In general literary appreciation, people often pay attention to knowing the whole leopard from a glimpse, and oppose taking it out of context, because taking it out of context is only to intercept a paragraph of the article and understand it in isolation, which is often inconsistent with the original intention, or even completely opposite, and is easy to cause mistakes. In fact, it is not necessarily a bad thing to take it out of context. Sometimes we can see optimism from pessimism and find positive elements from negativity by using this method. This is the case with the moral understanding of Qiu Shui (Excerpt) in the first volume of senior high school Chinese published by People's Education Press.

The article Autumn Water is intended to show that everything in the world is relative, temporary and unpredictable. Zhuangzi used this article to promote his relativism and agnosticism. Although there are dialectical factors in this way of understanding things, it belongs to the subjective idealism system and is not desirable. However, when Zhuangzi expresses his thoughts, he seldom makes abstract summaries or theoretical logical arguments. He likes to use fables to explain the truth and put philosophy in the image. People's understanding of fables often exceeds Zhuangzi's own writing intention. The excerpt from the text is the first paragraph of the full text of Autumn Water. The author originally described the story of Hebo who saw the grandeur of the Yellow River and was complacent, but after seeing the North Sea, he lamented that the size of things is relative. However, as a separate fable, it has brought us multiple inspirations, such as:

① Don't stick to your own opinions and rest on your laurels;

② We should maintain the virtue of modesty, benefit from modesty, and be full of losses;

③ People are expensive and have self-knowledge;

④ only by comparison can we distinguish;

⑤ ashamed and almost brave;

⑥ you can see far only if you stand high;

⑦ arrogance is due to ignorance;

⑧ Only by constantly surpassing ourselves can we develop;

pet-name ruby should be broad-minded and ambitious;

⑩ Personal knowledge is limited. If you want to know that there are mountains beyond the mountains, there are days beyond the sky, you should study hard and keep making progress.

...

Can you say that these allegories don't conform to the fable itself? And so much enlightenment is the result of taking Autumn Water out of context. In fact, people's understanding of Zhuangzi's other articles is mostly in this way. For example, in the article "The Lord of Health", it is a negative philosophy of life to explain the way to avoid all contradictions by using the story of an expert in solving cows. But looking at this story alone, we can get the following enlightenment: everything has its objective laws. As long as we practice repeatedly and accumulate experience, we can understand it like an expert. His famous saying "My life is limited, but knowledge is limited" has been inspiring people to study against time for thousands of years, and to master more knowledge in a limited life as much as possible. In fact, this sentence is followed by "With the limit, it is almost impossible; It's almost enough to know what you already know. "Connecting the whole sentence means:" Human life is limited, but the ocean of knowledge is boundless. It is dangerous to pursue infinite knowledge with your limited life. In this case, if you continue to pursue it, you will fall into a more dangerous situation and be unable to extricate yourself. " It turns out that what he means is to tell people not to pursue knowledge, which runs counter to our understanding!

In short, taking things out of context under special circumstances will bring us unexpected gains. As long as we learn to draw positive and beneficial elements from it, it will make us understand things, understand life and enhance our ideological realm. But remember: this way of understanding articles is only suitable for individual articles, not universal.