in Yue Temple, collected gold from Xiu Tu, obtained divine horses from Wowa, and took Tianma from Dawan. , as well as the white lin, red bird, and the auspiciousness of the Zhifang Baoding, are all fake Shinto to teach.
As for boating on the sea, there are five meanings, but it is not possible to travel thousands of miles on a sampan. Traveling to and from the islands, building boats and fighting boats, teaching water warfare, sailing to the north, frightening North Korea, the first thing. Setting sail to the south, frightening Minyue, the second thing. If North Korea surrenders, the left arm of the Xiongnu will be broken. When the country is more peaceful, the eastern frontier of South Vietnam will be determined by itself, and the four territories will be connected. The Dian Kingdom will be taken over in the south, and Wusun will be taken over in the north. The territory will be expanded for thousands of miles, while the east will be limited to huge ravines. If you want to cross the sea, you will not be able to expand it. Asking for Penglai, the alchemists from the east wanted to seek immortality, but the alchemists from the west wanted to seal it to the west and wanted to seal it to the east. However, the alchemists could not get the key points. Wang, so he repeatedly respected his favor, but failed to grant the power of general and minister, and repeatedly failed to verify his lies and punished him. People said that Emperor Wu was deceived by the alchemists, but they did not know that the alchemists were also deceived by Emperor Wu!
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was an emperor who reformed the system and achieved great success. He was a monarch with great talent and great scope. The wise Lord.
The edict of Emperor Wu in the first year of Yuan Shuo said: I heard that the heaven and earth remain unchanged and cannot be transformed; the yin and yang remain unchanged and things cannot flourish.
Yuan Shuo Liu. The edict of the year also said: "The five emperors did not restore rituals to each other, and the three generations had different laws. ”
This shows that until his later years, he was still seeking innovation and change. He always believed that as long as the situation changed, the policy should also be “different from time to time and urgent matters.”
In the third year of Yuanguang, Dong Zhongshu wrote three articles on strategies, which are known in history as the Three Strategies of Heaven and Man. Emperor Wu called him and asked: "Three generations have been ordered to do so. How did the disasters and changes come about? The emotions of life, or Heaven may be longevity, benevolence or despicability, I am used to hearing the slogans, but I have no idea. If Yi wants to be popular and orders things to be done, she will be light and change her ways, the people will be happy, and the political affairs will be announced. What repairs and orders will come, and the anointed dew will fall, and the valley of all desires will ascend... The virtue will be overflowing, spreading beyond the square, and extending to all living beings?"
The questions he raised were all big and strategic questions, which showed his broad vision. He asked Dong Zhongshu, as a philosopher, not to answer matter-of-factly, but to speak out "the essence of the great road." , to the openness of the discussion. This shows that he thought far and deeply about how to govern the country. What he explores and thinks is not temporary adaptability, but systematic historical philosophy and political philosophy. In his later years, he once said to Wei Qing:
"The Han family created everything and invaded China with the barbarians. If I don't change the system, future generations will not be able to do it. If I don't go out to conquer, the world will be uneasy. For this reason, those who have to work hard for the people . If future generations do what I did again, it is the deeds that destroyed the Qin Dynasty. He believes that the policy of "promoting utilitarianism internally and doing foreign affairs to the barbarians" he pursued was all out of considerations of establishing institutions, leaving examples for future generations, and national security. He admitted that his policies would disturb the people (trouble the people); he did not want his descendants to imitate his policies that disturbed the people. He sincerely warned that future generations must be vigilant to avoid repeating the mistakes of the Qin Dynasty.
Jian. Bozan described Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as follows
“Speaking of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, what will make people think of his serious face? In fact, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a more lively, naive and emotional person. In addition to his love of militancy, he also loved traveling, music, literature, and gods.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the wisest commander-in-chief of the army, the most frequent tourist on the sea, the original founder of the royal band, the dearest friend of writers, and the most loyal messenger of alchemists, especially his Mrs. Lee's best husband. He is by no means a reckless man who knows nothing but war.
”*
I believe that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a truly great king who inherited the past and ushered in the future and created a new world. In his ancient history, the civil and military achievements he made were unparalleled. Unparalleled. His imagination makes politics an art. His contingency and dexterity make the wise men of his time look like fools. He is both tolerant and discerning.
He created a system, established a scale, respected academics, and loved literature and art. He advocated building a country with morality and governing the country with the law. , Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, Nurha Yi, and Emperor Kangxi, it seems that his shadow can be seen to some extent.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had great talents and strategies that transcended history. He was a strategic and diplomatic designer. A genius. This kind of genius enables him to strategize and win thousands of miles, and his martial arts achievements are enough to eclipse the generals such as Hannibal, Alexander, and Napoleon in the West.
However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was by no means an extraordinary saint. He was lustful, proud, vain, selfish, superstitious, extravagant, and paranoid; he had almost all the weaknesses of ordinary human nature. But, despite this, even he had. Not as a king, but simply as an ordinary mortal, based on his thoughts and actions throughout his life, he should still be considered an upright man, a wise man with extraordinary wit, a brave and resolute warrior, and a poet with radiant literary talent. , an artist with a romantic and strange imagination, and a libertine who broke the souls of countless beautiful women, the worst and best lover.
He not only created the system and shaped the era, but also his life. The achievements and deeds are also deeply integrated into the history and tradition of our nation. The name of the Han nation comes from the era he pioneered after the Milky Way - "Tianhan". The territory, from Fujian and Guangdong Qiongya to Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and from Khotan and Altai to Heiji and Liao, outlines the basic outline of the Chinese Empire for the next two thousand years, and the scope of influence of this empire covers Chenghai, Congling, From the Hindu Kush Mountains to the Korean Peninsula; from Lake Baikal to India, it has expanded into a large cultural circle covered by the influence of Han culture.
Great men and geniuses are indescribable and incredible. It is difficult to measure by ordinary standards, and it cannot be measured and evaluated by worldly standards.
The life of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was full of contradictions. Just like using soldiers. In Chinese history, there are many heroes, great men, warriors, and saints. However, if you place him among any group of people, you can't help but admire him, and you can't help but be afraid of him. This is Liu Che. It is said that his birth was accompanied by his mother's dream of a red sun. His great-grandfather Liu Bang named him "彘" (wild boar) in the dream - and his father explained that this word is homophonic to "wisdom", which means He changed his name to "Che", which means thorough, and gave him the title "Tong"; and he is indeed a legendary man with incomparable wisdom and thoroughness. This is a real Sun Emperor and Shengwu Emperor in Chinese history.
His policies led to huge changes in his era, which also caused huge conflicts and huge debates, making him a controversial and even misunderstood figure. One of the biggest mistakes in his life was that he unfortunately castrated one of the most talented and greatest historians in Chinese history, who turned out to be the one who best understood him and loved him. As a result, this person used a pen to punish him out of hatred; making this great era in which he lived and his life become the most controversial era in history. And Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has since become the most misunderstood enigmatic king.